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HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

LIBRARY

OF THE

MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.

JYcnj^^xivLqj'^o'i- liofcrLiliSjci

01,

OCCASIONAL PAPERS

OF thp:

BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF

POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND

NATURAL HISTORY.

VOLUME I.

" honolulu, h. i.
Bishop Museum Press.
1898-1902.

iioari) of (Trustees.

Sanford B. Dole, lyL.D.

William O. Smith ....

*Rev. Charles M. Hyde, D.D. |
Alfred W. Carter i

Henry Holmes . . . ...

Joseph O. Carter. vSamuel M. Damon.

President.
Vice-President.

Secretary.

Treasurer.
William F. Allen.

ftluseum §>taff.

William T. Brigham
tAcLAND Wansey
William H. Dall
William A. Bryan
John F. G. Stokes
Allen M. Walcott
John W. Thompson
Alvin Seale
John J. Greene

Dire(5lor.

Curator.

Honorary Curator of Mollusca.

Curator of Ornithology.

Assistant and A(5ling Librarian.

Assistant.

Artist and Modeller.

Colleaor.

Printer.

J. Kealohakui Malao, Janitor.

*Dr. Hyde died October 13, 1899, and the appointment of Mr. A. W. Carter was made.
fResigned October 6, 1898.

CONTKNTPS.

Number i.

Director's report of visit to foreign museums.

Ntimber 2.

Director's report for 1899.

Mat sails of the Pacific, by John F. G. Stokes.

Ray-skill rasps, by Allen M. Walcott.

Field notes on the birds of Oahu, by Alviii Seale.

Acquisitions in 1899.

Number 3.

Director's report for 1900.

Report of J. F. G. Stokes' visit to American museums.
Report of a mission to Guam. — Birds and fishes, by Alvin Seale.
Notes on the birds of Kauai, by Wm. A. Bryan and Alvin Seale.
Acquisitions in 1900.

Ntinaber 4.

New Hawaiian fishes, b}- Alviii Seale.

Nuu:iber 5.

Director's report for 1901.
Acquisitions in 1901.
List of publication exchanges.
Index to volume I.

INDEX TO VOLUME I

OF

Occasional Papers of the Bernice Paualii
Bishop Museum.

ILLUSTKATIONS. — r AJ'KK NO. 1.

Bishop Museum in iSgy. froHtispiccr.

1 Australian Museum, p. 3.

Hawaiian helmet in Australian Museum,

pi. i, p. 4.
Tahitian gorget, pi. ii, p. 5.

2 Vienna Museum, p. 7.

3-5 Hawaiian helmets at Vienna, pi. iii, p. S.

6 Feather war god (Kukailimoku) at Vien-

na, pi. iv, p. 9.

7 "Oracle House" of feathers, at Vienna,

pi. iv, p. 9.
S Wooden ladle. Hawaiian, at Vienna, pi.

V, p, 10.
9 Shark tooth tool, Hawaiian, at Vienna,

pi. V, p. 10.

10 Shark tooth knife, Hawaiian, at Vienna,

pi. V, p. 10.

11 Shark tooth weapon, Hawaiian, at Vien-

na, p. S.

12 Shark tooth tool, Hawaiian, at Vienna.

pi. V, p. 10.

13 Tahitian poi-pounders, at Vienna, p. 9.

14 Tongan pan pipe, at Vienna, p. 9.

15 New Caledonian disk club, at Vienna,

p. II.

16 New Caledonian bent club, at Vienna,

p. II.

17 Greenstone implement. New Caledonia.

at Vienna, p. 11.

18 Greenstone adz. New Caledonia, at Vien-

na, p. II.

19 Hermit Island adz, at Dresden, p. 14.
Fijian clubs, in the Bishop Museum, pi.

vii, p. 14.

20 Berlin Ethnological Museum, p. 15.
Hawaiian idol, Arniug collection, at Ber-
lin, pi. viii, p. 15.

Stone idol, Hawaiian, at Berlin, pi. ix,

p. 16.
Stone image, Hawaiian, at Berlin, pi. x,

p. 17.

21 Hawaiian finger Ijowl, at Berlin, p. 17.

22 Hawaiian wood carving tool, at Berlin,

p. 17.

23 Hawaiian stone lamps, at Berlin, p. iS.

24 Easter Island talking-stick, at Berlin,

p. 19.

25 Samoan awa bowl, at Berlin, p. 19.

25 Hermit Island shell adz, at Berlin, p. 21.
27 New Ireland shark float, at Berlin, pi.

vi, p. II.
2S Wooden fiddle. New Britain, at Berlin,

P- 23.

29 Kapa board cleaner, Hawaiian, at Copen-

hagen, p. 24.

30 Pattern on kapa marker, Hawaiian, at

Copenhagen, p. 25.

31 Kapa pattern, Hawaiian, at Copenhagen,

p. 25.

32 Carving tool, Hawaiian, at Copenhagen,

P- 2,5.
3^ Short handled adz from New Caledonia,

at Copenhagen, p. 26.
34 Jade and wood adz from New Caledonia,

at Copenhagen, p. 26.
3,s Cylindrical gong, Caroline Islands, at

Hamburg, p. 29.

36 Gilbert Island armor, at Hamburg, p. 29.

37 Adz from Marshall Ids. , at Hamburg, p. 30.
3,S Hawaiian fish-hook, at Amsterdam, p. 31.

39 Car\'ed eye of tiki, New Zealand, at Lei-

den, p. 32.
Hawaiian dish at Leiden, pi. xi, p. 32.

40 Berne Municipal Museum, p. 34.

41 Hawaiian weapon, — tortoise-shell ring

with shark tooth inserted, at Berne,

P- 35-

42 .Sunshade, Tahiti, at Berne, p. 35.

43 Adz, Tahiti, at Berne, p. 35.

44 Tongan pillow, in the Bishop Museum,

pi. x\'ii, p. 50.

45 Tongan mats, at Berne, p. 36.

46 Canoe breaker. New Zealand, at Berne^

p. 36.

11

Index .

FIG.

47 Hawaiian helmet, at Paris, p. 37.

48 Hawaiian coconut and wood hula drum,

in the British Museum, p. 43.

49 Hawaiian idol with helmet, in the British

Museum, pi. xii, p. 33.

50 Hawaiian idol with crest (akua mahiole),

in the British Museum, pi. xii, p. 33.

51 Hawaiian bowl, supported by fig^ures, in

the British Museum, pi. xii, p. 33.
31* Hawaiian bowl supported by figures (cor-
ner view), in the British Museum, pi.
xiii, p. 46.

52 Hawaiian idol, in the British Museum,

pi. xii, p. 33.

53 Hawaiian mirror, in the British Museum,

p. 44.

54 Hawaiian bowl supported by three fig-

ures, in British Museum, pi. xiii, p. 46.

55 Two bowls connected by a figure, Hawaii-

an, in the British Museum, pi. xiii, p. 46.

56 Wooden seat carved like human figure.

in the British Museum, pi. xiii, p. 46.

57 Wooden bowl between two figures, in the

British Museum, pi. xiii, p. 46.

58 Hawaiian implements of shark teeth, in

the British Museum, p. 45.

59 Hawaiian image made of "ohia" wood, in

the British Museum, pi. xiv. p. 47.

60 Sorcery lamp, Tahiti, in the British Mu-

seum, pi. vi, p. II.

61 Hawaiian fans, in the British Museum,

pi. XV, p. 48.

62 Sacrificial knives. New Zealand, in the

British Museum, pi. xv, p. 48.

63 Hawaiian idol, in British Museum, p. 47.

64 Marquesan club, in the British Museum,

pi. xvi, p. 49.

65 Mangaian gong, in the British Museum,

pi. xvi, p. 49-

66 Tongan basket, in the British Museum,

pi. xvi, p. 49.

67 Tongan bone apron, in the British Mu-

seum, pi. xvii, p. 50.

68 Nine spear, in the Bishop Museum, pi.

xvii, p. 50.

69 Banks Islands kite, in the British Mu-

seum, p. 49.
Lotus club, Fiji, in the British Museum,
pi. xviii, p. 51.

70 Lotus clubs from Fiji, at Oxford, p. 52.
Hawaiian image, at Salem, pi. xix, p. 54.

71 Hawaiian idols, at Salt Lake City, p. 62.

PAPER NO. 3.

Objects in the Bishop Museum.

Sacred tree drum, New Hebrides, p. 15.
Tree fern idols, New Hebrides, p. 16.
Funeral images, New Hebrides, p. 17.
Hairpin and band, Caroline Islands, p. iS.
Shell adzes, Gilbert Islands, p. 19.
Stone dish, Hawaiian Islands, p. 20.

Wound twine, Micronesia, p. 22.
Wound twine. United States, p. 23.
Board for mat sail weaving, Marshall

Islands, facing p. 26.
Ray-skin rasps, Gilbert Islands, facing

p. 32.

PAPER NO. 3.

Eggs of Excalfactoria sinensis and Aplo-

nis kittlitzi, p. 38.
Nest and egg of Ptilinopus roseicapillus,

p. 40.
Nest of Rhipidura uranice, p. 50.

4 Nest and eggs of Myiagra freycineti, p. 52.

5 Nest of Myzomela rubrata, p. 56.

6 Nest and eggs of Zosterops conspicillata,

P-59-

7 Nest of Chlorodrepanis parva, p. 135.

PAPER NO. 4.

F^pinephelus quernus, p. 2.
Novaculichthys tattoo, p. 4.
Serranus brighami, p. 6.
Balistes fuscolincatus, p. S.

PAPER

Physeter macrocephalus, skeleton, lower
jaw partly covered, facing p. 3.

Physeter macrocephalus, showing pa-
pier mach6 skin, facing p. 3.

Physeter macrocephalus, face view, fac-
ing p. 3-

Mesoplodon grayi, length view of skele-
ton, lacing p. 4.

Mesoplodon grayi, skull, side view, fac-
ing p. 4.

5 Scorptenopsis cacopsis, p. 10.

6 Monocanthus albopunctatus, p. 12.

7 Thalassoma berendti, p. 14.

NO. 5.

6 Mesoplodon grayi, skull, view from be-

low, facing p. 4.

7 Mesoplodon graj'i, skull, view from

above, facing p. 4.

8 Mesoplodon grayi, ear bones, facing

p. 4.

9 Group of tropic birds ( Phaethon lep-

turus), facing p. 6.
10 Group of Chlorodrepanis chloris on koa
branch, p. 7.

IN DKX.

Ro»ia>i )iii)iiiiali hulirah- tlir )iii»ib(>- of /lir /\tf>rr : Aiahic. iiHiiihrr a/' llir />atri>.

Ababang-, iii, 102.

Abudefduf amboinetisis, iii, S).

antjerius, iii, .S3.

brownriggfii, iii, S3.

dickii, iii, S4.

lacrymatus, iii, S3.

septemfasciatu.s, iii, 82.
Academj- of Natural Sciences
of Philadelphia, i, 55; iii,

7, 10.
Accessions, ii, 52: iii, 13S; v, 10.
Accipiter, iii, 43, 44.

nisoides, iii, 44.
Acridotheres tristis, iii, 133.
Acrocephalus, iii, 47, 52.
luscinia, iii, 52, 53.
syrinx, iii, 52, 53.
Additions to the Librarj-, ii, 46;

iii, 146; V, 21.
Adelaide, i, 4.
Museum, i, 4.
Botanical Garden, i, 5.
Admiralty Islands, i, 3, 12, 21,

27, 30, 33. 39- 42. 62.
Aga, iii, 55.
Agoas, iii, 66.
Akeke, ii, 39.
Akialoa, iii, 136.
Akikihi, iii, 136.
Alae, ii, 37 ; iii, 131.

keokeo, iii, 131.
Alcedinidse, iii, 44.
Amakihi, ii, 45 ; iii, 134.
Amanses sandwichensis, iii,

116.
Ambras collection, i, 10.
American Museum of Natural
History, i, 56, 68 ; iii, 7, 14.
Amphiprion bicinctus, iii, S2.

ephippiuni. iii, 81.
Amsterdam, i, 30.
Anampses cseruleopunctatus,

iii, 85.
Anas oustaleti, iii, 25.

wyvilliana, ii, 36; iii, 130.
Anatidie, ii, 36.
Anchorite (Hermit) Islands,

i, 14, 21, 30.
Annual report for 1899, ii, 5.

1900, iii, 3.

1901, V, 3.
Anous, iii, 20.

hawaiiensis, ii, 35.
leucocapillus, iii, 20.
stolidus, ii, 34, 35 ; iii, 20, 21
Anseres, ii, 36 ; iii, 18, 25.

Anthropological Institute of
Great Britain and Ireland,
i, ,S3-
Ao, iii, 129.

Apapane, ii, 43 ; iii, 134.
Apekepeke, iii, 132.
AphrizidEe, ii, 39; iii, 32, 37.
Aplonis, iii, 47, 54.

kittlitzi, iii, 54.
Apogon auritus, iii, 76.
fasciatus. iii, 75.
savayensis, iii, 76.
Ardeidae, ii, 36 ; iii, 26.
Ardetta, iii, 26' 27.

bryani, iii, 27.
Arenaria interpres, ii, 39; iii, 37.
Army Medical Museum, iii, 7,

10.
Arning, Dr. Ed., i, 15, 16, 65.
Asio accipitrinus, iii, 44.

sandvicensis, iii, 132.
Astur, iii, 43, 44.
sharpi, iii, 44.
Attendance of visitors, ii, 8, 9;

iii, 6; v, 9.
Auckland, i, 2.
Auku, ii, 36.

kohili, iii, 131.
Australia, Objects from, i, 14,

39, 53. 56, 57, 60, 63.
Australian Museum, i, 2, 3.
spear heads made from in-
sulators, 1, 4*.
tree carvings, i, 3.
Avifauna of Guam, iii, 17.
Bagag, iii, 64.
Balaos, iii, 64.
Balfour, H., i, 52.
Balistapus aculeatus, iii, 115.

rectangulus, iii, 116.
Balistes fuscolineatus, iv, 9.

undulatus, iii, 115.
Banks Island, i, 49.

Sir Joseph, i, 55.
Bastian, Ur. A., i, 14, 17!-
Belfast, i, 52.
Bennett, Rev. Geo., i, 51.
Berlin, i, 14.
Anthropological Societj-, i,
15-
Berne, i, 33.

Municipal Museum, i, 34.
Bingbing, iii, 37.
Bishop Aquarium, i, 72.
Charles Reed, i, iii.
Mrs., i, iii.

Bismarck Archipelago, i, 12,
14, 23, 30, 31.

Bittern, iii, 27.

Black-cheeked noddy, iii, 20.

Black-footed albatross, iii, 22,
129.

Blatscha models, i, 5S.

Blennies, iii, 126.

Boatswain bird, iii, 23.

Boaz, Dr. Franz, i, 56.

Bocadulce, iii, 67.

Booby, iii, 24.

Booser, Dr. P. A. A., i, 31.

Boston, i, 57.
Public Library, iii, 7.
Society of Natural History,
i, 58, 68; iii, 7, 15.

Brisbane, i, 4.

British Association for the Ad-
vancement of Science, i,
54 ; ii. 6.
Museum, i, 42, 65, 70.

Bronx Park, iii, 13.

Brussels, i, 33.

Bryan, Wm. Alanson, ii, 10;
iii, 5, 129; V, 4.

Buah, iii, 79.

Bubonic plague, iii, 6.

Bubonidse, ii, 39 ; iii, 43, 44-

Biichner, Dr. Max, i, 12.

Building, ii, 7.

Butterfly fish, iii, 102.

Calidris, iii, 32, 33.
arenaria, ii, 37 ; iii, 33-

California Academj' of Sci-
ences, i, 62 ; iii, 7, 8.

Cambridge, Eng., i, 50.
Mass., i, 58.
Archseological Museum, i,

5°-
Cannibals, i, 64.
Canterbury Museum, i, 2.
Caranx ascensionis, iii, 73.

sexfasciatus, iii, 74.
Card catalogue, ii, 3.
Caroline Islands, i, 29, 39, 49;

ii. 20.
Carpodacus mexicanus ob-

scurus, iii, 133.
Carter, Henry C, v, 8.
Casts from life, i, 66.
Ceratodus, i, 3.
Chaetodon citrinellus, iii, 98.

coUaris, iii, 99.

ephippiuni, iii, 97.

fulcula, iii, loi.

IV

Index

Chaetodon lunula, Hi, loo.

ornatissinius, iii, loo.

setifer, iii, gS.

strigangulu.s, iii, loi.

trifasciatus, iii, 102.
Chalak, iii, 6g.
Chamacocos del Chico, i, 6.
Charadriidae, ii, 38 ; iii, 32, 35.
Charadrius fulvus, ii, 38 ; iii,
35. 36. 132-

mongolicus, iii, 35, 36.

squatarola, iii, 35.
Chasiempis gayi, ii, 33, 40.

sclateri, iii. 132.
Chatham Islands, ii, 19.
Cheesenian, Thos. F.. i. 2.
Cheilinus fasciatus, iii, 86.

nigropinnatus, iii, 86.

trilobatus, iii, 85.
Cheilio inerniis, iii, 94.
Chevy Chase, iii, 10.
Chicago, i, 61 ; iii, 16.
Chigunguan, iii, 50.
Chinese sparrow, iii, 133.
Chirita, iii, 4S.

Chlorodrepanis chloris, ii, 33,
45-

parva, iii, 134.

stejnegeri, iii, 134.
Cholog, iii, 68.
Christchurch, i, 2.
Chuchuku, iii, 29.
Chung, iii, 21.
Cirencester, i, 52.
Cleptornis, iii, 47, 60.

niarchi, iii, 60.
Coccyges, iii, 19, 44.
Codrington, Rev. W.H., i,49, 65.
Collocalia fuciphaga, iii, 46.
Colombo, i, 5.
Columbte, iii, 18, 39.
Columbia, 1, 57.

University Library, iii, 7.
Columbian Kxhibition, i, 61.
Cook, Capt. James, i, 3.

relics, i, 3, 7, 42.
Cook's Voyages, drawings,

i, 49-
Copenhagen, i, 24.
Corals, ii, 66.
Coral fishes, iii, 97.
Coris aygula, iii, 87.

pulcherrima, iii, 87
Corvus iii, 47, 55.

kubaryi, iii, 55.
Coot, iii, 131.
Cotinga cincta or coerulea,

i, 10.
Ctenochtetus strigosus, iii, 109.
Culin, Stewart, iii, 11.

Cura5oa, Voyage of, i, 48.

Cypselidfe, iii, 46.

Dafila acuta, ii, 36.

Dall, Dr. W. H., ii, 10; iii, 9.

Report of, ii, 10.
Dalton, O. M., i, 49.
DangUim, iii, iiS.
Darnley Island, i, 23!.
Darwin, i, 55.
Deed of trust, ii, 5.
Demiegrelta, iii, 26, 29.

sacra, iii, 29.
Deverill, W. E. H., iii, 5.
Dinornis, i, 2, 11.

maximus, i, 57.
Diodon hystrix, iii, 120.
Diomedea chinensis, ii, 34.

nigripes, iii, 22, 129.
Dioniedeidse, iii, 22.
Director's report, 189S, i, i.

annual reports, ii, i ; iii, i;
v, I.
Dohrn, Dr. Anton, i, 5.
Dorsey, G. A., i, 61.
Drepanidse, ii, 33, 45.
Dublin, i, 52.
Dululi, iii, 36.
Dupetor flavicoUis, iii, 26.
Easter Island (Rapaniii), i, 9,

19, 26, 28, 38, 47, 51 ; iii, 9.
Echidna uniformis, iii, 62.
Edge-Partington, J., i, 42, 53.
Egigi, iii, 55-
Egniont Island, i, 47.
Egyptian Museum, i, 31.
Eleotris fusca, iii. 124.

miniatus, iii, 125.
Elepaio, ii, 40.
Ellis, Rev. Wm., i, 42.
Eltham, i, 53.
Epinephelus dtemelii, iii, 76.

hexagonatus, iii, 77.

quernus, iv, 3.
Etheridge, Robert, Jr., i, 2.
Ethnological department, ii,

14, 52 ; iii, 143 ; v, 10.
European coot, iii, 32.
Ewaewa, ii, 34.

Excalfactoria sinensis, iii, 37.
Exchanges, i, 67; ii, 14; v, 29.
Exhibition Building fire. Syd-
ney, i, 4.
Exploration, ii, 23.
Fahan, iii, 21.
Fairmount Park, iii, 7, 11.
Falconidse, iii, 43.
Feather productions from

Mexico, i, 6, 10.
Feather work from Brazil,
i, 10.

von Fellenberg, Dr. Ed., i, 37.
Field Columbian Museum,

i, 61 ; iii, 7, 16.
Field notes on the birds of

Oahu, ii, 33.
Fiji, 1, I, 6, 13, 20, 26, 28, 31, 33,
36, 38, 40, 42, 48, 50, 53, 56,
60, 61, 63.
Fijian clubs, i, 13*.
File fishes, iii, 116.
Fishes of Guam, iii, 61.
Fistiilaria depressa, iii, 64.
Florence, i, 6.
F'lorida, i, 48.
Flounders, iii, 128.
Flower, Sir Wni. H., i, 53; v, 3.
Fly catchers, ii, 40.
Fomho, iii, 84.
Franz Ferdinand, Museum of

Archduke, i, 11.
P'ree Museum of Science and

Art, iii, 7, 11.
Fregata aquila, ii, 34; iii, 24.

ariel, iii, 25.
Fregatidse, iii, 23, 24.
Freiburg Museum, i, 13.
Frigate bird, iii, 24.
Fulica, iii, 29, 32.
alai, iii, 131.
atra, iii, 32.
Fuligula fuligula, iii. 26.
Gadu, iii, 85.
Gadua, iii, 76.
Gadudog, iii, 81.
Ga-kaliso, iii, 53.
GallinEE, iii, 18, 37.
Gallinago, iii, 32, 33.

megala, iii, ZZ-
GalUnula, iii, 29, 31.
chloropus, iii, 31.
sandvicensis, ii, 37 ; iii, 131.
Gallus, iii, 37, 38.
bankiva, iii, 38.
Ganibier Islands, i, 38, 48. 60.
Gannet, iii, 24.
Garres argyeus, iii, 80.
Garrett, Andrew, ii, 10.

collection, iii 8.
Garfishes, iii, 64.
Gay, P'rancis, iii, 129.
GiglioH, Dr. E- H., i, 6.
Gilbert Islands, i, 13, 29, 42, 49,

60 ; ii, 20.
Gill, Rev., i, 65.
Gobies, iii, 124.
Gobius deltoides, iii, 125.
Godeffroy Museum, i, 27.
Godwit, iii, 132.

Golden plover, ii, 38; iii, 36,
132.

Index,

V

Goinphosus pacificiis, iii, 94.

pectoralis, iii, 9,^.

tricolor, iii, 9,^
Goode, Dr. J. lirown. i, 55.
Grass house, iii, 5 ; v, 4.
Greene, J. J., iii, s.
Guam, iii, ,v

avifauna, iii, 17.

fishes, iii, 61.
Gygis, iii, 20, 21.

allja kittlitzi, iii, 21.
Haakoae, ii, 36.
Hagen, i, 27,
Halcyon albicilla, iii, 44, 45.

ciiinauiomius, iii, 44, 45.
Hale pili, iii, 5 ; v, 4.
Halichoeres hortulanus.iii.SS.

leparensis, iii, 89.

nebulosus, iii, 88,

nigropunctatus, iii, 89.

opercularis, iii, 89.
Hamoktau, iii, no.
Hamburg, i, 27.
Hamy, M., i, 37.
Harpe axillaris, iii, 85.
Hawaiian Feather Work.ii, 14.

Hall, iii, 3.

Islands, objects from, i, 6, 7,
12, 16, 24, 28, 30, 32, 34, 37,
39, 41, 42, 50, 52, 53, 55, 56,
57, 58, 60, 61, 63.

tern, ii, 35.

Vestibule, iii, 3.
Heger, Custos, i, 10, 11.

Dr. Franz, i, 6.
Heilpron, Prof., i, 55.
Heniignathus procerus, iii,

136.
Hemirhauiphus limbatus, iii,

64.
Hendrick, Capt. John, i, 57*.
Heniochus chrysostoma, iii.

102.
Henshaw, H. W., ii, 8.
Hermit Islands, i, 14, 21, 30.
Herodiones, ii, 36 ; iii, 18, 26.
Herons, ii, 36; iii, 26.
Hervey Islands, i, 10, 13, 20,
25, 28, 31, 33, 47, 51, 59, 61,
62, 63.
Heteractitis iii, 33, 35.

brevipes, iii, 35.

incanus, ii, 37; iii, 132.
Higum, iii, S5.
Hijug, iii, loS.
Hilprecht, Dr., iii, 11.
Himantopus knudseni, iii, 131.
Himatione sanguinea, ii, 33,

43 : iii, 134.
Hitchcock, D. H., ii, 8.

von Hochstetter, Baron, i. 10.
Holmes, W, II., i, 61,
Holocanthus bishopi, iii, 106.

cyanotus, iii, 103.

imperator, iii, 104.

marianas, iii, 104.

nicobariensis, iii, 105.
Holocentrus binotatum, iii, 6S.

diadema, iii, 68.

fuscostriatus, iii, 69.

microstoma, iii, 70.

operculare, iii, 68,

unipunctatiim, iii, 69.
Holtze, Matirice, i, 5.
Hornaday, W. T., iii, 13.
von Hiigel, Baron, i, 2, 50.
Hunakai, ii, 37.
Hutchinson, Allen, ii, 8.
Hyde, Rev. C. M., ii, 7, 21 ; iii,

155-
Hydrochelidon leucoptera, iii,

20.
Hj'poteenidia, iii, 29, 30.

oustini, iii, 30.
liwi, ii, 42 ; iii, 133.
Index to the Islands of the

Pacific, iii, 5.
Information, ii, 21.
Installation, i, 67.
Jajaguag, iii, 46.
Jardin des Plantes, i, 37, 39.
Jordan, Dr. D. S., iii, S.
Julis anertensis, iii, 90.

punctatus, iii, 91.

purpurea, iii, 91.
Jungle fowl, iii, 38.
K. K. Naturhistorische Hof-

museum in Wien, i, 7.
Kaiser Wilhelm Land, i, 23.
Kakak, iii, 27.
Kakaka, iii, 78.
Kalakaua, King, i, i6t.
Kalaniopuu, i, ///, 3.
Kamau, iii, 137.
Kamehameha Schools, i, iv.

the Great, i, iii.
Kapas from Bolivia and the

Rio Napo, i, 6.
Kauai, iii, 4, 129.
Kew Garden Museums, i. 41.
Key to the Hawaiian Birds,

iii, 5-
Kilauea, ii, 24.
Koae, iii, 130.
Koko, iii, 30.
Kolea, ii, 38; iii, 132.
Koloa maoli, iii, 130.
Konigliche Kthnographische
Museum, Munchen, i, 12.
Knudsen, August, iii, 129.

Knudsen, Kric, iii, 5.
Kuhlia rupestris, iii, 75.
Kukuluaeo, iii, 131.
Kusaie, i, 21 .
Ivabelling, i, 6S.
Lactojihrys nasus, iii, 117.
Ladrone duck, iii, 25,

Islands, iii, 17.
La Foga, i, 20.

La Fresnaye collection, i, 58.
Lansi, iii, 73.
Laridas, ii, 34 ; iii, 20.
Larus barrovianus, iii, 129.

vegte, iii, 20.
Leiden, i, 31.

I^eiognathus obscura, iii, 74.
Lesiog, iii, 69.
Letter to the Trustees, ii, 3;

iii, 2 ; v, 2.
Leverian Museum, i, 43.
Library, Additions to, ii, 46;

iii, 146 ; V, 21.
Limicolse, ii, 37 ; iii, iS.
Limosa, iii, 33, 34.

lapponica baueri, iii, 34, 132.
List of accessions, ii, 52; iii,

138 ; V, 10.
Lizard-fishes, iii, 63.
London, i, 40, 53.

Missionary Society, i, 42.
I,ongipennes, ii, 34 ; iii, iS, 20.
Loro, iii, 93.

Loxops cseruleirostris, iii, 136.
Luau, iii, 24.
Luders, C. W., i, 27.
vonLuschan, Dr. Felix, i, 14,

64, 66.
Lutianus bengalensis, iii 7S.

bonhamensis, iii, 79.

erythropterus, iii, 78.

falvus, iii, 78.

mouostigma, iii, 79.
Maching, iii, 126.
Macrochires, iii, 19, 46.
Mafuti, iii, 79.

Magenta, Voyage of the, i, 5.
Malekula, ii, 14.
Mallicolo, i, 63.
Mangaia, i, 13, 20, 25, 28, 40.
Manihiki, i, 20, 28, 48.
Mann, Horace, i, 58.
Mantegazza, Dr. 1 aolo, i, 6.
Maori house, i, 2.

war canoe, i, 2.
Marianas, iii, 17.
Marine Zoological Station, i. 5,

70 ; ii, 7.
Marquesas Islands, i, 9, 13, 20,
25, 28, 31, 33, 38, 40, 42. 47,
.5i>53. 59. 61, 62, 63.

VI

Index.

Marshall Islands, i, 13, 29; ii,

21, 26.
Mason, Prof. Otis T., i. 55.
Mat sails of the Pacific, ii 25.
Matty Island, i, 12.
Max, Gabriel, i, 12.
Medicine, i, 65.

Meg'alops cyprinoides, iii, 63.
Megapodius, iii, 37, 39.

laperousi. iii, 39.
Melbourne, i, 4.
Meliphagidse, iii, 47.
Methods of fishing in Guam,

iii, 61.
Metropolitan Museum of Art,

New York, iii, 7.
Mexican feather productions,

i, 6, 10.
Meyer, Dr. A. B., i, 13.
Meyrick collection, i, 43.
Micronesia i, 6, 13, 21, 24, 49,

60, 62.
Mina, iii, 133.
Missouri Botanical Garden,

iii, 7, S.
Mojarras, iii, 80.
Monocanthus albopunctatus,

iv, 13.
Monoceros annulatus, iii, 113.
garretti, iii, 112.
lituratus, iii, 113.
marginatus, iii, 114.
Moray s, iii, 62.
Moriori implements, ii, 54.
Mormon Museum, i, 61.
Morning Star, ii, 19.
Morse, Prof. B. S., i, 60.
Mud hen, ii, 37.
Mugil axillaris, iii, 66.
planiceps, iii, 66.
waigiensis, iii, 65.
Mulloides flavolineatus, iii, 71.

samoensis, iii, 71.
Munia nisoria, iii. 133.
Munich, i, 12.
Municipal Museum, Brussels,

i, 33-
Muraena nigra, iii, 62.

tile, iii, 62.
Muscicapidje, ii, 33 : iii. 47.
Musee d'Artillerie, Paris, i, 39.
de Botanique, Paris, i, 39.
de Marine, Paris, i, 37.
Museo Kircheriano, Rome, 1,5.
Nazionale di Antropologia e

di IJtnologia, Florence, i, 6.
Museum of Comparative Zo-
ology, i, 58, 70; iii, 7, 16.
of Fine Arts, Boston, i, 57;

iii, 7.

Museum fiir Volkerkunde,

Berlin, i, 14.

Myiagra, iii, 47, 50.

freycineti, iii, .so.

Myripristis murdjan, iii, 67.

Myzomela iii, 47, 35.

rubrata, iii, 55.
Naples, i, 5.
National Zoological Gardens,

iii, 7, 10
Nationalmuseet den Ethno-

graphiscke Samling Kjo-

benhavn. i, 23.
Natural Historj- Museum.

South Kensington, i, 53, 54.
Nawodo, i, 13, 42.
Necker Island, i, 43.
New Britain, i, 14, 23, 27, 30,

49, 60.
New Caledonia, i, 11, 13, 18, 26,

29. 33- 36, 38. 39. 40. 49. 31.

59. 61.
New Guinea, i, 3, 6, 10, 11, 12,

14, 23, 30, 31, 42, 51, 53, 56,

61, 63.
New Hanover, i, 23.
New Hawaiian Fishes, iv, i.
New Hebrides, i, 22, 27, 30, 38,

49, 63 ; ii, 14.
New Ireland, i, 3, 14, 23, 27, 31,

33, 49-
Newton, Prof. Alfred, i, 54.
New York, i, 56.

Aquarium, iii, 7, 12.

Botanical Museum, iii, 7, 14.

Zoological Garden, iii, 7, 13

New Zealand, i, 2, 9, 12, 13, 18,

26, 30, 32, 36, 38, 39, 41, 44,

51, 53, 56, 57. 59- 61, 63; iii, 10.

flax, ii, 25, 26.
Ngang, iii, 25.
Niue, i, 28, 42, 46, 60.
Noddy, ii, 34, 35; iii, 21.
Nolo, ii, 35.
Normal School, ii, 9.
Nossac, iii, 58.

Notes on Birds of Kauai, iii,
129.

on Birds of Oahu, ii, 33.
Novaculichthys tattoo, iv, 5.
Nukulaelae, i, 49.
Numenius iii, 33, 34.

cyanopus, iii, 34, 35.

phaeopus variegatus, iii, 34.
Nycticorax giisius, ii, 56.

nycticorax njevius, iii, 131.
Oceanodroma castro, iii, 130.
Oeoe, iii, 130.

Ophichthus colubrinus, iii, 62.
Oreoniyza bairdi, iii, 136.

Oreomyza maculata, ii, 33.

Oriental whimbrel, iii, 34.

Osborn, Prof. Hy. F., i, 57.

Ostracion cornutus, iii, nS.
cubicus, iii, 118.
punctatus, iii, 118.

Ou, iii, 137.
holowai, iii, 136.

Owl, ii, 39; iii, 44, 132

Oxford, i, 52.

Oxymonacanthus longirostris,
iii, 117.

Pacific godwit, iii, 34.

PaUeozoic corals, ii, 21.

Pallas' gull, iii, 20.

Paloman, iii, 116.

PaludicoUe, ii, 37; iii, 18, 29.

Paracirrhites arcatus, iii, 79.

Paris, i, 37.

Parkinson, Sydney, i, 7.

Parrot fishes, iii, 95.

Passeres, ii, 33 ; iii, 19, 47-

Pauahi, Princess, i, iii.

Paumotu archipelago, i, 10,
20, 48.

Peabody Academy of Sci-
ences, Salem, i, 60.
Museum of American Eth-
nology and Archaeology,
i, 58; ii, 20; iii, 7, 15.

Peale, Rembrandt, i, 55.

Pempheris otaitensis, iii, 74.

Percis cephalopunctatvis, iii,
124.

Periophthalmus koelreuteri,
iii, 126.

Peristeridte, iii, 39.

Perkins, R. C. L., i, .S4, 69 ; ii, 6.

Petrels, iii, 22.

Phseornis myadestina, iii, 137.
palmeri, iii, 137.

Phaethon candidus, iii, 23.
lepturus, ii, 36; iii, 130.

Phasianidte, iii, 37.

Phasianus torquatus, iii, 132.

Philadelphia, i, 55.
Commercial Museums, iii,
7, II.

Phlogcenas, iii, 39, 42.
xanthonura, iii, 42.

Photography, i, 66.

Picture Gallery, ii, 8.

Pilsbrj', Dr., i, 55; ii, 13; iii, 10.

Pintail, ii, 36.

Pipupu, iii, 124.

Pitt-Rivers collections, i, 52.

Platophrys pavo, iii, 128.

Platycephalus punctatus, iii,
123.

Plover, ii, 38; iii, 36, 132.

Index

roint Rarrow gull, iii, 129.
Polioliinmas, iii, 29, 30.

cinereus, iii, ,;o.
I'olonian liahini-taTK). iii. 43.

kanau, iii. 42.
rolydactylu.s sexfilis, iii. 67,
Polynesian Hall. ii. 7.
Poniacentru.-i bankantii.sis, iii.
Si.

litoralis, iii. Si.

punctatus, iii. So.

triniaculatus, iii, 80.
Porcupine fish, iii, 120.
ProcellariidEe, iii, 22.
Pseudoscarus bataviensis, iii,
96.

platodoni, iii, 96.

sumbawensis, iii, 97.
Psittacirostra psittacea.iii, 137
Pterois zebra, iii, 122.
Ptilinopus roseicapillus.iii, 39.
Publications, ii, 14 ; iii, 5 ; v, 6.
Pueo, ii. 39 ; iii, 132.
Puffers, iii, iiS.
Puffinus newelli, iii, 129.

obscurus, iii, 22, 23.

tenebrosus, iii, 22, 23.
Pulatel, iii, 31.
Putnam, Prof. F. W., i, 58.
RallidK. ii, 37; iii, 29.
Rapanui. i. g, 19, 26, 28, 38, 47,

51 ; iii, 9.
Raptores, ii, 39 ; iii, 18, 43.
Rarotonga, i, 36.
Rathbun, Dr., i, 56.
Ray-skin rasps, ii, 32.
Read, C. H., i, 50.
Real Museo di Fisica e Storia

Naturale, i, 6.
Red-billed tropic bird, ii, 36.
Reef heron, iii, 29.
Reiny, Jules, i, 39.
Report of Dr. W. H. Dall, ii, 10.

of Director's journey, i, i.

on library, v, 6.

of J. F. G. Stokes' vi.sit, iii, 7.

for 1899, ii, 5.

for 1900, iii, 3.

for 1901, V, 3.
Rhipidura, iii, 47, 48.

saipanensis, iii, 48.

uranise, iii, 48.
Rice bird, iii, 133.
Rijks Ethnographische Mu-
seum, Leiden, i, 32.
Ring-necked pheasant, iii, 132.
Roblej-, Gen., i, 53.
Rock fish, iii, 120.
Rome, i, ,s.

Royal College of Physicians
and Surgeons, i, 53.

Society of London, i, 54 ; ii, 6.

United Service Museum,
i. 41-
Rubiaiia, i, 49.
Safford, Lieut. -Governor W.

E., iii, 17.
Saffron Walden, i, 51.
Sagamolang, iii, 67.
Saganas hexagonata, iii, iii.

mamorata, iii, iii.

rostrata, iii, iii.
Salarias uigripes. iii, 127.

nitidus, iii. 127.

periophthalmus, iii, 126.
Sali, iii, 54.
Salmoneti, iii, 71, 72.
Salt Lake City, i. 61.
Samoa, i, 19, 25, 2S, 32, 36, 46,

51. 56- 61.
San Cristobal, i, 48.
Sanderling, ii, 37 ; iii, 33.
Sandwich Lslands — misuse of

name, i, 53.
San Francisco, i, 62 ; iii, 8.
Santo, i, 22.
Sapisapi, iii, 74.
Savage Island, i, 28.
Scarus celebricus, iii, 95.

cypho, iii, 95.
Schmeltz, Dr. J. D. E., i, 32.
.Schomburgh, Dr., i. ,s.
Scolopacidte, ii. 37; iii, 32.
Scolopsis lineatus, iii, 65.
Scorpjena bakeri, iii, 120.
Scorpsenopsis cacopsis, iv, 11.

guamensis, iii. 121.
Sea butterfly, iii, 101.
Scale, Alvin, ii, 10, 33 : iii, 3,

17, 129; iv, I ; V, 6.
Sea poachers, iii, 124.
Seemann, Dr. Berthold, i, 41.
Seliig, iii, 45.

Serranus brighami, iv. 7.
•Sharp, Dr., i, 55.
Sharp-tailed sandpiper, iii, 33.
.Shearwater, iii, 23.
Shell money, making of, i, 12.
Sihig, iii, 65.
Smith, Mr., South Keusin,gton

Museum, i, 53.
Smithsonian Institution, iii, 7, S.
Snake eels, iii, 62.
Snipe, iii, 2,?}-
Society Islands, i, 6, 9, 20, 2,s,

35,38,42,46, 51,55.
Solomon Islands, i, 12, 22, 27,
30> 33. 36, 39. 40. 42. 4S, 51.
53, 60, 62, 63.

Sooty tern, ii, ,,4.

South Kensington Industrial

Museum, i, 41.
Sperm whale, v, 3.
Sphynena obtusata, iii. (ir,.
Sciuirrel fishes, Iii. 67.
Stanford University Museum.

iii, 8.
St. Augustine's College, Can-

terburj', i, 52.
Steganopodes, ii, 36; iii, 18, 23.
Sterna fuligino.sa, ii, 34.
Stethojulis fulvovenlris, iii, 92.

renardi, iii, 92.
Stilt, iii, 131.
Stirling, Dr. E- C, i, 4.
St. Louis, iii, 8.
Stokes, J. F. G., ii, 9, 23, 25 ; iii,

4. 5. 7 ; V, 5--
Sturnidse, iii, 47.
Sula piscator, iii, 23, 24.

sula, iii, 23, 24.
Suva, i, I.

Swanzy. F. M., v, 4.
Sydney, i, 2.
Sykes, ii, 13.

Synanceia thersites, iii, 121.
Synodus variegatus, iii, 63.
Table of attendance, ii, 9; iii,

6; V, 10.
Tahiti, i, 3. 6, 3S.
Tahitian gorget of feathers,

i. 3-
Taloga, iii, 114.
Tampat, iii, 128.
Tarakita, iii, 73.
Tarpons, iii, 63.
Tasmania, i, 53.
Tatalum, iii, 85,
Tatanung, iii, 87.
Tatuing. i. 64.
Tetradrachiiium aruauum. iii.

S4.
Tetrodon immaculatus, iii, 119.

papua, iii, 118.

reticularis, iii, 119.

stellatus. iii, 119.
Teuthis aliala, iii, 109.

lineatus. iii, loS.

mata. iii, 107.

olivaceus, iii, 107.

triostegus, iii, 108.
Thalassoma berendti, iv, 15.
Thompson, John W., v, 5.
Thurston, Sir John, i, i.
Timeliidte, iii, 47.
Tonga, i, 3, 6, 9, 20, 27, 28, 33,

35, 38, 41, 47, 51, 55. 59-
Torres Straits Islands, i, 23, 30.

Vlll

Index.

Totanus, iii, 33, 34.

glareola, iii, 34.

hypoleucus, iii, 34.
Totot, iii, 39.
TreionidEe, iii, 39.
Trigger fishes, iii, ii.s.
Tringa acuminata, iii, ^iZ-
Trocadero, i, 37, 3S.
Tropic bird, ii, 36; iii, 23, 130.
Trumpet fish, iii, 64.
Trunk fishes, iii, 117.
Tubinares, iii, iS, 22.
Turner, Rev. G., i, 65.
Turnstone, ii, 39.
Turtur, iii, 39, 43.

chinensis, iii, 132.

dussumieri, iii, 43.
Tylor, Dr. E. B., i, 53.
Tylosurus annulatus, iii, 64.
Uau, iii, 130.
Ugupa anirilla, iii, 103.
Uhle, Dr. M., i, 13.
Ulili, ii, 37 ; iii, 132.
Umlauff, i, 27.
U. S. Botanical Gardens, iii, 7.

IJxploring Expedition, i, 55;
iii, 9.

U. S. Fish Commission, iii, 7,
10.
National Museum, i, 53 ; iii,
7,8.

Upeneus multifasciatus, iii, 71.
saffordi, iii, 72.
trifasciatus, iii, 72.

Vancouver collection, i, 43, 44.

Vanikoro, i, 3S.

Vestiaria coccinea, ii, 33, 42;
iii, ^ZZ-

Vienna, i, 6.

Virchow, Dr. Hans, i, 5.

Volkerkunde Museum, i, 27.

Voy collection, i, 62.

Waber, i, 33.

Wahiula, ii, 23.

Walcott, Allen M., ii, 9, 32 ; iii,
4 : V, 5.

Waldron, F.. ii, 24.

Wandering tattler, ii, 37 ; iii,
35. 132.

Wansey, Acland, ii, 9.

Ward's Natural Science Es-
tablishment, iii, 7, 16.

Ware collection, i, 3S.

Warren Medical Museum, i, 64.

Washington, i, 55.

Weber's collection, i, 10.

Wellington, i, 2.

White tern, iii, 21.

White-winged black tern, iii,
20.

Wilhelm II, Kaiser, i, 15.

Wilkes' Expedition, i, 55; iii, 9.

Willoughby, C. C, ii, 20.
Frank, i, 60.

Wil.son, Dr. W. P., iii, 12.

Worship, i, 65.

Yap, i, 60.

Zabrasoma agaiia, iii, no.
guttatus, iii. no.

Zanclus cancscens, iii, 102.

Zoological Park, Philadel-
phia, iii, 7, II.
Society of London, iii, 13.

Zoologische und Anthropolo-
gisch - Ethnographische
Museums zu Dresden,
i, 13.

Zosterops, iii, 47, 58.
conspicillata, iii, 58.
semperi, iii, 58.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS

NOV 9 1888 °' ™^

BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM

OF

POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND
NATURAL HISTORY.

Vol. I. — No. I

DIRECTOR'S
REPORT

HONOLULU:

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

1898.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS

OF THE

BERNICE PAUAHl BISHOP MUSEUM

OF

POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND
NATURAL HISTORY.

Vol. I. — No. i.

DIRECTOR'S
REPORT

HONOLULU:

HAWAIIAN ISLANDS.

1898.

PREFACE.

Ix THIS initial luiinber of the publications of the Bernice
Pauahi Bishop Museum of Polynesian Ethnology and Natural His-
tory it seems proper to state that the Trustees have decided to issue
such papers as seem to them worthy of publication on subjedls ger-
main to the objedls and work of this Museum in one or the other of
two series, one in quarto the other in oclavo form. For the former the
title of Memoirs, for the latter that of Occasional Papers has been
seleclied. A small edition of each will be printed in the office attached
to the Museum, mainly for exchange with other Museums or Societies
issuing publications in similar lines. The date of publication will
be irregular, and as papers are ready the}- will be issued: applica-
tions for copies or exchanges should be made to the Diredlor.

The Princess Pauahi was descended from a long line of Kings
and Alii. She was great-granddaughter both of Kalaniopuu, the
King of Hawaii at the time of Cook's visit, and of Kamehameha
the Great the remarkable Hawaiian who succeeded that King and
after gaining undisputed authority over his island of Hawaii car-
ried his victorious arms to Maui and Oahu, and on the last island
receiving the capitulation of Kaumualii the King of Kauai thus
completing the conquest and unification of the entire Group.

Pauahi was educated with the other Alii at the Royal School
and early gave evidence of her capabilities and sterling chara(5ler.
At an early age she was married to Charles Reed Bishop who had
come to the Islands from the State of New York, and during a long
and happy life was regarded both by her own people and by all
foreigners who knew her the beloved Chief Lady of the land. Her
accomplishments were many but they yielded to the beauty of her
characfter. Oc1:ober i6, 1884, Mrs. Bishop died leaving her entire
estate to found schools for the youth of her race. Plve years later,

iv Preface.

when her bequest was adlively accomplishing her desires, her hus-
band founded this Museum in the midst of the school at Kalihi, a
western suburb of Honolulu. Although the founder of Kamehameha
Schools needed no other monument than these schools it was pecul-
iarly fitting that a memorial to her should be placed in their midst
to preser^-e and exhibit to all who care to look relics of her people
and the kindred races of the Pacific Ocean.

This Museum, founded in 1889 and growing slowly for
several years, has now attained an honorable position among Eth-
nological Museums, nor has it wholly neglecfted the other obje(5l of
its foundation but has done much for the Entomology and Orni-
thology of the Hawaiian Islands as will be seen by subsequent
publications.

Twice during its first decade has it outgrown its buildings,

twice have generous additions been made to its exhibition and work

rooms. Foundations have been laid for a fine hall to contain

Hawaiian exhibits. Both Museum and Schools try to illustrate

the truth of the memorial inscription in the entrance hall of the

former:

''BERNICE PA U A HI BISHOP:

A bright light among her people, her usefulness S2irvives
her mortal life.''

The Board of Trustees consists of:

Sanford B. Dole, L.L.D. President.

William O. Smith Vice President.

Rev. Charles M. Hyde, D.D. Secretary.

Henry Holmes Treasurer.

Samuel M. Damon, Joseph O. Carter, William F. Allen.

The Museum Staff consists at present of:

William T. Brigham, A.M., A.A.S., etc. DireHor.

Acland Wansey Curator.

John J. Greene Printer.

Taxidermist.

September, 1898.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Bishop iNIusevun from a photograph by the Dire(5tor in 1897 . . F'rontispiece^

Australian Museum from a photograph given by Sir Geo. Dibbs . p. 3.

Hawaiian Helmet from the Cook relics in the Australian Museum . PI. i, p. 4.

Tahitian Gorget " " " " " " " . PI. 2, p. 5.

Vienna Museum ... p. 7.

3- 5. Hawaiian feather Helmets, Cook coll. at Vienna .... PI. Ill, p. 8.

6- 7. Kukailimoku and "Oracle House" [Cook] " PI. IV, p. 9.

S-12. Hawaiian implements PI. V, p. 10.

II. Leiomano, Cook coll. at Vienna p. 8.

Pan pipe p. 9-

14. Tahitian poi-pounders P- 9-

15. New Caledonian Disk club p. 11.

16. " " Bent club p. 11.

Greenstone implement p. 11.

Greenstone adz p. 11.

Fijian Clubs photographed by Acland Wansey PI. VII, p. 14.

Club braced with cord P- i4-

Berlin Museum p. i5-

Hawaiian Idol [Arningl PI. VIII, p. 15.

Stone Idol photographed by Acland Wansey PI. IX, p. 16.

Stone image " .... Pl x, p. 17.

21. Finger bowl P- i7-

22. Wood carving tool P- I7-

23. Hawaiian stone lamps p. 18.

24. Easter Island Talking-stick P- i9-

25. Awa bowl P- 19-

26. Shell adz p. 21.

27. Shark float PI- VI, p. 11.

28. Wooden fiddle. New Britain P- 23.

29. Kapa board cleaner p. 24.

30. Stamp pattern p. 25.

31. Kapa pattern p. 25.

32. Car\'ing tool P- 25.

33. Short handled adz from New Caledonia p. 26.

34. Jade and wood adz •' ■• " p. 26.

35. Cylindrical gong P- 29.

36. Coconut armor from the Gilbert Islands P- 29.

37. Adz with knob p. 3°.

38. Hawaiian fish-hook P- 3i-

VI

List of IlhLstrations .

Carved eye of tiki P- 32-

Hawaiian dish at Leiden PI. XI, p. 32.

Berne Municipal Museum P- 34-

Shark tooth weapon P- 35-

Sunshade, Tahiti P- 35-

Adz, Tahiti P- 35-

Tongan pillow PI. XVII, p 49.

Tongan Mats P- 36.

Stone beater p. 36.

Haw.iiian helmet P- 37-

Coconut and wood hula drum p. 43.

Akua with helmet PI. XII, p. 33

Akua mahiole PI. XII, p. 33

Bowl on car\'ed svipporters PI. XII, p. 33

Bowl •• " " PI. XIII, p.46,

Akua PI. XII, p. 33

Hawaiian mirror P- 44.

Bowl .supported by three figures PI. XIII, p. 46

Two bowls connedted by a figure PI. XIII, p.46

Human figure for seat PI. XIII, p.46

Bowl between two figures Pi. XIII, p.46

Hawaiian implements of shark's teeth p. 45-

Ohia god PI. XIV, p.47

Sorcery lamp, Tahiti PI. VI, p. 11

Hawaiian fans PI. XV, p. 48

Maori sacrificial knives PI. XV, p. 48

Hawaiian god P- 47.

Marquesan club PI. XVI, p.49

Mangaia gong PI. XVI, p.49,

Tongan basket PI. XVI, p.49

Tongan bone apron PI. XVII, p50

Nine spear Pl.XVII,p.5o,

Club, Fiji PI. XVIII P5I

Banks Islands kite P- 49-

Lotus clubs, at Oxford P- 52-

Akua at Salem PI. XIX, p.54.

71. Gods at Salt Lake City p. 62.

The pen and ink sketches are from the Diredtor's note book: the photographs of objetSls
in the British Museum are by Mr. Heni->' Oldland of that museum: the objedts in the Vienna
Museum and the half-tones prepared by Lowy: the other half-tones and zincographs l?y the
Sunset Photo-Engraving Co. of San Francisco.

40.

41.
42.
43.
44.
45-
46.

47-
48.

49-
50.
SI-
SI.'
52.
S3.
54.
55-
56.
57-
S8.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63-
64.
65-
66.
67.
68.

69.

70.

Report oj a Journey around the world undertaken to
examine vaiious EthnoloQical Co//ee?io?is.

In view of the fa(5t that many implements and objecfts of
ethnological Interest have been deposited in American and Euro-
pean museums by early colledtors or their heirs, — obje(5ts no longer
made or used by the natives of the islands of the Pacific Ocean
(the region recognized as the field of operations of this Museum),
— the Trustees of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum decided
to authorize the Direcftor to visit and examine the principal Ethno-
logical museums of the world, hoping that besides studying the rare
and now unattainable ethnological obje(5ts in those museums, he
might arrange exchanges of duplicates or publications, obtain pho-
tographs of interesting specimens, and learn what might be new or
of value in the arrangement or management of such institutions,
and in the preserv^ation of their contents.

The Director left Honolulu January 28, 1896, on the Steamer
'Warrimoo' for Sydney, N.S.W. Touching at Suva, Fiji, for a few
hours, a glimpse was obtained of the very interesting Vitians, and
their fine forms, dignified bearing, and lack of idle curiosity were at
once noticeable. In the Government House was an ornamental
colledlion of implements, mostly warlike, and it was matter of deep
regret that the late Sir John Thurston, then Governor of the group,
was absent and so his great knowledge unavailable. There were

O.P.— B.P.B.M.

2 Colonial Museums.

several private colle<5lions of little scientific value. In Oxford, later,
the colledlion from this group made by Baron von Hiigel, probably
the choicest in any museum, was examined with the kind as-
sistance of the accomplished collector who is now Curator of the
University Museum. Before leaving Suva some kapas (white ma-
si and figured sulas), and a few implements were purchased which
are now in the Museum.

The route of the ' Warrimoo' was diredl from Suva to Sydney,
leaving Ncav Zealand far to the southward, but on several previous
vo^'ages the museums of that progressive Colony were visited, and
it may be stated that the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch is, as a
general museum, one of the most attra(5live in the Southern Hemi-
sphere, and in the remains of the Moa {DinoTuis) unquestionably
the richest in the world: in Maori remains it is not remarkable: it
publishes a Gviide-book. At Wellington, the Capital of New Zea-
land, and the centre of scientific energ}' in that Colony, the museum
is smaller, but contains a fine carved Maori house. As a scientific
museum that at Auckland, of which Mr Thomas F. Checseman is
Dire(5lor, ranks high; and here is the fine Maori war-canoe more
than eight}' feet long and of remarkable model, besides many carv-
ed prows and stern-posts of canoes that have perished. The Mao-
ri implements are well represented but a depraved taste has led to
the mutilation of the native carved figures, hence ethnologically all
such specimens are bad for they lead to a false estimate of indige-
nous art. The blame for this silly proceeding may or may not rest
with the Government, certainly not with the accomplished Curator.
On the other hand it should be said that all the Colonial Govern-
ments have fostered museums of which Australia and New Zea-
land may well be proud, for as educators of the people, these mu-
seums, although so recent, are close followers of Vienna, Berlin,
Hamburg, London, Washington, New York and Boston.

At Sydney the Australian Museum in charge of Mr Robert
Etheridge, Jr., had been rearranged and greatly improved since a
visit two years before. In the Department of Natural History is a

Colon ial J//fS(W/ )n s .

Australian Museum.

nearly complete series of Australian marsupials well mounted, also
preparations illustrating marsupial embryology; life-like casts of
serpents; remarkable skeletons of fish — among them Ceratodus, bet-
ter than were seen elsewhere; a series of Australian birds, not com-
plete, but excellent so far as it goes; and a very extensive mineral-
ogical colle(5tion. In the ethnological hall are many New Ireland
car\dngs, both in wood and in chalk; the best series of large round
wooden food bowls, from the Admiralt}' Islands, seen in any mus-
eum; NewGuinean masks, nets, shields and spears; the largest ser-
ies in existence ( some forty ) of Australian tree carvings, of which
the Bishop Museum has a set of photographs; some interesting art-
icles from the Solomon Islands; and a curious lot of relics purchas-
ed from the family of Captain James Cook, among these a feather
cloak (which will be figured and described elsewhere) and helmet
[PI. I.] both given to the great Navigator by Kalaniopuu. A fine
Tahitian gorget of feathers, pearl-shell and shark teeth [Pl.II.], not
a few good kapas, and some Tongan matting are noteworthy in this

4 Colonial Musetuns.

purchase. The colle(5lion of Australian implements formerly here
was destroyed by fire while in the Exhibition Building some j-ears
ago. Even this lamentable occurrence has not put an end to the
unwise course of loaning valuable specimens from secure museums
to flimsy and temporary exhibition booths for popular amusement.
As in New Zealand museums there are but four dried Maori heads
showing the moko or tatuing, so in Australian museums there are
few native crania and skeletons, — more are to be found in London.

The Brisbane museum was not visited, owing to the floods
that had rendered the roads impassible. Although it is the centre
from which articles from British New Guinea should be distributed
to other museums, it is said on good authority, that little progress is
made in the utilization of these and other rich treasures stored here
and useless for all purposes of exhibition or study.

In Melbourne the Ethnological collecSlions are in the Public
Eibrary, and although large and including many choice specimens,
are not well arranged for stud}. The Natural History colle(5tion
is in another and distant building even less suited to the purpose,
and so disagreeably crowded that arrangement is almost impossi-
ble, and specimens are often mounted in a way unworth}' of modern
scientific taxidermy.

In Adelaide the museum is in a new and well-planned build-
ing of brick and iron, and Dr. E. C. Stirling has on exhibition the
largest and most complete colledtion in the world illustrating Aus-
tralian life and works. The food produdls, manufactures* with the
raw material in all stages, matters of personal adornment seldom
colle(5led, stone implements, are admirably displa3^ed and afford am-
ple instru(5tion — not only to the casual visitor — but to the scientific
student as well. This may indeed be taken as a model for all like
institutions, and no student of native Australian manners can neg-
lect this encyclopaedic series. In the Natural History division the
same good system and results prevail. The palaeontology of South

* Note should be made in passing of the capital spear-points, some of large size and ad-
mirable workmanship, made from telegraph insulators and soda-water bottles, by the natives
of West Australia at the present day. Many examples are shown in this museum.

Adelaide — Naples — Rome. 5

Australia is well represented. It was a matter of deep regret that
weeks could not have been spent here in studying the contents of
this museum under the guidance of Dr. Stirling. The Botanical
Garden, although suffering from the prevailing drought, well repaid
a visit. There are not only in the houses many rare plants colledl-
ed by the late Dr. Schomburgh, but also a capital museum of botan-
ical producls. The present Director IVIr Maurice Holtze has every
thing in perfect order. The ' ' Claw vine ' ' ( Bignonia gj-acilis ) , which
covers the walls of the Bishop Museum, here bears fruit although it
has not fruited on the Hawaiian Islands.

After a journey of some twelve hundred miles by rail from
Sydney to Adelaide, the S. S. 'Orotava' of the Orient Line was board-
ed in Largs Bay, February 19, 1896. Albany was the last port in
Australia and from that the course lay direct to Colombo which was
reached March 3rd. Here the museum is a large two-.storied build-
ing, surrounded b}' colonnades, near the cinnamon gardens, so enjoy-
ing plenty of light and space. The contents, although of great
interest, are almost entirely from other regions than the Pacific.

Passing through the Red Sea and the Suez Canal the 'Oro-
tava" arrived at Naples March i8th, late in the afternoon. Here at-
tention was particularly directed to the famous Marine Zoological
Station established and conducted by Prof. Dr. Anton Dohrn. As
at some future time it may be possible for the Trustees of the Bishop
Museum to establish a similar institution, it was very desirable
to see this the first and greatest. Prof. Dr. Dohrn was nio.st oblig-
ing and exhibited and explained the establishment. Here was first
seen the admirable result of formaldehyde as a preservative for ac-
alephs, polyps, and similar animal strudlures: later its effects on hu-
man bodies were seen in the laboratory of Prof. Dr. Hans Virchow
in Berlin.

Rome was next visited. Here the greatly enlarged Museo
Kircheriano in the Collegio Romano has a verj- large collecflion of
ethnic articles brought together by Government exploring expedi-
tions (voyage of the 'Magenta' , etc. ) and by the Italian missionaries.

6 Florence — Vienna.

Brazil and the region of the Orinoco are especially well represented
and generallj' America, both North and South, takes the lead. The
Pacific Region contributes little of note. From the Hawaiian Is-
lands onh' a lei palaoa, koi, ie kuku, and some kapa. The coarse ka-
pas from Bolivia and the Rio Napo were interesting, and the Mex-
ican feather mosaics and the plumes and feather head-bands from
the Chamacocos del Chico boreale were very beautiful. There was
a fair New Guinea series, also specimens from Micronesia and Fiji,
but nothing not common in other museums. In Florence, owing to
the absence of the Curator, during the Easter holidays, none of the
local colledlions were seen. Since this was written Prof. Dr. Gigli-
oli has kindly sent the two valuable papers he has published* de-
scribing a number of articles from the Pacific that have been in the
Real Museo di Fisica e Storia Naturale at Florence since the end
of the last century; many, if not all of them, from Cook's third V03'-
age. When the famous Paolo Mantegazza founded the Museo Naz-
ionale di Antropologia e di Etnologia, the first of its kind in Italy,
this negledled and almost forgotten collection became the nucleus
of the new museum. In this are the following: —

2 Feather capes. 2 Helmets without feathers. A number of ka-
pas. (Dr. Giglioli quotes full}' from the Preliminar}' Catalogue of
the Bishop Museum.) 2 Lei palaoa. 2 Tortoise-shell bracelets.
Hula drum of coconut wood. 2 Kiipee hoakalakala. 2 Kupee
niho ilio. 2 Stone adzes. 6 Fish-hooks. Kou dish with figure
for handle; resembles Fig 8. 2 Umeke. Ihe or javelins. Dag-
ger, />«//c«. 2 Leiomano. Some good Tongan clubs, baskets,
and nets. The remains of one of the rare Tahitian robes of
ceremony; and other objects of less importance.

In Vienna was found one of the great museums of Europe.
Two palaces separated by an extensive square, in which is the stat-
ue of Maria Theresa, contain the public museums; on one side the
Art colledlions, on the other the Ethnology and Natural History.
The Ethnological colle(5tion, in charge of Dr. Franz Heger, is nobly

* Apunti intorno ad una Collezione Etnografica fatta durante il terzo viaggio di Cook e
conservata sin dalla fine del secolo scorso nel R. Museo di Fisica e Storia Naturale di Firenze.
Studio del Prof. Dott. Enrico Hillyer Giglioli. Firenze 1S93-95.

HofmuscuDi , Vicuna .

Austrian Hofmuseum.

housed and. well arranged, and is especially interesting to us as the
depositary of many of the things brought from the Pacific b}' Cook's
officers. These Cook relics were bought in London in 1806, by the
order of the Emperor Francis II., from the Parkinson and Leverian
colledlions. Sydney Parkinson was artist to Sir Joseph Banks dur-
ing Cook's first voyage. The original inventories of this purchase
were examined but no information of especial interest was obtained.
The purchase was only of curiosities for the imperial cabinet.

The principal things in the kaiserlich-koniglich naturhist-
orische Hofmuseum belonging to this region are: —
Haivaiian Islands.
Feather helmet, red and yellow, a few feathers left. Pi. Ill, Fig. 3.
Another with green body and red and yellow crest, ibid. Fig. 4.
Helmet of wicker-work now without feathers, ibid. V\<g.^. Feather
god, Kukailimoku, red with yellow trimmings, dog teeth and
shell eyes. Pi. IV, Fig. 6. Pyramidal structure of wicker-work
on an oblong base, "a model of a temple oracle", covered with red
feathers, the corners ridged wnth yellow; a door on one of the wide
sides cased with tortoise-shell: height 23^^ inches, ibid. Fig. 7.
Hat of European form once covered with feathers, now greatly di-

Vienna Hofnmsciim.

lapidated. Feather cape, 35 inches in extreme width, of ihvi
with a pattern in j-ellow 00. Feather cape, 40 in. wide, of koae
ula, the upper border black, sides and bottom of cock's feathers,
while above all was an open net of olond nearly one third of the
depth of the cape. Feather cape of similar shape and size, of mix-
ed feathers, among them a few 00. A car^^ed wooden ladle with
anthropomorphic handle. Fig. 8. Implement with a single shark
tooth fixed in the end of an L-shaped handle, a form not in the
Bishop Museum nor known outside a few of the oldest European
museums; apparently common at the time of Cook's visit ( 1778),
and used for wood-candng.* Fig. 9. Shark teeth knife. Fig. 10.

Fig. II.

Crescent-shaped weapon with eight teeth fastened in with two
pegs each, an unusual way. Fig. 11. Tool of kauila wood semi-
circular in form and armed with a single tooth at each end ; it
could be u.sed as a disk -cutter. In several specimens of this tool
seen elsewheret the teeth are attached at right angles to the posi-
tion in the present case which is unique, so far as known. Fig. 12.
All the preceding implements are from Cook. Human hair neck-
lace, niho palaoa, with small niho and few strands. Decorated
water-bottle, Ipii wai pawchc, 12 inches in diameter. Umeke of
wood, flat form. A deep umeke. Umeke with cover. Hula
drum 8 in. diameter. Boar tusk armlet, Kiipee )it/io puaaAviW
size, 5 in. Similar armlet with small teeth 1^4^ in. Two armlets
of wood and bone; one of dog teeth, another of SfroDilms shells.
Anklet, 8 in. square, of dogteeth; one of white shells, another of
black and white shells. 5 Uhuiiaika, good. 4 vStone mirrors, all

* In older times instead of wood a pig's jaw served for handle.
t See especially the illustration of that in the British Museum.

/ 'ionia //ofiN NSi'iiii/ .

but one with holes drilled near the rim. Adz of indurated coral;
one of phonolite, and a second one of the same material with the
original handle. Paddle of common form. 2 Mat bags, square.
Niihau mat of good quality and several other mats. 4 Daggers
with wood handles, sting-ray points, and skin sheaths, are not
Hawaiian, but from Micronesia.

7\^)iga)i Isla)ids.
A number of kapas of most excellent quality and beautiful design.
(Cook.) Pan-pipe of unusual form. Fig. 14.

Society /s/a?ids.
4 Stone pounders, the handles differing in
each one. Fig. 13.

iVciL' Zealand.

r

i

(5

E

L

1

i

1

i

1

)

3;

ts.

\

(
1
\

\

\

y

'

\

1

J

L/

\

1

1

1

Fig. 13. Fig. 14.

Ancient coffin; a hollow log with the end carved in form of a hu-
man head: filled with cleaned bones. Pump-drill, the fly of two
wooden arms bound b}- a bark rim. 12 Heitikis, some fine, others
of unusual form.

Marquesas Islands.
Stone idol about the size and form of one in the Bishop Museum.
Pestle of stone. 2 Clubs of the flat, carved head pattern found
now only in museums. See below under British Museum.

Rapanui (Easter Island ).
Carved wood polyp or cuttle-fish. Two wood blocks covered
with hieroglyphs. Wooden images; 4 lean male, 3 fat male, and
6 female. Talking-stick, old, with very large head: 8 others
with human heads, fine. Carved bird of strange form. 3 Obsidian
spear or dagger points. 2 Black feather head-bands: 3 of cock's
feathers. 2 fish-hooks of bone in two pieces bound together at
the base.

lO I ^i Clin a Hofmiiscum .

Manihiki ( Paiimotu Group).
Paddles of coconut wood inlaid with small pearl-shell disks: this
ornamentation being chara(5teristic of this island.

He7vey Islands.
Delicate, lace-like mat, the braids rCvSembling human figures. A
similar mat was afterwards found in Weber's colle(5tion at Berne
undoubtedly Tongan. The}- were used in barter.

N'eiv Giiinea.
Cuirass of Calamus rotang . 6 Pan-pipes; one of them with 24,
the rest with 13 reeds. 2 Coffins of canoe form with covers.
2 Gourd whistles like the Hawaiian Ipu hokiokio, with 3 holes.
Spears tipped with cassowary bone were labelled "lyauka".

The feather work from Brazil was chiefly yellow, black, and
red, strings of feathers, not on net-work, and greatly resembling the
Hawaiian lei. Feather sceptres from the Mandurucu were beauti-
ful, but the so-called cloak of Montezuma surpassed them all. This
was formerly in the Ambras colle(5tion and was figured, *described,
and repaired by the late Baron von Hochstetter formerly Dire(5tor
of this museum; and it has since been the subject of much discus-
sion as to its original intention, whether head-dress, ensign, or cloakt;
but its form indicates the first. A broad fringe of Quetzal feathers
( Pharomacrus niocinno ) shows its royal characfter: with these are the
wonderful turquoise-blue feathers of the Xiuhtototl ( Colinga cinda
or ccci'ulea). A feather fan of the same origin described and fig-
ured+ by Herr Custos Heger is 26^ inches in diameter and hardly
less beautiful. A shield of feather mosaic is also here.

The staff of this museum is large, and the ground-floor con-
tains a village of work and store rooms opening into interior courts.
Visitors on public holidays crowd the vast halls to the great dis-
comfort of those who wish to see anything, the throng being so great
that the police have to move it in one direction only. Much kind

"* Ueber mexikanische Reliquien aus der Zeit Montezuma's in der k.k.Ambraser Samni-
lung in den Denkschriften der philosophisch-historischen Classe der kaiserlich Akadeniie
der Wissenschaften in Wien, Bd. xxxv (1SS4).

t Zelia Nuttall. Standard or Head-dress ? Archseological and ethnological Papers of
the Peabody Museum, Harvard University, Vol. i. No. i.

% Altmexikanische Reliquien aus dem Schloss Ambras in Tirol. [Annalen des k.k.nat-
urhistorischen Hofmuseums, Band vii, Heft 4. Wien 1S92.]

J 'ii-iiiia — Mioiii/i .

II

assistance was received from the distinguished Direcftor both in ex-
amining" specimens and in procuring photographs and plates.

In the museum of Erzherzog Franz Ferdinand, at the time in
process of arrangement by Herr Heger for public exhibition in one
of the ducal palaces, are many fine things from New Caledonia ob-
tained by H. R. H. the Archduke during a recent cruise in the Pa-
cific Ocean. Among the objects were many spears, arrows, and clubs
in piles and not accessible, and the following: —

N'ew Ca/cdoii ia .
2 Death-masks and several car^^ed wood faces
for the same. Used at the funeral of a Chief.
Many fiat disk greenstone clubs with wooden
handles and in some a rattle at the hand end.
The disks often 8 to lo inches in diameter and
well polished. Fig. 15. Club of common form,
but with a curved handle not seen elsewhere, see
Fig. 16. A conical implement of greenstone
bound with a cord handle. Fig. 17. Jade beads
both spherical and cylindrical. Many spears and
arrows. 2 Adzes of jade set in a solid head in
one piece with the handle. Fig. 18. Many ord-
Fig. 15. inary adzes from

New Guinea and the Solomon Is-
lands. Many fine things from
eastern Asia.

Fig. 18. Fig. 17. Fig. 16.

In the Natural History Department of the Vienna Mu-
seum is a fine series of Dinornis bones.

12 Munich.

Munich was next visited. Here the konigliche ethnologis-
che Museum is in the charge of the well-known scientist and trav-
eler Dr. Max Biichner. The Bavarian capital is famous for its pub-
lic buildings but many of them are only archite(5tural displays with
little capacity or convenience between the walls, and in one of these
is housed the Bavarian Ethnological Museum. This is especiall}^
rich in Chinese and Japanese material, but there are also not a few
good things from the Pacific Region, as follows: —
Haivaiian Islands.
Feather helmet, rather small, of the usual red and yellow feathers
with a narrow, v-shaped black stripe on the sides. Feather cape
of red with a narrow band of yellow fOoJ; apparently a fragment.
Idol of wood with a crest or niahiole: another about 24 in. high
but probably of modern make. These figures were given by Dr.
Behrends, formerly a resident on Maui. 5 Ulumaika. 2 Poi
pounders. 2 Leiomano of ordinary 4-tooth form; 2 with one
tooth each. Kukui nut candle 15 inches long. Ipu wai paiuehe.
Lei palaoa, small, of bone with a few unbraided strands. I^ei of
dog teeth. 3 Pa' u hula, modern. Anklet of dog teeth, small.

The New Guinea colledtion is good: in it are several fine
long wooden dishes. There are many carved masks from New
Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago; inlaid bowls, etc., from the
Solomon Islands; and a Maori mokocd head and several carvings.
From Matty Island in the Admiralty Group were wood dishes,
hatchets, and weapons of peculiar and good workmanship.

The method of making shell-money is clearly shown . The
white disks are chipped from Conns, the purple from Cyprcra shells,
both by means of an oblong pebble rounded at both ends. Each
disk is bored separately by the ordinary pump-drill armed with a
quartz splint. Some 200 of these perforated disks are strung on a
palm leaf midrib and rolled between fiat stones until circular. The
arm-rings of Tridacna shell are said to be cut with large bambu
secftions armed with sand. Many articles from New Guinea have,
since 1890, been made for export, Dr. Biichner saj's. The private
colledtion of the painter Gabriel Max is rich in spears, clubs, and

Dresden . 1 7

stone adzes. There are also five mokoed Maori heads. In the
owner's absence, Dr. Biichner showed me this extensive nniseuni.
Zoologische und anthropologisch-ethnologische Museums zu
Dresden. This museum is poorlj- housed in the upper storey of a
long colonnade. To get at it at present one has to go through the
Natural History Gallery, upstairs and then down stairs, to cross an
archway, and then up stairs again. Under the direcflorship of Drs.
A. B. Meyer and M. Uhle the publications have been many and very
valuable, but the arrangement of the museum did not seem conven-
ient for study. In one ca.se were jade articles — Maori heitikis and
meres beside Mandarins' balls and New Caledonian beads.
Micronesia.
Model of a Marshall Islands Mede or chart. Armor suit of coco-
nut fibre with the rare form from the Gilbert Islands; 3 suits of
common form. Shark tooth implement from Nawodo quite sim-
ilar in form to the Hawaiian but distinguishable by a single trans-
verse ridge on the handle. See Fig. 58; upper right hand.

Fiji.
12 Throwing clubs; 12 Musket clubs; 4 Knobbed; i Pine-apple;
I Cylindrical*. Model of temple in sennit. 2 War-paddles.

New Caledonia.
Greenstone disk club. 2 Death masks. 3 Nephrite clubs.

Nezv Zealand.
3 Jade heitikis. 3 Jade nieies, a very fine one given by Dr. Julius
Haast. Kiwi feather cloak. 2 Paddles, common form. 4 Patu
of carv^ed wood, new. Bone patu. Greenstone patu. Carv^ed
slab with three men and two dragons. Ca.st of an heitiki in the
Freiburg museum .

Marquesas Isla^ids.
Club of choice old form: see illustration under British Museum.

Hervey Islands.
5 Canned paddles from Mangaia. Ceremonial adz, inferior.

*The Vitian clubs have been classified, for convenience in cataloguing:, into these divisions:
Throwing, short, slim handles with heavy lobed knobs; native Via. D PI. vii.

Knobbed, straight bodj- with knobs of the wood or human teeth or bone. A "
Pine-apple, tuberculated top bent at an angle to the stout shaft. B "

Musket, the head flattened and bent like the butt of a gun. F "

I/Otus, like the preceding but without the shoulder. C "

Cylindrical, often carved or bound with sennit; sometimes verj' large. E "

These illustrations are taken from specimens in the Bishop Museum.

1 4 Dirsdoi — Berlin .

Aiistralia.
7 Zauberholz or bewitching sticks. 22 Nulla null as and zcaddies.
5 W^(7w;;;rr« or spear-throwing sticks. 13 Shields. 8 Hammers.
Small bark canoe. 2 Pump-drills. 6 Breast shells, decorated.
Stone knife for Mika operation. Boomerangs in great number.

New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago .
Dancing masks, a fine series. Strings of shell money. Money
chains. 8 Rattan nooses used by head hunters ( Fl}' River ?).
2 Carved figures. Can-ed drum (S.New Guinea); another with
shell rattlers; 3 of common form. Star club with eleven points
to the stone star; another with four points. Many and good
chalk images from New Ireland. Large series
of charms from Hermit Ids., usually a lower hu-
man jaw corded, and decorated with feather and
stick pendants. 2 Adzes with jade blades. Fig.
19. From New Britain, carved wood images; 2
pump-drills with stick for fly; carved wood fig-
ure, life size (8096); 8 Masks of the frontal por-
tion of human crania dressed with gum; 3 lower
jaws; Bailer with handle joined to back and bot-
tom. From the Samoan and Solomon Ids. not
much of interest: from the Hawaiian Ids. noth-
ing was seen.
Fig. 19.

Of the Berlin Museum f iir Volkerkunde Prof. Dr. A. Bastian
(who visited these islands some years ago) is the learned Dire(5lor,
and Dr. Felix von lyuschan the Curator of the Department of Africa
and Polynesia. This, if not the only purely ethnological museum
in the world, is certainly the largest, best housed, and organized.
The new building is convenientl}' situated, large, and well-lighted,
yet so vigorous is the administration, that it has already become too
small for the vast colledtions within its walls and there are already
plans for a considerable extension. The admirable organization
of a Direcftor with five Curators of Departments, a fiscal commission
to attend to all money matters, artists, volunteer assistants and at-
tendants making a roll of some fifty persons, permits the Director to
go on expeditions sometimes lasting two years while the machinery

BcrU)i Mil scion fi'ir J'd/kcrkuiidc.

15

Fig. 20. Berlin Ethnological Museum.

runs on without disturbance. Besides the necessary Curators' ap-
partnients there is a good leclure room where the Berlin Anthro-
pological Society and other scientific bodies hold meetings, several
of which it was my privilege to attend. Kaiser Wilhelm II. is per-
sonally interested in the museum and, as Berlin is now the scientific
centre of Europe, the future growlh seems assured. The cases are
of iron and glass (many of the .shelves also of glass), and although
very secure have not an attracftive appearance; the mechanism re-
quires two keys to unlock. For detached cases they are suitable,
and estimates of their cost were obtained from the makers.

In such an immense collection it will be impossible to notice
here matters beyond the Pacific Region, but within that limit toler-
ably full lists will be given. The Hawaiian, enriched by the col-
ledlion of Dr. Edward Arning of Hamburg (who is well remember-
ed in Honolulu), has been most carefully catalogued, and the con-

1 6 Berlin Museu7n fur Vblkei'kiaide.

stant kindness of Dr. von Luschan permitted the examination of

ever}' article.

Hazvaiiaji Islands.
Feather cloak 51 in. long mostly red with yellow crescents. This
is displa3'ed on a figure supposed to represent an Hawaiian but
this is not a success. Feather cape 16 in. long in middle, 9 in. at
the front edge; red ground with 3'ellow border, triangles, and cres-
cents*. Cape 14 in. long, yellow ground and red semicrescents
and triangles. Helmet with traces of feathers. Helmet with
yellow crest and traces of red and- black feathers. Helmet red
with black stripe at the base of crest, which is capped with yel-
low; two stripes on left side. Helmet without feathers but with
a crest of five pedunculated disks. Kukailimoku with reddish
human hair. 2 Hula drums of gourd. Drum of coconut wood;
another with head and more elaborate carving. Ukcke, a poor
specimen. 3 Bambu time-beaters ( Ohc hula puili ) . Gourd ipic
hokiokio; another of coconut. 4 Rattles of gourd with feathers;
one without. 2 Nose flutes. Coconut drum. 3 Stone cups.
12 Sling stones rw««^, good. Kua olona. Club of rude form
with cord attached. Stone weapon of double conical form. 2
Hala pillows. 5 pair of sandals of various material. Hat block
of coconut wood. Polishing stones. Kua kuku for beating ka-
pa. 23 le kuku or kapa beaters. 53 Ohe kapapala or bambu
stamps for printing kapa. 3 Hohoa or round kapa beaters. 4
Bambu ruling pens. 2 Koa surf -boards about eight feet long.
4 Paddles without ihu . Canoe god with four heads and shell
eyes. 3 Squid hooks complete, one with wooden, two with metal
points. 5 Hala fi.sh-baskets. 2 Laau melomclo or bait sticks.
Fish-hook of two pieces of bone bound together at the base; [see
I^ig- 39-] 2 of ivory, single barb; 3 of pearl-.shell; 7 of tortoise-
shell. Fi.shing whip. 2 Shrimp (^/>ad') traps. Netting appara-
tus complete. Wood shark hook with bone point. Idol of wood
with hair carved in form of a wig. Image kneeling ( Dr. Arning) ,
the only one known from Hawaii in this odd positiont. PI. VIII.
Idol, small, unfinished. 2 Idols of rough tree stems. Image of

* Hawaiian feather work is briefly noticed in this Report as full descriptions and illus-
trations will be published in another form.

t The late king Kalakaua considered this figure a representation of Papa the first wom-
an of Hawaiian mythology, but was at a loss to explain the posture; it must be remembered
that, like Eve, Papa did not behave with perfedt propriety and this may record her repent-
ance, although we are not assured that Adam's disobedient wife ever repented.

Bc)li)i J//(sc'n/// fur I'dlkcrkioidc.

17

bread-fruit, without arms or legs, the long and slim body stuck
full of pegs of coconut wood. 4 Idols of carved wood, small.
3 Rude stone idols. Idol of lava melted over coral rock*. Idol
of lava rudely carved. Large stone nicmbniDi virile. 2 Stone
figures! formerly at Kahuku, Oahu: one represents a European,
(Spanish?) and was anciently in Manoa Valley ; the other is an
ordinary idol. Pis. IX.& X. Curious wooden figure with white
pig bristles arranged like a shoe-brush on the head. Sample of
olona netting for feather- work. 3 Wooden dishes for roast pig.
Fish dish 15 inches long, handles at the ends. Umeke, round;
one hexagonal, well made; one large, fiat; another long, flat. Ipu
holoi lima of unusual shape. Fig. 21 . 2 Ipu
aina. 4 ^/^ /v^/;a (spit-boxes) . 7 Decorat-
ed water-bottles, fine. Umeke paivehc.
Hucwai puco pau'ehe,sr):va.\\. [Same form is
found in Cambodia.] Huew^ai pueo small,
plain. 5 Koko niu, of commoners. 6 Koko Fig- 21.

puupuic, mostl)' of olona or waoke and niu. 3 Auamo or
bearing-sticks. Ipu hanohano gourd syringe. Ihe pake 42 in.
long. Ihe pahe short and thick, with cord. Slender stick label-
led 'Ihe pahe'? Bow 6 ft. long with ends cut for string: not Ha-
waiian although a similar bow^ in the British Museum is so at-
tributed. Leiomano with six shark teeth fastened in with pegs.
Implement with one shark tooth fastened with three cords; one
fastened with two cords. 5 Pandanus fans, common form.

3 Kauila wood implements for carv-
ing. Fig. 22. 2 Boards for mak-
ing pa'u and malo. Cleaner for
pa'u boards, fine, but broken at the
ends. 22 Koi pahoa and 21 frag-
ments of stone adzes. 9 Koi pahoa
Fig. 22. of small size. 4 Koi pahoa with

handles. Stone chisel, fine. Iron adz with handle. 2 Grind-
stones, small. 12 Stone lamps. Fig. 23. Stone club. Stone
pestle. 6 Long strings of kukui nuts for candles. 8 Niho pala-
oa; one with coarse braid; another with twisted hair and small
niho. 3 Lei of bone beads, some spiral. Kupee niho ilio. Lei
viokihana. l^&i oi Abjitilon capsules; ■t^ oi Coix lachry77ia; i of

* The Hawaiians delighted in making auniakuas of unusual forms or combinations,
t By the kindness of Dr. Bastian this Museum has received good casts of both figures.
O.P.— B.P.B.M. B

Berlin Museum fur Vblkerkundc.

Abrus precatorius; i of kuktii nuts cut polyhedral; i of dog's
teeth; i of red and white Pedlen valves; i of Niihau shells; i of
these shells and Erythrina seeds. 9 Bone bosses for armlets.
Tatauing instruments and stone cup for ink. 4 Stone mirrors,
some with holes drilled. Bone comb. 2 Cup and Ball, one with
kapa, the other with coconut ball. 15 Ulumaika, ordinary.

8 Ulumaika, rough. 6 Rounded
stones for cooking. 6 Models of
grass houses. Bow and Arrows
for mice, newly made. 2 Poha-
kii puka kill poi. 8 Poi pound-
ers, common form; another of
coral rock. Pohaku kiii noni.
2 Laaii lomilomi. 3 Holua run-
Fig. 23' ners. Pololu of usual form; an-
other with barbs. L,arge stone Canoe-breaker bound with cord.
Kauila wedge with cord for canoe building. Koa canoe about
15 ± ft. long, with wilizvili outrigger strengthened by wood cleats
on each side: ama sewed on and its ends sewed with stitches alike
on both sides. 2 Teetotums of kukui nut. Many specimens
of modern straw braid. Awa root. Kapas of common kinds.

New Caledonia.
17 Clubs of the usual forms. 6 Stone clubs; i of jade; another
of great size. 21 Clubs bird-head shape. 11 Star clubs of wood.
29 Spears. 30 Arrows. 6 Slings with pouches and stones.
3 Arrows for fish, 3-4 prongs. 2 Bows of wood; 14 of bambu dec-
orated. 2 Bird arrows with blunt heads. 5 Adzes mounted.
7 Cord dresses, common; 6 white; 4 of leaf. 6 Death masks.
lyadder pole with projedling bosses. 6 Large figures carved on
flat slabs. 3 Paddles, heart-shaped blades. 3 House models.
6 Pandanus fans like Hawaiian but with rounded corners. Pot
for suspension; i 26 ± in. high; 2 smaller ones. 3 House mod-
els. 3 Poles strung with Triton shells. 4 Carved human fig-
ures. 3 Canoe models. 3 Carved slabs [shields?]. 2 Bailers.
3 Double strings of round jade beads. 2 Pump-drills. 4 Bam-
bu combs quarter segment. 5 Braid-covered calabashes. 6 Bas-
kets. 5 Basket bags. 3 Beaters of round wood. 2 Hatchets of
wood with large white blades.

Nciv Zealand.
2 Dried human heads with moko. Canoe prow of ancient form.

Berlin Muscuvi fur ]"dlkcrkundc .

19

Stern post of canoe very narrow. Modeled figure with cloak of
flax, heitiki, staff and mere. 3 Pare or door-caps, large and fairlj-^
car\'ed. 2 Carved kumete for feathers, etc. Side po.st of door.
4 Tikis, one a female with lizard. Carved funnel for feeding a
Chief while undergoing nioko. Portion of carv^ed canoe prow.
Grindstone, large. 2 Jade heitikis. Jade earring. 2 Hammer
stones. 9 Jade adzes. 33 Greenstone adzes. 2 Greenstone
meres. 2 Meres of wood, plain; 7 carved.
3 Jade meres ; i of carv^ed bone ; 6
of plain bone. 2 Clubs, carved. 2 Flax
pounders of stone. 4 Carved wood
walking sticks. Tata of medium size.
Model of canoe. 3 Paddles, plain; 3
carved. 12 Taiaha or Chief's .staff.
6 Tewhatewha or Battle axes.
Rapanui (Easter Island ).
3 Human figures, one remarkably fine.
9 Images of inferior quality. 4 Lizards.
2 Moi. 2 'Talking-sticks' of ordinary
form and size; another very old, showing
the human head. Fig. 24, A-B.
Stone head. 6 Head-rings of feathers. 7 Obsidian lance-
heads; another mounted on a long staff. 3 Large stone adzes.
3 Curiously carved paddles with groove at small end for attach-
ing the awkward handle. 2 Crescent-shaped gorgets.

Samoan Islands.
7 Canoe models. 2 Gongs of wood, trough-form, 60 in. long, 61

Fig- 25.
in. girth. 2 Grindstones. Fans galore. Awa bowl of peculiar
tripod form. Fig. 25. 7 Small awa bowls. 3 Combs. 5 Kapa
beaters. 3 fy/!>^/^ for printing kapa. 6 Stone adzes with handles;
55 without. 26 War clubs of various but not unusual forms.

20 Berlin Museum fur Volkerkioide.

2 Throwing clubs. 4 Carved spears. 2 Shell bands. 7 Awa
cups of coconut shell. 3 Pandanus mats fine texture; several
coarser. 2 All or bambu pillows. 2 Bed mats of white Hibiscus
fibre. Upete of wood. Round basket, good workmanship.
Mat long and narrow for the game of Lafoga which is played by
casting tupc or circular pieces of coconut shell. The mat is
from 15 to 20 feet long and less than a foot wide.

Society Islands.
6 Fish-hooks of wood and bone; 2 of bone with tortoise-shell barb
and back. 2 Poi pounders. 3 Stone adzes mounted; 4 without
handles. 5 Adzes of shell mounted. 2 Gorgets like that shown
on Plate II. Ornament of pearl-shell plates. Drum 7 in. diam-
eter, tall, with braids of sennit to tighten the head. 2 Drums of
wood similar to the Hawaiian. Bailer. Fan (See PI. XIII).

Tongan Islands.
18 Combs of tisual form. Pillow of wood. 2 Pan pipes. Belt
of human hair ( Samoan?). 5 Stone adzes and another mounted.

2 Baskets of dark material, one long the other round. Upete for
printing kapa. 2 Spears barbed. Club carved; 4 plain clubs.

Marquesas Islands.
4 Clubs finely carved. 2 Stilt-rests. 2 Triton shell trumpets.
Pearl shell with tortoise-shell ornament.

Hervey Islajids.

3 Paddles carved, rosette handles; 3 with square, flat, handles;
all from Mangaia.

Paunwtit Islands.
2 Canoe models, double, inlaid with pearl-shell: Manihiki. Curi-
ous wooden pillow. Kapa beater 2 in. square, 2 ft. long; an-
other 3 in. square, 15 in. long.

Fiji.
27 Common forms of potter3\ 21 Clubs musket form, 3 decorat-
ed with shells; 18 throwing; 10 round; 14 knobbed; 6 pine-apple,
one very small. 11 Spears finely carved. 2 War - paddles,
Paddle with shovel blade: 4 others carved. 2 Carved lances,

.short and barbed. 3 Kapa beaters, one handle carved. 3 Wood
shark hooks. Head covering of netted rushes tipped with feath-
ers. 5 Ornaments of whale teeth; 2 more with the teeth halved.

4 Necklaces of cachelot teeth; 3 with filed teeth. Man)^ fringe
dresses. 4 Yaqona bowls. Oval yaqona bowl on four legs.

5 Fans mostly of whole palm leaves. Oil dish with carved sup-

Berlin Museum fur Volkcrkundc. 21

port; another semicircular. 3 Cannibal forks. Carved wooden
spoon. Turtle bone scoop. 2 Food hooks of odd forms. Many
kapa sulas. Human figure 30 in. high, carved wood, round face.
4 Wooden pillows.

Micronesia.
Chisels of Mitra shell. Daggers of bambu. Stool of wood in-
laid with bone. Helmet of coconut braid conical in form 15 in.
high. 3 Round, car\^ed, wood boxes. 6 Carved wood figures.
Fire plow quite like the Hawaiian. 2 Rasps of wood covered
with sunfish skin. House model from Kusaie (Finsch 1883).
Shell tripod dish. Bundles of preserved food and man}' of the
common shell ornaments, belts, earrings, etc.

Hermit Islands.
2 Wooden food troughs; one 8)^ ft., the other 6 ± ft. long, with
well carved internal handles. Large flat dish of dark wood.
2 Bailers with handle attached to the bottom. 6 Carved canoe
prows, one quite large. 15 Human lower jaw amulets. 4 Canoe
models. 12 Wood pins beautifully carved. 2 Carved wood
fishes. 2 Wooden dishes with handles and obtuse ends; 6 similar
ones but with car\'ed, pointed, ends. 4 Wooden bowls, two of

them small and like those from the Admiralty Group. 5 Shell

Fig. 26.

adzes. Fig. 26. 2 Wooden ladles with human figures. Carved
adz-handle (Maori form). Kapas coarse and slightly beaten.

7 Combs; three of them with bearded human heads. Fish hooks
of single piece of shell, decorated, but of rough finish and with-
out barbs.

Admiralty Islands.
45 Obsidian head lances. 10 Gourd decorated lime boxes, hour-
glass shape. 3 Wooden bowls carved in form of birds; 2 smaller
ones of same form but light wood. Globular bowls red pottery.
Wooden bowl on four legs; a smaller one with car\'ed handles.

22 Berlin Museum fiir I 'dlkerkunde.

3 Bailers the ends of handles phallic*. C^'lindrical wood gong
3 ft. long, slit lengthwise, projedling handles at the ends, carved
decorations over the handles: Fig. 37 shows the form. 4 Oval
wooden bowls; 2 similar with finely carved handles. Bead belt
wdth 14 strands. Canoe model outriggered. 5 L,ances carved.

8 Obsidian daggers. 8 Daggers carved, sting-ray points. Adz
of obsidian. lyarge wooden food bowl. 5 lyadles with carved
handles. 3 Obsidian axes, one with carved handle.

Nezv Hebrides.
2 Large human figures of rushes (?) with skulls or frontal bones,
painted. 6 Knobbed (star) clubs of dark wood. 4 Spears with
single point and carved head; 4 with many barbs carv^ed; 3 with
many points of sting-ray. 13 Bows. 6 Clubs spindle pattern.
Arrows with bluish points. Net pig-catcher. 3 Pan pipes with
6,7, and 17 reeds. Car^^ed oval wooden bowl 20 inches long.

2 lyong basket-work cones with seed capsule rattles at the apex.
Small rush figure with extended arms and fingers. 2 Decorated
caps for festivals. 4 Earthen pots; 2 of them from Santo.

Solomon Islands.

9 Clubs covered with fern stem braid. 11 Paddle-clubs of dark
wood; 15 of light wood. 5 Longiels. 4 Dance longiels. 5 Arm
guards of coiled vine. 35 Stone axes. 2 Shields of wood, 2 of
reeds, and i braided, plain. 12 Carved canoe figures. 20 Carved
dance figures. 18 Dance paddles, common; 12 with carved
tops. Pump-drill with cylindrical fly. 2 War belts. Arrows
galore. Canoe model inlaid. 2 Women's dresses of white cord.
2 Car\'ed wood human images with turban-like head ornaments.
Club of flat, rhomboidal form. 2 Masks inlaid. 4 Earthen pots.
18 Bows. 7 Canoe-heads inlaid with pearl-shell. Food bowl in-
laid, family size; another smaller. Human figure on frame. 2
Human heads car\-ed on a base. Double-headed human figure
inlaid. Braided comb. 3 Large wooden mortars from Shortland
Island, the largest 30 in. high exclusive of ground peg. 3 Bunches
of white Helix shells used as rattles. 7 Decorated coconut
and bambu water-bottles. 9 Woven baskets or bags. 18 Stone
adzes. 9 Baskets of rattan, 2 with handles. 8 Hair-pins with
human figure carv'ed on the top. 13 Lime boxes of bambu dec-
orated. 19 Lime-boxes of gourd engraved. Large pan-pipe —

* The handles of old Maori tatai, or bailers are often phallic.

Berlin — Copcnhaocn. 23

less than 30 in. — with 12 reeds. More than fifty red and yellow
woven armlets of artistic patterns.

N^czv Guinea & Bismarck Archipelago.
An immense colledtion impossible to enumerate here. It is
perhaps the best in any museum, as one would expecT: from the very
extensive interests of the German Government in this region. Of
the more remarkable objecfts are the following: —

II Shields, heavy, can-ed wood. 10 Shields similar but rec5tan-
gular. 8 Decorated shields of wood curved horizontally; 14 sim-
ilar but curved vertically. 2 Wooden shields from Friedrich
Wilhelm's L,and. 7 Carved wood shields with arm notch at top.
3 Hour-glass shields covered with braided rattan. 10 Stone disk
clubs. Stone star club. Club with triangular stone head.
6 Knobbed clubs. 2 Pump-drills. 6 Carv-ed wood pillows. 11
Stone adzes mounted. 14 Drums with lizard skin heads and fiat
bases; 2 similar with mitre-shaped bases. 2 Pan-pipes with 24
reeds from New Hanover; 2 similar pipes from the same locality
with 20 and 21 reeds each. From New Ireland, 12 Masks of hu-
man frontal bones; 25 Stone
ball clubs; War gong, a hol-
low c^dinder 49 in. long and
69 in. in circumference, with a
longitudinal slit two inches
wide; 27 Chisel-like adzes of
greenstone; 21 Chalk images,
some of great size*. 2 Wood

floats for shark fishing. Fig. Fig. 28.

27, PL VI. Wooden fiddle from New Britain. Fig. 28. 6 Shell
collars flat on the fibre, same locality. 2 Mummies of children!
from Torres Strait. 7 Tortoise-shell masks, same localit}-. Tri-
ton trumpet. Dukduk costume. 7 Matrimonial nut signals. 8
Wooden clubs, cones at both ends. 26 Small greenstone adzes.
Bags decorated with Coix seeds. Slings like Hawaiian, Kaiser
Wilhelm Land. Pan-pipes with 9 reeds, lower ends fibre bound.
Lime boxes of gourd and coconut shell. Shell crescents. Etc.
Nationalmuseet den Ethnografiske Samling Kjobenhavn.

* In these images the abiiorinal developement of a certain part is not entirely native, but
arises from a desire to secure a market with foreign sailors and traders.

t This seems a favorite disposal of the dead on Darnley Island and elsewhere in this reg-
ion. They are not very well mummyfied and without additional preparation will not keep.

24 Copenhagen.

From Berlin the route was via Warnemunde and Gjedser to Cop-
enhagen. During the winter the museum is opened only one day
each week and, unfortunately, this day was selecfted by H.R.H.the
Duke of York and party, as w^ell as by your Diredlor, to visit the
colledlions: hence it happened that the accomplished Curator was
not available, and, although he said he would send an attendant to
open the cases, the contents had to be examined through glass, —
the only time this occured after leaving Rome. This was the first
museum where a printed catalogue was found and, although this
was in Danish, it was not difficult to interpret with the numbered
objecfts before one. In the Hawaiian case were several things not
belonging to this Group, among them a poi pounder ( of gypsum )
from Micronesia: while a fine ring pounder (pohaku puka) of un-
doubted Hawaiian origin was found in the Mexican division label-
led "Corn grinder". It should be said that there is a very similar
Mexican stone implement used for that purpose. The following
were noteworthy: —

Hawaiian Islands.
Feather cloak 57^ in. long, red with yellow border at base and
yellow triangles at edges, but so hung that the back is invisible.
Feather cape of yellow with dark green crescents and red spots
on neck and edges; fine specimen. Cape red with yellow ornam-
ents; slightly smaller than the last but both were too far behind
the glass to be measured. Helmet in fair condition. Pair Ku-
pee ilio. 2 Kahilis with bone and tortoise-shell handles 6 ft. long

2 Ulumaika. Stone mir-
ror Yz in. thick labelled
"Maika". 7 Stone adzes,
one of largest size : 2 more
with handles. 3 Lei niho
Fig. 29 palaoa. 2 Pohaku kui

poi common form, i Pohaku puka. 2 Pa'u boards. Cleaner for
these boards. Fig. 29. 5 Kapa beaters. 6 Ohe kapalapala,
one with ca stamp. Another had a very unusual pattern, see

Fig. 30. on next page about double size. 3 Huewai pa-

wehe. Umeke, small. String of kukui nuts for candle. 3 Kii-
pce of bone or whale tooth and one of pipipi shells ( Nerita polita).

CopniliagcH.

25

4 Fish hooks of pearl-shell and ea. 2 Triton shell trnmpets.

Implement of h'ani/a wood with a shark tooth at each end for
engraving or carving-. Fig. 32. [Compare Fig. 22. page 17.]
Idol, rnde carving, about 3 ft. high and 3 in. diameter. Koko

Fig. 30.

puupuu. 6 Kapas of good quality. 3 Kapas of very modern
pattern, one with bunches of red and black leaves, another with
"palms". Fig. 31.
Jl/arqiu'sas Islands.

3 Stilt rests, poor canning. 2 Clubs, good. Group of two figures
12 inches high carved in wood united by the back of their heads,
the middle wrapped in white kapa. 2 Paddles.

Hcrvcy Islands.
6 Carved paddles. 7 Ceremonial adzes, 2 quite small; Mangaia.
Society Islands.

4 Wooden bowls, long and pointed, the longest 40 in., carved on

Fig- 31

Fig. 32.

the rim. Wooden pillow 40 in. long, with 4 legs. 5 Stone
adzes, one of them mounted. I^arge kapa beater. Stone chisel.
Kapas stamped with fern leaves in red. Tatuing comb and rod
beater. Wooden box or gong 43 in. long. Wooden seat disli-
form. Human hair girdle (Samoan?).

Samoan Islarids.
Kava bowl. 14 Siapo (kapa), ordinary patterns. Upete, small.
10 Stone adzes, one mounted. White hibiscus fibre mat. Red
mat. 2 Nautilus shell frontlets. 3 Combs. 3 Fans. 2 Spears.
4 Fish hooks with braided lines. 2 Clubs, narrow.

26 Copenhagen.

Rapanni.
7 Obsidian lance heads. Figure can-ed in wood. 2 Clubs with
uman heads. Feather head-rings.

New Caledonia.
3 Bird-bill clubs. 14 Knob clubs. 4 Adzes with short handles.
Fig. 33. Death mask in fragments. 2 Sling pouches. 15 Sling
stones. I Sling cord. Jade and wood club or axe. Fig. 34.

Fig. ZZ. Fig. 34.

Jade disk club. Human figure in wood life size; another, small
( membriun virile longnm). Wooden baby in box. Carved male
figure well done. Car^-ed demon (?) 24 in. high.

Fiji.
15 vStone adzes." 3 Adzes with handles. Shell adze (Micrones-
ian or Samoan). 2 Yaqona bowls. 6 Pots of common form.
Pottery bowl. 2 Pottery jars of unusual form. Wooden bowl
15 ± in. diameter. Oil dish on stand. Cannibal fork. 2 Fans.
Food-hook. Tatuing tools. 2 Whale tooth ornaments. Neck-
lace of cachelot teeth; another of filed teeth. Common pillow.
2 Carved wood pillows. 13 Clubs musket form; 4 pine-apple; 7
knobbed; 10 round; 14 throwing. 6 War-paddles. 5 Spears
carved. House model. 3 Kapa beaters. Upete of wood 60 in.
long, 12 wide. Canoe model. Fish spear. 3 Human figures
(fern stem ?) with whale teeth ornaments. 4 Shell necklaces;
another of human teeth (cannibal trophy ? ). Satchel, long.

New Zealand .
Dried human head mokoed ( Et tatoveret Mandshoved ). Tiki
50 in. high, usual three fingers. 2 Carved house slabs. Carv^ed
covered kumete 26 in. long. 4 Mere of bone; 5 of greenstone;
2 of wood, plain; i of carved wood. 29 Greenstone adzes; 12
of jade. 3 Trumpets, carved wood, 15 in. long. 2 bone flutes,

Copenhaoen — Hamburg . 27

modern. Tiki of two men one above the other. Taiaha. Flax
pounder of stone. Canoe model ( Krigskano ). Tewhatewha
Cape of flax ( Phormiuni ). 6 Heitikis of jade. 5 Jade earrings
and fragments. 2 Cloaks of flax. Small old kumete. 3 Fish-
hooks bone and shell. 2 Shark hooks. War-canoe prow.

Tongan Isla7ids.
Awa bowl 31 in. in diameter. 11 Carved clubs. 2 Bambu fi.sh
spears. Wood pillow, usual form. Sling, well made.

New Hebrides.

6 Spindle-form clubs. 5 Knobbed clubs. Carved figure, paint-
ed. Other common things.

Solomon Islands.
Bows and arrows galore. Carved figure. 2 Human figures in
wood. Arm coil. Plaited shield. 4 lyongiels. 2 Paddles. 6
Dance clubs. Spears many, some with cassowary bone tips. 5
Combs. 3 Carved bowls, fine. Tindalo or ring god. 3 Adzes.
2 Canoe ends decked with Ovuhim shells. Pan pipe. 3 Belts
of shell beads. 2 Shell disk frontlets with tortoise-shell carvings.
2 Plain shell disks.

N^ew Ireland.
5 Male human figures in chalk.

New Britain.

7 Ma.sks. 2 Slings. 3 Paddles and the common carved figures.

Admiralty Islands.
2 Human figures. 7 Obsidian head lances. Obsidian dagger
with well-carved human figure for handle; a fine specimen. 2
Lime boxes of gourd. Bailer for canoe. Penis cover, engraved
shell of Ovid Kill ovum.

From Copenhagen via Korsor and Kiel to Hamburg. The
Volkerkunde Museum is on the upper floor of the Natural History
Museum, a large building well fitted and arranged. Herren C. W.
lenders and Hagen have charge of the Ethnological colle(5lions.

Eastern Asia claims the larger portion: the arrangement of
the Polynesian portion is rather incomplete and confusing, and al-
though there is insufficient room several loan colledlions are crowd-
ed in. A part of the Godeffro}- Museum has here found a home,
another part was found in the shop of the dealer Umlauff. Herr
lyUders was very obliging in pointing out what was of most interest

28 Hamburg .

to his visitor, and his residence in the Pacific has made him famil-
iar with many matters concerning that region, so there were fewer
mistakes in identification than usual in European museums.

Haicaiian Islands.
2 Huewai pawehe. 4 Adzes in fragmentary condition. Model
of a double cdnoe. The figure called Hawaiian in the printed
catalogue has brass earrings and was perhaps made by a sailor.

Hervey Islands.
4 Ceremonial adzes; and 4 Paddles, all from Mangaia.

Rapanui .

4 Human figures. Bird well carved. Talking stick or paddle.
Club. 2 Rude stone human heads. 4 Obsidian lance-heads.
Wooden crescent-shaped gorget.

Marquesas Islands.
Crown of carved bone, tortoise-shell and feathers. 3 Stilt-rests.
Beards of old men. 3 Spears. Fan. Club.

Nine or Savage Island.
lyongiel. 3 Paddles.

S a moan Islands.
Small fishing canoe. Hibiscus fibre white mat. 2 Hook clubs.
15 Siapos, ordinary patterns. 13 Fans. 5 Spears. 2 Baskets.
2 File or fly-flaps. 3 Shell frontlets. Tatuing implements. 4
Serrate clubs. Other clubs of doubtful origin. House model.

5 AH, common form. 2 Wooden bowls, one 80 in. long, 27 wide,
of doubtful origin.

Tongan Islands.
Gypsum poi pounder. 2 Wood pillows. 3 Squid bait, fragments
of Cyprcea tigris fastened to a stone sinker ( Tahitian ? ) .

Manihiki .
Paddle inlaid with circles of pearl shell. Club, 2 Bowls and a
box inlaid in the same characleristic manner.

Fiji.

6 Human skeletons male; 2 female. 6 Crania. These in the
Natural History Mu.seum. 24 Throwing clubs; 6 pine-apple;

7 knobbed; 10 round; 10 musket form. Tree stem with human
bones imbedded; — a cannibal trophy. 3 Cannibal dishes. Oil
dishes (2). Roll for marking kapa. 3 Kapa beaters. 3 Wood
pillows. 7 Yaqona bowls. Long, round pillow. 2 Pillows flat-
topped. 16 Pots, common forms. 3 Heads of hair or wool. 2

Chiefs' staves,
temple in sennit.

New Caledonia.
Death mask in poor condition,
bill clubs. 2 Clubs, round,
an figure. 3 Water bottles,
cap. Dresses galore.

Caroline Islands.
6 Oblong wooden bowls
model. 2 Shark floats.

Hamburg .
4 Satchels, flat. 14 Carved spears.

Model of

2 Adzes with handles. 2 Bird-
2 Bambu combs. Small hum-
C^-lindrical woven head-dress or

2 Wooden boxes with covers. Canoe
7 Decorated canoe .sticks. 3 Decorated

house beams (used to hang clothes upon). 3 Coral rock pound-
ers. Wooden gong with handles at the ends. Fig. 35. 7 Belts.

Tols in great number. Nuk-
uor figure in wood 66 inches
high. 4 Smaller figures from
the same locality. Ponapean
flat kapa beater. Tortoise-
shell dishes and spoons. Ta-
tuing implements. Hat used
in reef-fishing. Sling stones.
Common mats. Large boat-
shaped idol, curious. Tor-
toise bone hoe. 20 Packag-
es of Tike. Comb with
feathers.

Gilbert Islands.
3 Suits of coconut fibre armor,
lar like the one at Berlin. Fij
shirt attached. Sun-fish belt
Cord dre.s.ses

Fig. 36.

Another suit with an erect col-

36. 3 Trousers of fibre with

Glove armed with shark teeth.

12 Shark teeth swords. Models of canoes. Mats of

hau and pandanus. 3 Stalactite fish-hooks; 4 Common fish-hooks.

Marshall Islands.
2 Drums. 3 Canoe models. Stone adze with an unusual knob

30 Hamburg — Amsterdam .

on the handle. Fig. 37.

Bismarck Archipelago.
Many masks. 11 Human frontal bone masks. Large chalk
figure and 19 smaller ones. 11 Stone ball clubs. Many swords
and flat clubs. 5 Good carvings from New Britain. Group of
Buceros ( Horn-bill ) delivering a woman — this bird being the
Lucina of New Ireland.

Nezv Gici)iea.
Curved wooden shield. Heavy
round shield. 5 Dukduk hats.

Solomon Islands.
Shield finely inlaid with squares
of pearl-shell. 7 Carved canoe-
figures. Canoe model. Small
food bowl. 7 Dance-paddles, of
common form, and 3 with carved
Fig. 37. handles. 2 Clubs covered with

plaited Gleichenia . Shell disk frontlet with tortoise-shell "thun-
derbolt".

Nezv Hebrides.
Human figures and a large lot of clubs of ordinary forms.

Hermit or Anachorite Isla7ids.
3 Long, pointed w^ooden bowls. 2 Shell adzes. 4 Frontal bone
masks. Wooden fiddle ( New Britain ).

Torj^es Straits Islands.
Tortoise-shell masks, good. 3 Carv^ed pillows. 2 Disk clubs.
Star club. 3 Drums.

Admiralty Islands. 9 Obsidian head lances.

The printed catalogue of this museum is simply a list of num-
bers, names, and localities without farther information.

The next city visited was Amsterdam. Here the museum

is on the upper floor of a large building in the Zoologische Garten.

India and the Dutch East Indies are very well represented while

there is but little from the Pacific Ocean.

Haivaiian Islands.

Lei palaoa. Huewai pawehe. Bone fish-hook. Fig. 38, PI. VI.

New Zealand.
Greenstone mere and adze with handle. 2 Jade heitikis. Hum-
an face from an old Maori carving.

31

Amsterdam — Leiden.

Marquesas Isla7ids.
A pair of stilt-rests and a fine club.

Fiji.
Human figure in wood. 17 Spears well carved.
5 Clubs, musket form; 5 knobbed; 5 throwing; 2
pine-apple; 2 round.

Hervey Islatids.
5 Ceremonial adzes and a carved paddle.

N^ezc Guinea & Bisma^xk Archipelago.
An assortment of bags and 10 Korowaarixam-Wv^
former and 3 carv^ed figures from New Ireland.

In the same Zoological Garden, which is con- Fig. 38.

veniently situated in the midst of the cit)', and one of the best kept
in Europe, is the Aquarium. This is very well planned both for
exhibition and for the care of the tanks. The contents were not of
great rarity but in perfecft condition. The obliging keeper showed
all the inner arrangements . There are large underground cisterns
for the sea-water which was brought from the Atlantic some years
ago. In the hall over the tank room is a colletlion of marine ani-
mals and produdls neither well lighted nor installed.

In the attic of another building there is a large series of ver-
tebrate skeletons including many Cetaceans. This is not open to
the public as it is not 3^et encased. In the Aviary was a Dacelo gi-
gas ( Laughing Jackass ) from Australia. Pastor tristis from Java
proved to be the same bird as the so-called "Mina" introduced by
the late Dr. Hillebrand: Eidabes javanica the true Mina in the same
house was a capital talker.

Leiden on May 5th. At the Egyptian Museum the distin-
guished Curator Dr. P. A. A. Booser showed and explained many
most interesting matters, his colledlion being one of the oldest and
most extensive in Europe and prized by all Egyptologists. Leiden
seems a very small place — almost a town of one street — but be-
sides being a university town, it is emphatically a city of museums.
These are all quite too large for the buildings that try to contain
them. In one place was a good series of casts from the excava-

32 Leiden.

tions at Olympia; near the University a Japanese Museum and an-
other devoted to Natural History which contains an astonishing
number of animals. Although the Curators were most obliging,
there was not time to examine farther, but among the birds was a
very old specimen of Drepanis pacifica much faded. At quite the
other end of the town is the Ethnological Museum of which Herr
J. D. E. Schmeltz, the well-known ethnologist, is Curator.* This
is in a sadly crowded condition, the rich collecftions in constant dan-
ger from fire, and a large part quite inaccessible to the public. It
is naturally strongest in articles from the Dutch colonies and there
it is most instruc5tive. From the Pacific Region the following art-
icles were noticed: —

Hazvaiian Islands.
Feather cloak of ihvi with triangles of oo.\ Feather cape with a
narrow border of iiwi and oo feathers in alternate triangles on the
sides and neck, the feathers much worn " des Zahn der Zeit "or
of something else, the body of the cape covered with the long
green-black feathers of the Frigate-bird. Also figured loc. cit.

Taf. VII. Oval dish of carved wood with two kneeling figures
as supports; the head of one of the figures is hollowed as for salt,
and both have shell inlaid eyes. Plate X. 2 Swords of kauila
wood set with shark teeth. Huewai pawelie. Netting-needle.

Samoan Islands.
2 White fibre mats. Aica shells for cleaning bark. Baskets,
Fans, etc. 2 Upete. 2 Kapa beaters. Kapas, common forms.
New Zealand.

Dried head with moko. Canoe

model. Tiki with engraved pearl-
shell eyes. Fig. 39. Tata figured
in the Archiv Bd. I., Taf. vii. 2
Mere of greenstone. 3 Kumete,

Fig. 39. carved, common form; i well carved

with male and female figures: loc.eit. Taf. viii.,4. 2 Taiaha.
2 Patu of carved wood. 2 Stone adzes with handles. 2 Tewha-
tewha without feathers. Kauri gum head ^i life size.

* September 16, 1S97, by royal decree, Herr Schmeltz was appointed Director of this National

Museum.
fJThis has been figured in the Intei-tiatiouales Archiv fur F.thnographie Bd. I. Taf. viii., but

the plate gives perhaps its original, certainly not its present condition, for it is much torn.

Leiden. 3-^

Hervey Islands.
2 Carved paddles more than six feet long; 2 of common size. 8
Ceremonial adzes.

Marquesas Islands.
6 Stilt-rests of fine quality. 2 Stilt-rests with double figures at-
tached back to back, uniciue. 2 Paddles. Paddle with twist at
the end. Fine club of large size.

Fiji.
Club inlaid with five human molar teeth. Club curiously car\'-
ed. 30 Clubs usual forms and quality. 7 Carved spears. Lali
or gong of good size and finish. Cannibal fork. Human figure
carved in wood. 2 Wigs.

Admiralty Islands.
Wooden dish or box. 2 Obsidian lance-heads.

Nezv Ireland.
Can-ed figures and masks in great number. 7 Masks of human
frontal bones. 12 ± Chalk images.

Nezv Guinea.
Fine human figure. 2 Shields, hour-glass form. 2 Shields of
heavy wood, round; another curved. Many elaborately carv^ed
Koroicaars. Pillows, Drums, — and in short a very large colledl-
ion impossible to catalogue in the few hours available owing to
its very crowded condition.

New Caledonia.
Death mask. 3 Disk clubs and many of bird-bill and knob form.

Solomon Islands.
Small car\"ed and inlaid food bowl. 2 Clubs Gleichenia covered.
Shield inlaid with pearl-shell .squares but much dilapidated.

At the last moment attention was called to a fine carved Ton-
gan club (figured in the Archiv Bd. I. Taf. vii.); Tongan car\^ed
rest; large drums and a wood fiddle from New Ireland. No doubt
many other things escaped notice in this great collecftion.

At Brussels vain search was made for a feather cape said to
be in the Municipal Museum.

Berne was the home of Waber ( augliee Webber ), the artist
of Cook's third voyage, and to the museum of his native town were
bequeathed the many articles he brought home from the Pacific

O.P.— B.P.B.M. c

34

Berne.

Fig. 40. Berne Museum.

Region. These have been better preserved than the spolia brought
by other members of the expedition and are now in the fine build-
ing of the Berne Municipal Museum. With these relics are exhib-
ited a miniature and an oil painting of the artist. Like all speci-
mens from the "South Seas" in early days Waber's have either
originally or in the course of time been sadly mislabelled.
Haii'aiian Islands.
Feather cloak about 60 inches long of iiici ornamented with tri-
angular figures of 00 feathers. It was in fair condition sealed in
a glass case within the exhibition case. It was impossible to ex-
amine it. Feather helmet of ordinary form red with yellow crest.
2 Feather leis, red, black, and yellow. Ulumaika of white stone.
5 Shark hooks with bone tips. 2 Niho palaoa much decayed;
the smaller of bone (?). Kupee of bone and tortoise-shell; an-
other of boar tusks (fragment). 2 Anklets of network covered
with white shells. Dagger of kauila slim and flattish. L,ei of

Berne.

35

30 fine Carelia shells ( labelled "Society Islands"). Knife of

kauila with one shark tooth.

Niihau mat figured but much

faded. Knife of kauila with

6 teeth: through the handle a

square braid of olond cord.

Tortoise-shell rings with one

shark tooth neath' rivetted to

the junction of the flat bands; a

murderous weapon used as a

leiomano. Not known elsewhere. Fig. 41.

Maa or sling of braided fibre cords and a closely plaited cap. 3

Kapas fine white; another chocolate and brown. Coconut cup.

Society Islands.
Cylindrical corded drum, probably Tongan. Wooden spatula.
Tatuing implements. Sunshades of fibre. Fig. 42. Gorget of

Fig. 42. Fig. 43.

the usual Tahitian form (See the fine example shown in Pl.II.).
Adz attached to handle by braid of hau fibre. Fig. 43. Adz han-
dle without stone. Adz of much smaller size, but complete.
Bambu flute ringed with braid, decorated with hviman figures.
(Tongan ?) Network about 44 X 8 inches, fine with red and
green figures. Mat woven black and red with fringed edges.
Fly-flap with bone handle. Breast ornament of strips of pearl-
shell: six rows of varying wddth. Necklace of black seeds alter-
nating with white shell disks. Satchel with flap cover. Pearl-
shell ornaments probabl}- the remains of a breast-plate.

Tongan Islands.
Curious basket wnth white shell disks ( a few are black ) at all
junctions of the brown and black triangles forming the pattern
of the plaiting as shown in Fig. 66, Pi. XVI. Carv^ed club of fine
workmanship, human figures. 2 Plaited satchels. Pan-pipe

36

Berne.

with lo irregular reeds. Braided cloak with fringe. Plaited
cape with border resembling Maori work. Two mat capes with

braided fringe. 2 Kapas with brown
figures and white border resembling the
Samoan. Long strings of bird bones.
Fine pandanus mat from W aber. Neck-
lace of the rims of Patella shells on twist-
ed cord. Wooden pillow of a form in-
tended to keep the sleeper to his proper
place on the common mat. Fig. 44, PI.
XVII. Oblong basket, black plaiting
^ with brown decorations. 3 Long strings
of dark brown shells. Square basket of
unusual weaving. Openwork mats of
curious pattern. Fig. 45.
Fig. 45. Neiv Zealand.

Greenstone mere. 2 Greenstone adzes. 3 Ear pendants of the
same material. 3 Bone needles. Stone used for breaking an
enemy's canoe. Fig. 46. Fish-hook.

Fiji.
Three carved spears. 3 Clubs; musket form;
3 knobbed; i throwing. Whale tooth orna-
ment. 2 Necklaces, one with 9, the other with
29 cachelot teeth. War paddle. 4 Stone adzes.
2 Adzes short and with handles. Bambu
pillow [Samoan ?]. 2 Spoons of turtle bone.
Net with stone sinkers and wood floats. 2 Pil-
lows of wood, common form.

Solomon Islands.
Canoe figures. Club covered with braid and
labelled "Chief's club, Samoa".

Neiv Caledonia.
Club of wood with stellate head. 2 Clubs, bird-bill form, small.
2 Clubs common knobbed form. 2 Fringe dresses. Braid cov-
ered calabashes. Fan. Sling and 5 sling-stones.

Raroto7igan show adz. Samoan canoe model.

So many specimens were incorrectly labelled that it was
impossible to include everything in this list, but all of importance
have, it is believed, been noticed. The landscape beauties of this

Fig. 46.

Bcrnc — Paris

37

region, the river fed by glaciers, the apple orchard in full blossom,
and the snowy peaks of the Jungfrau range rendered competition
hard even in the case of so interesting a museum. Dr. Ed. von
Fellenberg, the Curator was absent, but he has since kindly sent
to me a biographical sketch of Waber.

Next in order came Paris the home of Broca and once the
chief dwelling place of Anthropology and Ethnology. Paris is
still rich in the material with which these two sciences are illus-
trated and studied, but unfortunately for your direcflor the time
was not propitious for his visit. At the Jardin des Plantes the
collections were being removed to a new building and at the Tro-
cadero the division of Oceanic was not yet in order for public in-
specftion in spite of the efforts of the distinguished Director M.
Hamy. The first collection visited was that installed in an
attic of the Palace of the Louvre, — the Musee de Marine. Here
everything is utterly without scientific arrangement, and the
rich treasures are scattered here
and there, sometimes arranged in
rosettes on the ceiling where they
cannot be studied, or as trophies
on the walls where military, domes-
tic and musical instruments are
grouped together for effedl, and

equallv useless to the student. ^.

Fig. 47.
Without an opera glass one could

not examine those on the ceilng, so they are left out of the follow-
ing enumeration If all the choice articles from the Pacific scat-
tered simpl}- as curiosities through the Parisian museums could be
brought together in one properly arranged building it would indeed
be a rare collection demanding the repedlful attention of every
ethnologist.

Hazi'aiian Islands.

Helmet with five knobs on the partly detached crest (Guimard).

Fig. 47. 2 Common helmets, featherless. 2 Helmets with elab-

28 Paris.

orate crests, cup with red feathers, top of crest yellow (lyegoar-
and.) Bambu ruling pen for kapa marking.

Marquesas Islands.
Carved wooden bar lo ft. 2 in. long, used to hang clothes on in
the house. 2 Fans with carved handles. Helmet of black hair.
Crown of bone, tortoise-shell and pearl-shell well car\'ed or en-
graved, the bone apparently human. [Similar ones are in the
Bishop Museum.] Pair of good stilt-rests attached to poles for
use. Box in red and black. Idol about 12 inches high and i
inch wide. Figure tatued and dressed. 4 rude stilt-rests.

Tonga 11 Islands.
Wooden pillow of usual form. 3 Kava bowls. Gong like Vitian
lalo. Models of houses. Carved food dish with a long handle
at one end.

Society Islands.
Fine drum. Yellow kapa with red imprints of acftual fern leaves,
a common Tahitian form.

Gam bier Islands.
A long cylindrical gong (Astrolabe).

Easter Island ( Rapanui ) .
2 Small male figures, one with the head turned to one side, an
unusual treatment.

New Zealand.
Canoe prow. Bailer. Canoe model, good. 2 Wooden whistles.
Cloak of Kiwi feathers. Greenstone adze about 15 inches long
of fine workmanship (the largest seen in any mUvSeum). Model
of house. 3 Heitikis. Jade earring.

Nezv Caledonia.
2 Short adzes with handles. [lyike Fig. 33.]

Fiji.
Magnificent spear about 15 feet long carved and banded with
sennit: a series of barbs the lowest 6 inches in diameter. Many
clubs of pineapple and other forms.

New Hebrides.
Fine tree-drum with human (?) head. The only one seen in
any museum, and this rare specimen was in a dark corner.
Relief maps of Tahiti and Vanikoro. Models of many canoes
made by Europeans mostly and of little ethnological value.

In the Trocadero the room devoted to Oceanic was not open
to the public, but from Dr. Hamy it was ascertained that there was

/\iris. -jq

little or nothing from the Hawaiian Islands, but a good collecT;iou
from the Marquesas. From Alaska were stone pounders closely
resembling the common Hawaiian and also the Tahitian poi
pounders: while from Mexico were corn crushers quite like the
ring pounders (pohakii puka) of Kauai.

At the Jardin des Plantes there were indications of waning
interest or appropriations, or perhaps both. A great point has
been made of casts or models of various races, but most of these
had been removed from the ancient galleries, — the Hottentot Venus
being left almost alone in her glory. Replicas of most of these
were seen in the next museum visited. There w^ere many crania
and skeletons, indeed a choice collection if the labels can be
trusted. From the Hawaiian Islands there remained a Lei palaoa
and other specimens of human hair. From Ne\v Zealand w^ere 5
dried heads with moko. In the Musee de Botanique w^as a poor
specimen of Argyroziphimn (Silver-sword). Paintings and models
of tropical fruits were of great interest and value. In the immense
Herbarium are the choice colledlions of Jules Remj' from Hawaii,
and many specimens from other parts of the Pacific, but there was
no time to enter this rich field.

At the Hotel des Invalides in rather a dark apartment was
the Galerie Ethnographique of the Musee d'Artillerie. Here were
replicas of the models of the Jardin des Plantes, the following being
the more noticeable ones:

20, 21 New Caledonian colored and dressed.

22, 23 Australian.

25 Admiralty Islander.

27 Solomon Islander.

32 Caroline Islander with coconut armor of the Gilbert Islands
and a Vitian spear. The catalogue notes the figure as the
gift of M. Ballieu, FVench Consul at Honolulu, and it will
be remembered that it was this gentleman who sent to
France the interesting idol discovered in a cave on Hawaii.
This idol I could not find. [Probably in the Trocadero.]

37 Hawaiian with feather helmet of common form in black and
vellow feathers, leis and cloak the feathers of the last too far

40 Pa lis — London .

gone to clearly demark the pattern in red and yellow. The
figure is tatued in checks and in one hand holds a Tahitian
spear, in the other a ceremonial carved adze from Mangaia,
Herve}' Islands. A mat malo from some other locality
covers his loins. The following is a translation of the cata-
logue description: "When the Hawaiian Islands were dis-
covered there was found there a sovereign enjoying all the
prerogatives and surrounded by the etiquette which belongs
to roj^alt}'. He had a guard clothed with sumptuous man-
tles of feathers of great value . Our figure wears one of these
mantles of which the foundation made of cord has a feather
at each knot. These feathers are taken from a little bird
colored red, yellow and black belonging to the Souimanga
[Honey-suckers] famil}-, and it can be seen how manj- of
these birds were required to make the mantle. Another
.strange thing is that the king's guards wear a helmet recall-
ing the Greek casques. The Musee du lyouvre contains
some very curious ones: ours is covered, as we learn from
our explorers, with a feather stuff like that of tne mantles.
These warriors had the body tatued in checks of .square,
triangular or lozenge form. The Hawaiians are now civil-
ized, but in memory of ancient times the king still has
four heralds dressed in the traditional feather helmet and
mantle."

These are all of the models from the Pacific Region worth
notice and if the others are as inaccurate as the representative of
Hawaii* the collection is ver\' misleading. Many unclassified
arms are on the walls and in cases, among them a fine ceremonial
adze from Mangaia; a Marquesan paddle; 2 fine Solomon Islands
longiels; Fijian Pineapple club and war paddle; a New Caledonian
Jade disk club and 2 short adzes, and one with a large stem that
seems not to belong to it.

Crossing the Channel we find the same condition of things
as in Paris, in that the colle6lions are scattered and in so far of
diminished value, instead of being united in one grand Museum of
Ethnology. It is unfortunate for ethnology that so rich a nation

*The Hawaiian figure is e\'idently copied from the figure in one of the French Voyages.

London. II

as England shoukl not fnul the means to build a palace worthy of
the treasures her explorers ha^'e brought home, which are now
laid aside for want of room in a museum where ethnology is of very
secondary importance, or exhibited in dark rooms with insufficient
labels and no catalogue for the visitor, or scattered through museum
buildings intended for other puposes and often grandly fulfilling
those purposes.

In the South Kensington Industrial Museum are two fine

Maori carved canoe prows deposited by H. R. H. the Duke of

Edinburgh to whom they were given while he was in New Zealand.

In the Kew Garden Museums are the following from Hawaii: —

A Lagcnaria gourd of the largest size with cover and net. Many

kapas wrongly attributed; seeds of Gardenia brighaniii. From

Fiji a fine coconut fibre model of a temple given by Dr. Berthold

Seemann the distinguished botanist: The Royal United Sennce

Museum in Whitehall Palace has a very interesting ethnological

colleclion of which the Secretary of the Club kindly permitted

photographs to be taken. Arranged on the walls of the entrance

are many fine spears and clubs.

Haicaiian Islands.

Helmet of good form with broad crest, of plaited rush, with no

signs of feathers. Hula drum of admirably carved coconut wood

and with shark-skin head. Kjipee ilia or anklet of dog-teeth of

large size but discolored and dilapidated. 2 Boar tusk bracelets,

one of entire teeth the other of cut ones. Newa of kauila wood.

Stem of a coconut tree "pierced by two musket balls" during the

Cook episode (Capt. H. W. Bruce). Knife of Shark-teeth of

unusual form, open in the middle, with 9 teeth on each side and

one at the end. Another of common form with 8 teeth.

N'ew Zealand.
Mere of greenstone 19 inches long; another almost as large; 5 of
common form; 2 of jade. 4 Patu of carved wood, 3 patu of
whale rib. 3 Jade adzes. Canoe stern, rather small. 4 Taiaha,
labelled paddles. 2 Tewhatewha or battle axes.

Tonga7i Isla7ids.
Drum of wood the lower half of the cylinder elaborate!}- can-ed,
as are the knobs for attaching the cords which tighten the drum-

42 London, British Museum.

head. Clubs fineh' carved; a small one in the case of relics of
Captain Cook is labelled "given by the king of Owhyhee to Capt.
Cook." Paddles, large and well carved.

Society Islands.
Stone adze with handle. Several spears.

Marqjicsas Islands.
2 clubs of the finest quality. 2 Paddles, long and good.

Gilbert Islands.
Suit of coconut fibre armor with the curious shark -teeth weapons
for the fore-arm with nine longitudinal rows of teeth. A suit of
similar armor from Nawodo has a hemisherical cap and an up-
right cape like those in Berlin and Hamburg.

Solomon Islands.
2 reed shields, one rectangular, the other with rounded corners.
Several bows. Clubs with the fern plaited covering almost gone.

Fiji .
6 War paddles. Club, musket pattern, of immense size; 5 com-
mon ditto; II Knobbed; 3 Pinapple; 11 Throwing; a round one
3^ inches in diameter.*

From Niue several paddles: from New Guinea a bow of bambu:
and from the Admiralty Islands spears with obsidian points.
Mr.J. Edge-Partington was corre(5ling the mistakes in the labels.

The massive building in Great Russell street which con-
tains the sculptures, library, ethnological and art collecflions of the
British Museum has in its very entrance porch two of the Easter
Island stone figures, of one of which the Bishop Museum has
photographs. Within the gloomy building with long galleries
lighted only from above, and in a London atmosphere of course
badly lighted, are crow^ded most astonishing collecftions from the
Pacific Region. A very important part is the loan b}' the London
Missionary Society of the many rarities brought to England by the
late Rev. William Ellis and other missionaries; This is perhaps
the cream of the collecftion from Polynesia.

Hazi'aiian Islands.
Feather cloak, red with yellow rhombs; another red with 3'ellow

*The Bishop Museum has a round Vitian club ii in. in circumference, 44 1-2 in. long and
weighing 12 1-2 pounds. (No. 1033.)

Loudon, British Muse ion.

43

circles with red centres*. 2 Helmets, once feathered (Meyrick
Collecl:ion). 4 Helmets with feathers in good condition; 2 Hel-
mets from \'ancouver's colledtion, in fair condition with feathers.
Helmet of wicker work and detached crest. Kukailimoku
(Leverian Mnsennl). 4 Knkailimoku, one of them figured by-
Cook. Many feather leis. 2 Rectangular feather mats possibly
used by the kahuna or priest as a mat for the idol or aumakua .
2 large idols of wood (Black ohia?). Curious wooden idol with
helmet: there are no legs and it was apparently carried on a pole
as was the god Kukailimoku. It is covered neatly with kapa
like some idols from the Marquesas. Fig. 49, PI. XII. An-
other wooden idol with the peculiar form of trimmed hair called
mahiolc. Fig. 50, PI. XII. Wooden idol with wide mouth w^ell
armed with teeth and with head slightly reverted. Fig. 51, PI.
XII. Wooden idol somewhat larger with human hair. 2 Wooden
heads of images, probably idols. Idol of stone and fragments of
another from Necker Island, taken thence by ofhcers of H. M. S.
Champion. Aumakua. 5 Kahili, small with bone and tortoise-
shell handles; 8 Stone mirrors, good. 5 Kupee or bracelets of boar
teeth, large (Vancouver). 6 Ditto, with tortoise-shell. Niho
palaoa (W. Ellis); 7 Common Niho palaoa; one with 4 small
bone or shell nihos, and a similar one with 6
little nihos. 2 Nihos small and broad. Leis of
small red, white and black shells [tV]. Leis
of Strongylodon luciduni and shells of Patella stri-
ata [V]; Leis of Cyprcra moneta [V]; Leis of
Conus [V]. Hula drum of coconut wood with
shark-skin head; another without head. Hula
drum of coconut wood well car\-ed. Large
feathered hula rattle ( Uliuli hula). 2 Kupee
hula with rows of brown and white Melawpus
shells; 2 of black beans (Strongylodon lucidum);
2 of dog-teeth ( niho ilio ) ; another of dog-teeth
[V]. Drum of coconut wood on which is bound a coconut drum
(Puni hula). Fig. 48. 2 Ipuhokiokio. 6 le kuku or Kapa
beaters; 3 le kuku [V]. 2 Pa'u boards, the larger one said to
have been given to Captain Beechey by Queen Pomare (Tahiti).

* Colored drawings were obtained of seventeen feather cloaks and capes, which will be
described in another publication.

t V stands for Vancouver CoUecflion.

Fig. 48.

44

London, British Musenni.

Cleaner for Pa'u board. 5 Ohe kapalapala, common; another
with die of tortoise shell. 14 Ulumaika, all but one white. Ipu
aina with human teeth. Ipu kuha or spitton, square. Umeke of
wood with cover. 5 Huewai pawehe; 2 ditto [V]. Board for
scraping olona. 2 Poi pounders, common; one of ring form
(Pohaku puka). Stone lamp, common form. Coil of waoke
rope, square braid. 2 Gourds, long. Man}' stone adzes, 4 with
handles. 2 Umeke covered with plaited roots of i^i^fFreycinctia
arnottii). Inamona dish of wood, crescent-shaped. Carved

female figure for seat. Fig. 56, Pi. XIII.
Kukui nut candle. Carved bowl with
two human figures for support. Fig. 51 ,
Pi. 12. 3 Tobacco pipes. Kilu or top
of ipu pawehe. Small mirror in wood

^_^ frame on top of which are carved two min-

^/^tL ~ — ^->-^ iature tobacco pipes. Fig. 53. Double

^ canoe model; model of single canoe, no

outrigger. 2 Car\'ed figures for fishpole
Carved canoe rest [V]. Common paddle.

Fig- 53-

rests m a canoe.
Newa or hand club of basalt; one of kauila wood; one of kauila
[V]; ditto with stone head [V]. 2 Ihe pahee, large and good.
3 Swords of kauila wood with cord lashes. 6 Pahu, long and
fiat with distinct handles. 15 Throwing spears (Ihe). Maa or
sling-stone. 5 Barbed spears, the barbs carv^ed from the thick-
ness of the wood. Small ipu le'i to contain fish-hooks. Many
fish-hooks. 10 Wicker disks covered with feathers and with
shell and wood knobs: use unknown. 5 lyciomano; 2 Leiomano
[V]; 7 Leiomano or shark-teeth cutters. Fig. 58. 2 Rude
knives of shark -teeth, one open. Shark hooks. Sinker for
squid hook. 2 Short knives of shark-teeth. Fans of ancient
form. Fig. 61, PI. XIV.

Ncio Zealand.
6 Kumara (C. batatas) spades, common form but some with well
carved rests; several detached rests. 12 Tikis or images of large
size. 4 Carved slabs. 2 Carved slabs for Pataka or food-.store.
3 Door caps finely car\'ed; 2 carved door posts. 2 Canoe stern-
posts, carved. 4 Canoe models. 2 Paddles, common. 2 "Bull
roarers". 13 Tatuing implements. 6 carv^ed funnels for feeding
chiefs during the moku or face tatuing. Carved genealogical

London, Ihitisli Miiscm

45

li'i MiniiiiiilMffir^ 11 ^

Fig. 58. Hawaiian Shark-tooth Implements.

stick. 2 Balls for the game of Poi . 4 Dried and mokued hvi-
man heads. 8 Tikis, small. Mussel Dredge. 24 Taiaha and
many duplicates. 8 Tewhatewha or battle-axes. 13 Mere of
jade. 28 Jade adzes. 7 Jade chisels. 28 Jade Heitikis. 2 He-
itikis of human skull. Many earrings both of jade and of bone.
3 Carved adze handles. 29 Carved Kumetes (Boxes for orna-
ments), one of choice work ( Cook's Voy. ) . 14 Carved wood and
bone short whistles; 17 Carved wood whistles; 2 Whistles of
plain wood. 2 Knives of jade for trimming priest's hair. 2 Dong
trumpets and another much shorter. 2 Trumpets of Triton shell
with carved mouth -pieces. Kete of common kind. 4 Carved
sacrificial knives with shark-teeth on one edge, the teeth very
serrate and of a kind not seen elsewhere. Fig. 62, PI. XIV.
2 Cloaks of Kiwi feathers. Many common cloaks and capes of

46 London, British H/nseion.

Pho7'miiim flax. 4 Heru or combs of bone, common form. Green-
stone adzes in great number. Wooden shark hook carved all
over. Whale-tooth ornament for the brea.st, engraved with hu-
man face.

Society Islands.
Warrior's belt of small bones strung lengthwise. Pearl-shell
breast ornament. 4 Sacrificial or temple lamps, attributed in-
correctly to the Hawaiian Islands. Fig. 60, PI. VI. I^arge
wooden god; another, hollow, with man)' small figures all over
it (See Ellis, Poly. Res.). Wooden shrine for Tii va/iinc. Dress
cap of feathers and Ovulian shells. lyOng C3-lindrical wooden gong
with longitudinal slit, well carved. 3 Wooden drums like the
Hawaiian. Full dress for mourner ( Figured in Cook's Voyage. )
3 Gorgets of feathers and shark-teeth on a fibre net. See Pi. II.
Man}- bambu flutes. Breast ornament of feathers and square bits of
white shell. 2 Pillows of bi-colored Pandanns leaves. 10 Basalt
poi pounders, very well made. 5 Wooden images, various treat-
ment. 5 Kapa beaters. 2 Sunshades (See Fig. 48, p. 34). 4
Wooden stools, well cut. 2 Wooden boxes for chief's orna-
ments: 2 smaller similar boxes. I^arge wickerwork head-dress
from Ulietea (See Cook's). 14 Mounted stone adzes, common
form. 3 Wooden pillows like the stools but lighter. 2 Gods of
open car\'ed wood from Mitiara. Bambu quivers with arrows
(origin uncertain). Bailer for canoe. 2 Large wooden shark
hooks. Netting needle 24 inches long. 4 Wooden adzes for
cutting Breadfruit.' Large weapon edged with shark-teeth car-
ried by mourner. Pa'u board exadlly like the Hawaiian one
"given by Queen Pomare to Capt Belcher".

Samoan /stands.
Pump Drill, fine. Many fans without variety. Assortment of
Tatuing implements. Baskets of common work. 3 Frontlets of
Double rows of Nautilus shell. Upete. Human hair belts. 2
Stone adzes with handles. 13 Stone adzes in the rough. Wooden
thatching needle.

A/^itie.
6 Paddle clubs. 5 Projedliles of stalactite, .several too large to be
held in the hand. Many spears with two prongs; many common
spears. Spear with "stag horn" head. Fig. 68, PI. XVII.

I.oiuioii, Biitisli Muse Kill.

47

Staff or pole. 2 Fish nets of conical form. Canoe model. Kapa
figured and with long fringe. 2 Kapa beaters.

Marquesas Isla^ids.
2 Pair fine .stilts, complete. Sticks 6 ft. long, 2)2 in. in diame-
ter, chafers of kapa. 8 Carved stilt rests, 2 of them dLstindlly
male figures. 6 Clubs of the finest kind.
Fig. 64, PI. XYI. 6 Long paddles. Net
for gourd container. Several slings.
Kapas from Egmont Island. 2 Gorgets
of wood covered with beans of Abriis
precatorius.

Easter Island ( Rapanui ).
2 Immense stone figures. 9 Male and two
female figures well car\'ed from drift-
wood ; Large and small figure both
roughh' carv'ed. 2 Carved birds and
several grotesques. Carded human hand.
5 Small dance paddles. Obsidian lance
heads. Rope of human hair. 5 Gorgets
of wood, the usual crescent form, one in-
scribed with hieroglyphs.

Ton g an Islands.
Drum 52 inches high, car\-ed. Cylindri-
cal horizontal gong. 5 Adzes. 14 Combs.
7 Heavy paddle-head clubs. Food hook
with disk. Mats of open work. Club
with tobacco pipe worked through the
head. 2 Aprons of bird bones and shells.
2 Baskets of fine sennit. Fig. 66, PI. XVI,
and boxes covered with basket work.
Large kapa beater. Many pillows of
carved wood, and others of bambu like
the Samoan. Canoe model. Bows. Many
fish-hooks of the usual heavy pattern.

Hetvey Islands.
5 Car^^ed food-scoops. 6 Gods of carved wood. Finely car^-ed
cylindrical drum. Fig. 65, PI. XVI. 22 Carv^ed paddles, one
with double end, 4 with flat heads, the rest with rosettes; about
a dozen duplicate paddles, smaller, 4 Car\'ed "District gods".
Feather caps. 10 Ceremonial adzes, .short; 10 long ones, and

Fig. 63.

48 London, British Museum.

one five feet long. Kapas with black figures. 2 Stalacflite
pounders.

Gambicr Islands. L,arge paddle.

Paumotu A?'chipelago, Manihiki .
Paddle, club and bowl inlaid with pearl shell disks. 3 Carved
wooden bowls. Soul trap of large size.

Fiji.
Cap of spider-web, good specimen. 62 Pots of various shapes.
5 Wigs of human wool. 13 Clubs, pine-apple form; 31 Musket
and lotus forms*; 13 Knobbed; 12 Throwing; 6 Round; Many
duplicates. 14 War paddles and many duplicates. Several or-
namental paddles. 6 Yaqona bowls. Yaqona bowl given by
Cakabau, 44/2 in. in diameter! ; the largest I have seen. Model
of temple in sennit. 2 Kapa roll markers of bambu. 3 Carved
food hooks. Ivali or gong, good size; 2 smaller. Oil dishes in
great variety. 2 Rolls of sennit. Tatuing implements. 2 Kapa
beaters. Girdle of C>//'t'« shells. 4 Cannibal forks. Stem of Shad-
dock tree in which are imbedded some of the bones of a chief and
his son, relics of a cannibal feast.

Solomon Islands.
2 Food dishes of large size. 4 Clubs covered with plaited fern;
many common clubs. Package of Canarium nut food. 4 Pan-
dean pipes, one of irregular fnrm. 8 Fish floats. 6 Small hu-
man figures in wood. Many longiels both war and dance. 4
Clubs, San Cristobal. 3 Clubs of unusual form. 15 Adzes with
handles. Ear-plugs of wood with inlaid faces. Sunshade like
Tahitian. 2 Jew's harps of bambu. Pump drill with fly of un-
common form; another with the spindle of palm wood bulging,
fly of bone, circular, handle of bambu. Inlaid handle of club,
stone head gone + . 4 Pieces of yellow kapa; also some red; others
blue. Model of canoe. 2 Canoes fineh' decorated. Chief's
shield, Florida. {S&q B)rncliley, ]\y. of the Cura^oa.) Curved
shield inlaid with a fret of pearl-shell squares. Wooden shield.
5 Shields with round ends, 4 with square ends, plain. 9 Paddles,
pointed. 10 Paddles ornamented, some oval. 6 Canoe figures.
16 Carved bowls, various shapes. Reed-woven burial hut con-

* Among these the beautiful form shown in Plate XVIII.

tThat in the Bishop Museum, which also belonged to the Vitian king, is of better form
but only 32 3-4 inches in diameter.

\ Like No. 1373 in Bishop Museum.

/ AVI do II , Ih itisli Museum .

49

taiuiug- the skull of a cliiei of Rubiaua; around the skull are
rings of Tridacna shell. i6 Choice spears.

A tTi ' Ca Icdon ia .
5 Disk clubs of greenstone or jade. 4 Jade adzes. 5 Short-
handled adzes. 2 Long-head adzes. Death Mask, in poor con-
dition. 2 Kapa mallets. 2 Corded calabashes. vSlings, pouches
and sling-stones galore. Fish net with shell sinkers. Many
clubs. Club of great diameter. Club of the bird-bill form but
double like a pickaxe.

y\V?i' Hebrides.
3 Santa Cruz fishing floats. 4 Looms. Large human figure.
Clubs of common form. Banks Island kite made of palm leaf.
Fig. 6g. From same group long wooden bowls
and 2 obsolete dresses described by Codrington.*

Micronesia .
2 Suits Gilbert Islands armor. 2 G.I. Cuirasses.
2 Gauntlets armed with shark teeth. Human
figure in wood about 15 inches high, Pleasant
Island. Ualan loom of rude form. Swords
and knives of shark teeth in great number.
Kusaien sword in bone and shark teeth. Nuku-
laelae club or axe with blade of turtle bone.
Rope of plaited human hair. Caroline Islands
mat bed. 3 Coconut fibre and 3 fish skin caps
from Gilbert Islands.

New Ireland.
7 Chalk figures, not remarkable. Wooden fiddle (New Britain).

From Australia and New Guinea there are many specimens,
but none uncommon or not to be found in most good colle(5lions,
were seen. Among other most interesting things examined in this
great museum by the kindness of Mr. O. M. Dalton, were the vol-
umes of original drawings of the Cook Voyages, among them sev-
eral pen and ink sketches by the great Captain himself. Good
copies of the most important drawings relating to the Hawaiian
Islands are in the Bishop Museum. Another capital thing noticed
here is the very skilfull way in which Mr. Dalton keeps his book

Fig. 69.

The Melanesians, p. loS, '\Walo-saru" .

O.P.— B.P.B.M.

50 Cambridge, England.

of accessions, making a pen sketch of the article entered. Where
Curators are able to do this no better system has been devised.
The accomplished Director C. H. Read, Esq. gave me every facility
for examination and study.

From London a short excursion was made to Cambridge.
Back of the Fitzwilliam Museum, reached by a narrow lane squeezed
out of the edge of a churchyard, is the Archaeological Museum,
and in a side room of this is the finest colledtion of Fijian articles
in anj' museum. This was made by Baron von Hiigel who was
most kind in explaining the specimens and offering the hospitality
of his pleasant home. The hope may properly be expressed here
that Baron von Hiigel will soon publish the results 'of his careful
investigations in Vitian ethnology. The following list includes the
most noteworthy contents of this museum:
Fiji.
52 Clubs knobbed, 3 of them inlaid, 10 bound with sennit; 23
Pine-apple; 8 Lotus, a variety of musket; 58 Musket; 47 Round;
28 Throwing. 28 Paddles, one bound with net, 17 carved. 65
Spears finely carved, some bound with sennit. 84 Pots, i tripod,
3 tortoise-shaped, 2 cooking pots. 16 Carv^ed wood pillows; an-
other carved with a human leg. 13 Kapa beaters, all ribbed.
Many decorated bambus. 18 Cannibal forks, one the original of
the figure on the cover of Miss Gordon Cumings' "Fiji". 9 Nose
flutes. 3 Bambu marking rolls. 4 Shark hooks. Netting
needles. 13 Collars of whale teeth. 49 Dishes of carved wood.
5 Yaqona bowls. 8 Fish hooks. 3 Trumpets of Triton shell.
8 Sets of tatuing implements. 3 Upete of leaves; i of wood. 2
Girdles of Oliva shells. Necklace of ivory human figures
(Alaska?). 41 Oil dishes. 9 Combs of carved wood. 5 Shell
gorgets. 33 Wooden dishes on stand. 3 Yaqona strainers.
Yaqona cups in great number. 3 Coconut cups with coir wipers
attached. 2 Canoe models. 12 Fans, common forms. 5 Wigs
of human wool, 2 of them bleached. Model of "Devil House".
Baskets and satchels of many forms. 6 Fringe dresses and many
others of less size. Kapa sulas, not remarkable. Many stone
adzes .

Hawaiian Islands.
Ring Poi pounder; several of common form. A number of stone

Ca»ibridoi\ /{uo/a//d. 51

adzes. Kupee hula ilio. Rupee of boar tusks. Huewai pawehe,
small but good.

Marquesas Islands. Club and 2 stilt rests.

Society Islands.
A stone Sorcery Lamp with Rev. Geo. Bennett's label on it, and
precisely like the four in the British Museum wrongly attributed
to the Hawaiian Islands. See Fig. 60, PI. VI.

Tongan Islands. 3 Paddles and man}^ good clubs.

Sainoan Isla)ids.

2 Nautilus shell frontlets and several clubs.

Hcrvey Islands. 6 Ceremonial carved paddles.

Rapanni ( Easter Island).
Double paddle. Gorget of wood, usual crescent shape. Image
and a carved lizard.

Nezv Zealand.
Canoe model. Tata or bailer, broken. 5 Taiaha. 4 Car\'ed Ku-
mete. Dried and mokoed head of good quality. Carved funnel
for feeding a chief while being mokoed. Flax pounder with
head car\-ed on the handle of the stone. 3 Mere of bone; i of
jade; 3 of car^-ed wood. Patu of bone and a small one of wood.

3 Tewhatewha. Carved whistle or fife. 2 Carved whistles. 3,
Paddles. Prow and stern of war canoe. Jade adze in carved
handle. 9 Heitikis of jade. 2 Jade ornaments. Bone heru or
comb. 5 Earrings of jade; 2 of -carved bone. Large bowl.
Chief's staff.

New Guinea.
II Shields of wood; 4 of hour-glass form; 2 plaited.

Solomon Islands.
Paddle and club, both plaited with fern. Large canoe model.

4 Shields. 4 Longiels. Large food bowl and 3 smaller ones.
3 Bows and man}- arrows. 2 Canoe figures.

New Caledonia .
Death ma.sk in poor order. Man}- clubs of the usual patterns.

Only the Vitian portion of this colledtion is fulh' arranged
owing to the lack of room. A feather cape w^as attributed to the.se
Islands but is undoubted!}- of Chinese origin, the feathers African.

At Saffron Walden, Audley End, .some fourteen miles from
Cambridge, in the Museum at the east end of the church is said to

.52

Oxford.

Fig. 70.

Tae a feather cape from the Hawaiian Islands. Another was re-
ported at St. Augustine's College, Canterbury. It was also learned
here that at Cirencester, Belfast and Dublin are Hawaiian imple-
ments in the museums, but time was too limited to explore these
localities.

Another excursion was made to Oxford where the hospi-
tality of H. Balfonr, Esq., the well-known Curator of the ethno-
logical colle(5lions made that attra(5tive town still more interesting.
The Pitt-Rivers collecl:ion forms a large part of the Ethnological
Museum which is of great extent and value, but the arrangement,
while admirable for the study of comparative ethnology, renders an
■enumeration of specimens from a given locality almost impossible
in a limited time. Thus the different methods of dressing the hair
all over the world might be grouped together; the musical instru-
ments, the projectile weapons, the means of generating fire would
form other groups and this would be possible onh' in a ver}^ exten-
sive colle(ftion. It is exceedingly fortunate that all museums are
not arranged on identical lines, for to one geographical contiguity,
to another racial characfteristics, while to a third the comparative

Oxford — South K'nisim^foii. c^

solution of problems which must present themselves to the uncivil-
ized human beings, is the objecftive point of study. If then the
Oxford Museum occupies but a meagre space in this report it is not
from its po\-erty but from its richness which defies comprehension
in a passing visit. Among the treasures seen were:

Hawaiian feather helmet, the feathers gone; a small idol of
wood and some fine kapas. A bowl of large size from the vSolo-
mon Islands. Fijian and Marquesan clubs, and a series of fine
Pump-drills. The Fijian lotus clubs (Fig. 70) were very inter-
esting.

It was a matter of deep regret that illness prevented my
seeing Dr. E. B. Tylor to whom I had letters.

Ax Eltham the private collecflion of J. Edge Partington,
Esq., was examined, and among his choice things were:

Vitian Yaqona bowd 33 inches in diameter. 3 Marquesan clubs.
Maori trumpet, better carved than any seen. New Guinea small
car\-ed wood head in which to put pubic hairs.

To return to London. In the Royal College of Physicians
and Surgeons are:

3 Maori mokoed heads. 5 Australian skeletons. 5 Tasmanian
skeletons. Several Maori and other Polynesian crania.

In the library of the Anthropological Institute is a very fine
Tasmanian skeleton, and at the meeting of that society on June
9th to which I was invited, Gen. Robley exhibited 14 Maori heads
that had been subjected to moko*.

At the Natural Hi.stor}- Museum at South Kensington Sir
William Flower the Director and several of his Curators did all
that was needed to explain the collecl;ion and their arrangement.
Both visits to this institution were made on dull days and hence
perhaps the place seemed not quite well lighted in some depart-
ments. Mr. Smith the Curator of Conchology exhibited, among
other treasures, the type specimen of Helix sandzvicensis. Here as
elsewhere in England they stick to the antiquated term "Sandwich
Islands" apparently in ignorance that for nearly half a century the

*See H. G. Robley, Moko nr Mami Talooiiig: London, 1S96.

54 South Kensington.

Hawaiian Islands have formed an independent nation and compe-
tent by the law of nations to seledt its own name. The names of
the separate Islands are often miss-spelled, following Cook's very
blundering method. Indeed at Oxford it was insisted that the
Hawaiian Group was not only "Sandwich Islands" but was in the
South Pacific, and there were large printed labels to that effedt.
On the continent the orthography is in advance of that of the very
conservative scientific men of England : It maj' be noted here that
the committee in charge of the exploration of the zoology of these
islands by Mr. R. C. ly. Perkins, whose expenses were borne
equally by the British Association for the Advancement of Science,
the Royal Society and the Bishop Museum, is styled (as it might
properly have been in the days of Cook and Vancouver) "Sandwich
Islands Committee", and the chairman Sir Alfred Newton declared
that under the term Hawaiian Islands they could not have secured
an appropriation!

To return to the Natural History Colle(5lions at South Ken-
sington: the following are the notes made in what was certainly a
very hurried and superficial examination. There is no criticism of
the immense scientific value of the colledlion, nor of the vast work
and learning that Sir William Flower and his able assistants have
expended on the museum; it is simply as the place appeared to a
visitor who had seen the principal similar collections in the world.

"The colle(ftion of corals (especially the Madreporarian) is
very fine, usually illustrated with colored diagrams of the polyp.
The Reptilia are generally well mounted, and the Saurians es-
pecially so. Gigantic L,and Tortoises abound. Fish are by no
means attracftively arranged, but the Birds are intended to be capi-
tal, and in many cases they certainl}^ are as near perfe(ft as the
taxidermist is likely to make them; in some, however, there is a
verj^ "artificial flower" atmosphere about them. In the Botanical
Hall at the top of the building large specimens of Raoulia exiniia,
Hooker, the "Vegetable Sheep" of New Zealand were very inter-
esting: the drawings of Fungi excellent. On a huge section of

Ph i/a dclp h ia — \Va sli ///o- ton . 55

tree a man was painting memoranda of historical events of the cen-
turies the tree had lived and formed its rings. The Palseontologi-
cal Rooms are wonderful, but the collecflion of Moa bones does
not equal that at Christchurch, New Zealand. The Hall of Min-
erals above it is rather dismal (I remember that was its characfler
when thirty-three years ago I visited it in Great Russell Street
with all the euthusia.sm of a young mineralogist), as nothing
breaks the fiat uniformity of the cases. Vienna and Paris present
a much more attractive exhibition. The Cetaceans in the base-
ment were well worth a visit* . The British colledlion is capital and
very accessible to students and amateurs. The statue of Darwin
at the head of the stairway and that of Sir Joseph Banks higher up
at the other end of the hall seemed where and what they should be.
The former looks down upon cases filled with illustrations of the
special studies to which the elaboration of the Darwinian theory
gave rise."

Leaving England June 13 on the "St. I^ouis" from South-
ampton for New York, the first museum visited in America was
that of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. Here Dr.
Sharp, Prof. Heilpron, and Mr. Pilsbry did all in their power to
make the collecftions accessible. While this museum is strongest in
mollusks and birds, there were in the ethnological department some
good kapas brought b}- Rembrandt Peale of the United States Ex-
ploring Expedition from the Hawaiian, Society and Tougan Islands.
This department was not yet arranged in the new wing recently
completed. Washington was reached June 24th and the National
Museum was the chief attracftion. The late Dr. J. Brown Goode,
who was at the head of the museum, and Professor Otis T. Mason,
the Curator of Ethnology, were exceedingl}' obliging, the former
promising to send to the Bishop Museum a complete set of the pub-
lications of the U. S. P'ish Commission of which he was also
Direcftor. With Prof. Mason the Pacific collections, largely from

* Since then a very admirable system of exhibition has been adopted; the skeleton is
enclosed on one half by a covered framework representing the outer surface of the whale.

56 Washington — Nezv Yoi'k.

the Wilkes Expedition, were examined and fine specimens of kapa
obtained. Among the Hawaiian matters were:

5 Lei paloa of good quality. Feather cloak. 2 Feather capes
(the best one on deposit). Feather lei of Oo. le kuku, the
largest seen in any colle(5lion, and several good ones of ordinary
size .

The casts of Australian, Papuan, Maori and Samoan are
good in the order named. The Samoan is a most unfortunate
selection for type as he is emaciated and shows not a particle of
the embonpoint so charadleristic of his race. There were fine Vitian
spears and clubs but everything was terribly crowded in a wholly
unsuitable building. It is to be hoped that the American people
will some day demand that Congress shall appropriate several mil-
lions for a proper edifice for this great National colledlion. An
agreeable interview was had with Dr. Rathburn at the Fish Com-
mission Building.

In New York was found the American Museum, perhaps the
best all round Natural History museum yet vSeen. In the first
place the building wastes nothing in mere archite(5lure but is
strong, fire-proof, well lighted, capable of extension through the
large open space in which it stands, and is accessible and well
adapted for its purpo.se. The best building in the world will not
make a great or useful museum, and unless the contents are well
selec5led, sufficiently numerous and well preserved and arranged
both for exhibition and study the house is naught. Here the taxi-
dermy was the best seen in any museum, and the labelling was by
far the best seen anywhere. Dr. Franz Boaz was rearranging the
ethnological portion in a hall on the lower floor, hence the speci-
mens were not yet corredlly labelled, so no attempt was made to
catalogue those from the Pacific. The collection was rich however
in good examples of Polynesian and Papuan work, although per-
haps the strongest series is the Alaskan. Groups are frequent
illustrating native work, as has been provided for with the Hawaii-
ans in the Bishop Museum. As an example of the instru(5lion to

New llOtk /yOSfoil . ^y

be obtained I'roiii the labels, the Halil)iit hook, f/a'caua, of the
Haida Indians, a hook used 1>\- the Kamehaniehas, is said to be
made of the wood of the Thuja gigantea , the line is of red cedar
bark and the whole is bound together by the split roots of the
spruce tree; all of this information on the neatly printed label.
In Prof. Henry F. Osborn's department the labels almost make the
dry bones of the fossils live again, for there is not merely the name,
locality and history of the specimen, but also a diagram of the
outer form ouce covering the skeleton, and perhaps a picture of the
nearest living relatives. Then the fossils are excavated from the
bedrock and brought into high relief seen nowhere else. The col-
le(5lion of fossils is, by the way, one of the most complete in the
world. The officers' rooms, workrooms and store rooms are capital.

There were three Au.stralian skeletons, two male and one
female. A fine skeleton of Dinornis niaxiimis and seven other
moas. From New Zealand was a vie re 19.3 inches long and 5^
wide of light colored jade, and several Heitikis of which it was
noticed that the flounder-like head of one turned to the left while
four turned to the right. A model of a w^ar canoe. Clubs from
Fiji, Samoa and elsewhere were still piled on the floor and could
not be examined, but the general conclusion was that the museum
was not strong in articles from the Pacific Region.

In Boston the first colleclion visited was the Art Museum
where are deposited two Hawaiian feather cloaks. One was
brought to Boston by the Columbia* and is of red, ornamented with
yellow disks, and triangles on the borders. The measurements
given on the label card (which was in most other respe(5ts quite
wrong) were, 5 feet 6 inches long; 2 feet, 10 inches on neck line;
13 feet on the bottom line. The smaller cloak was of red ground
with yellow border and triangles, and with .se(5lions of long feathers
in spherical triangles in the midst of the cloak. It was 34^ inches
long, and 89^4 inches wide. These are deposited for exhibition

*The ship Columbia. Capt. John Hendrick, sailed from Boston September 30, 1787, vis-
ited the Hawaiian Islands and returned to Boston August 10. 1790, ha\'ing carried the United
States flag for the first time around the world.

58 Boston — Cambridge.

and are both lined with a woolen fabric which renders it difficult to
examine the nae or net. The smaller one has been used for a
sleigh-robe.

The Boston Society of Natural History was visited because
it once had a fine collecftion of Hawaiian lavas, corals and botani-
cal specimens given by the present writer, and a skeleton of a
Hawaiian woman given by the late Horace Mann. The building
was found in an untidy condition, the colledtions crowded, in poor
condition, and often incorre(5ll3^ named. The La Fresnaye col-
ledlion of birds has suffered much from negledt during the past
twenty years and the labels are often surprising as in the series of
the Australian Gyvinorhina which are absurdly confused. This
museum possessed a dried Maori head.

In refreshing contrast to this was the Museum of Compara-
tive Zoology in Cambridge. Certainly there was not a great deal
from the Pacific except in corals and mollusks, but there was an
Australian skeleton, and a small number of Hawaiian birds from
Wilson. The Ware colle(5lion of Blatscha glass models of flowers
is ver}' attradlive, although some of the tropical flowers and fruits
did not seem to have full size or color. Perhaps in Jamaica where
the material for these was mo-stlj' colle(5led fruits do not color so
brightly as on the Hawaiian Islands. In this museum everything
was clean, well preserv'Cd and in order.

The Peabody Museum of American Ethnology and Archae-
ology certainh' gives its first attention to American matters, and
under its distinguished Diredlor Prof. F. W. Putnam (who is also
Dire(5lor of the American Museum in New York), it has attained
an important place among the mu.seums of the world. Still it con-
tains, probably by the force of gravitation a number of articles
from the Pacific of which the following is a tolerably complete list
at least of the Hawaiian specimens on exhibition:

Hawaiian Islands.
Auamo or Bearing-stick, common form. Broom of coconut leaf
ribs. Laau melomelo, large. 5 Huewai pawehi; one of com-
mon kind. Umeke of wood 20^ inches in diameter, flat. Umeke

Cambridge. eg

of wood, small. Ipii kuha, round with hook handle. 2 Kahuna
awa cup.s of coconut. 2 Knives of kauila wood set with shark
teeth, one with 14 the other with 15 teeth. 5 Pohaku kui poi.

3 Polulu kauila, smooth; 12 Pololu (spears), barbed. L,aau
lomilomi kua. 2 Koko puupuu. 13 Koi pohaku (stone adze
heads). Niihau mat. Niihau moena pawehe s^iven b}- W. T. B.
Olona fibre prepared for spinning. Square fish basket of pau-
danus leaves. Umeke pawehe ipu with plain cover, broken and
in net, large. Rattle of ipu and one of coconut. Ipu hahano or
syringe. Ipu pueo, not finished. Hula drum, ipu pawahe;
another plain. Ipu pawehe for keeping kapas. Ipu pawehe.
Lei of Niihau shells. Lei of Coix lachryma. 2 Lei of (9f feathers
(perhaps dyed). 3 Lei niho palaoa. Lei niho and hook. Kukui
nut lei. Lei of white Petlcn shells. Several bone bosses for
kupee. Kupee of boar tusks, good. 3 Kapa moe with pink
kilohana. Kapa pa'u hula and man)^ kapa specimens, including
some of the Cook series. 2 Umeke kou, Helmet of red and yel-
low feathers, common form. Helmet of wicker without feathers.

4 Paddles, 3 of them with ihu. Model of double canoe. Model
of single canoe with sail but no outrigger. Model of single
canoe, small. Large le kuku, 3 inches on a side; 7 common
ones. 4 Koi pohaku with handles. Stone bowl. 3 Ulumaika.
2 Squid hooks and 2 sinkers for squid hooks. 4 Polishing stones.
Sling stone from Nuuanu pali. Netting and needles. Niihau
mat fine old fragment. Pillow of coarse pandanus, also model of
pillow. Lei of dried Solamim aculeatissimiini. Assortment of
cordage and braid. Fans of pandanus and of coconut leaf.
Pounder of curious form. 8 Bone fish hooks. Tobacco pipe of
orange wood. Ukeke with two strings.

Tonga Islands.

4 Clubs. 3 Wooden pillows, two of them broken.

Marquesas Isla?ids.

5 Clubs, good. 3 Paddles. 3 Gorgets of wood once covered
with seeds of Abrus pi^ecatorius.

Hervey Islands.
Car\-ed wood seat like those from the Society Islands. 8 Carved
ceremonial paddles. Carved paddle with central opening. 7 Cere-
monial adzes, one small and one well car\-ed.

Neiv Zealajid.
4 Mere of greenstone; another thick and coarse. Human head

6o Ca m bridge — Sa lem .

canned in kauri gum. Taiaha. 3 Tewhatewha without feathers
or ornaments. Small canoe prow, well carved. Dress of Phor-
w/?^;;/ flax. Carved stick ( genealogical? ) .

Fiji.
6 Clubs, pineapple; 8 Clubs, musket; i Lotus; 11 Throwing; 4
Knobbed. Yaquona bowl 27 in. in diameter, good. 7 Pots,
common forms. Oil dish, small. 8 spears of fine quality; many
ordinary ones. 3 Fish spears, 4 pronged, sennit bound. Canni-
bal fork. Stone adze. Woven leaf satchel. Pandanusfan. Wood
pillow, broken,

Australia .
5 Boomerangs. Quartz knife. Stone club. Nulla nulla. Dress
of cords. Net.

Neiv Guinea.
2 Drums, one wdth rattles. Many bags, spears, spatulas, adzes.
Dance paddle. Fringe dress.

Neiv Caledonia.
Short adze and greenstone disk club.

New Britain.
14 Stone disk clubs; 2 Star clubs..

Micronesia.
Kalo hoe of turtle bone. Large mat made for Kamehameha V.,
given by W. T. B. ^Snratl mat. Spear with two guards bound
with pandanus. Many shark teeth swords. Shell sticks for
dances. Shell money, Gilbert Islands. Shell adze. Yap. Coco-
nut fibre cord covered with pandanus braid. Nine club, Solomon
Islands bows and arrows. Gambler Islands paddle.

Professor Putnam's Assistant Mr. Frank Willoughby was at
the time rearranging these specimens in a new hall.

The Peabody Institute and Marine Museum at Salem was
visited with Prof. Edward S. Morse who was familiar with the
whole establishment. It was impossible in the limited time to do
more than look at the specimens from the Pacific Region, but those
brought home by the old Salem shipmasters for the most part, are
of good quality and great interest.

Haivaiian Islands.
Niho palaoa. 2 Kupee puaa. 5 Huewai pawehe. 5 le kuku.

Sa 1 1 -III — Ch f'aro-o . 6 1

Many good kapas. Large idol of ohia wood from Hawaii*.
PI. XIX. Cups and drinking vessels of Alaskan basket work,
said to have belonged to Kamehameha III.

24 Clubs, throwing; 10 clubs, pineapple; 13 musket; 2 lotus; 10
knobbed. 5 War paddles aiid several fine spears. 2 Temple
models .

A^ezi' Zealand.
Carved sword with shark teeth. 3 Mere of whale rib. 7 Mere
of greenstone. 4 Patu of can-ed wood. 3 Tewhatewha. 3 Carved
fifes. I Trumpet. Bailer. Door cap.

Mai'qtiesas Islands.

6 Clubs. II Paddles. Stilt-rest. 3 Gorgets covered with .4 ^rwj-
beans.

Hervey Islands.
Carved food scoop. 3 Paddles, usual form.

Samoan Islands. Human figure of carved wood.

In Chicago the Field Columbian Museum w^as visited. While
the colle(5tion is rich in many departments, it has little of import-
ance to illustrate the Pacific Region.
New Caledo)iia .
2 Death masks. Club of greenstone. 5 Bird-bill clubs. 2 Adzes.
A Samoan Upete of wood cylindrical surface, 40 inches long, was
interesting. A Fijian Yaqona bowl; New Guinea clubs of usual
form, a few Australian implements are about all.

Mr. W. H. Holmes, the Curator and Mr. G. A. Dorsey his
Assistant were both ver}- courteous in showing the museum. The
Anthropological arrangements in charge of the latter, were well
planned and thoroughh* carried out. It is to be hoped that such
valuable collecftions may soon have a building more substantial
than the one left b}^ the late Columbian Exhibition.

In the Mormon Mu.seum in Salt Lake City are two small
Hawaiian idols given by Kalakaua, and of which the Bishop
Museum has photographs. Fig. 71.

*Only three of these images are known to exist, the one in the British Museum
(PI. XIV): this at Salem, and one in the Bishop Museum (7654).

62

San Francisco.

The Hall of the California Academy of Sciences in San
Francisco contains:

Marquesas Islands.
Double idol of stone, small size. 2 Casts of similar idols. 4 Casts
of stone idols, present locality of originals not stated. ( Voy Col-

lecftioii. Carved wood
images. 3 Human
hair armlets with
bone cylinders. Carv-
ed coconut cup.
Wooden bowl with
two carved human
figures for handles at
each side, 35.8 in. in
diameter, 8 in. deep,
2 in. thick, of heavy
u n k n o w n wood . 3
Old men's white
beards used for orna-
ments. Coconut water
bottle in net. Stilt
rest. 2 Stilt rests of
white wood ( models ) .
Large drum 22 in.
high, 16 in. in diame-
ter at the base.

Fiji.
2 Pots of good work-
manship. 5 Throwing
clubs and a pineapple
club. Stone adze.

Hervcy Islands. Paddle and 2 carved adzes.

Solomon Islands. Spears and bows and arrows.

Admiralty Islands.
Food bowl, round, 48 inches in diameter, damaged.

Micronesia.

Coconut fibre armor swords and knives of shark teeth from the
Gilbert Islands.

Sa>/ Francisco . 63

Ausitalia and iVca' Guinea.
Stuffed specimens of Cassowary and Emu.

Ah-iC Hebrides.
Pseudo mummy with human skiill from Mallicolo*.

These lists will roughly represent the colle(5lions of material
accessible to students. The number of specimens remaining in
private hands as curiosities is very limited if exception be made of
showy clubs, canoe models and the like. It will be seen that in all
museums weapons predominate. Spears are very numerous for
they are from their length inconvenient in private houses. There
are perhaps weapons enough preserved in museums to arm every
able bodied native in the Pacific region at the present day. The
following is an approximate estimate of the number of certain
prominent articles to be found in museums:

BISHOP ELSE-
MUSEUM. WHERE.

Dried Maori heads with Moko (Gen'l Robley) - - 50

Hei-vey Islands Ceremonial Adzes ------- 2 40

" " " Paddles ------ 4 c;o

Heitikis, New Zealand ------------ 3 71

Pump Drills ---------------- 6 27

Hawaiian Feather and wicker Helmets ----- 2 30

Cloaks ----------- 6 27

Capes ----------- 6 55

Gods ----------- 2 9

Vitian Clubs, Musket and Lotus -------- 8 247

Pine-apple ----------- 2 92

Knobbed ------------ 4 159

" " Throwing ----------- 15 210

" " Round ------------- 4 103

" Pots ---------- 7 — •

Solomon Islands Arrows ----------- 150 6000

New Caledonian Disk Clubs --------- 40

" " Death masks -------- 2 25

Marquesan Clubs -------------- 34

Hawaiian wooden idols ----------- 25 40

stone idols ------------ 20 18

It may be of little use to estimate the number of specimens
representing the island groups of the central Pacific, but it may
show to some extent the material available for stud}^ from each
group. It should be remembered that the Melanesian or Papuan
races are more extensive manufacturers than their Polynesian

* These figures are covered with seaweed, and moulded with a mixture of red cane
ashes kneaded with unripe coconut water. When this is dry- a priming coat of the juice of
the Artocarpus and then painted with ochres, etc.

64 General Conclusions.

neighbors. Of the latter the Hawaiians made the greatest variety
of articles, the Maoris the best car^dngs, although the Hervey
Islanders pressed the Maoris close in quality of work, but b}^ no
means in variety.

A curious observation was made that the cannibals did better
work than those who did not lo^'e their fellow men in that way. The
cannibal tlieors' is one of absorption of the qualities and faculties of
the eaten b}- the eater: hence the natural desire to eat the bravest
of one's enemies even if the musculature be very tough, and a gen-
uine cannibal will not eat a woman or child unless pressed by
hunger. The Maoris, Fijians, Solomon Islanders, New Hebri-
deans and Marquesans were the most thorough-going cannibals,
and the}' were the best workmen in the Pacific, and their produ(5ls
are the most sought as curiosities.

With the exception of the Maori heads there is no colle(flion
of tatued skins shown in any museum, although in a German medi-
cal museum was seen an album of tatued patterns found on the white
subje(5ls in the dissecfting room, and in the Warren Medical Museum
in Boston was a fine specimen of a complete Marquesan(?) tatued
skin. Yet the art is d3-ing out with the compulsor}- adoption of
clothes and the significance of the elaborate patterns used by the
Marquesans, Hervey Islanders, Samoans* and others will soon be
lost. When the unfortunate Samoan governed by a very "mixed"
commission is fined 7/6 every time he is caught bathing without a
lavalava or waist cloth, he must abandon the elaborate skin deco-
ration he can no longer exhibit.

Again what do the museums show of the cooker}- of the
Pacific Islanders? It was not the simple matter often supposed,
and a cannibal feast was a most elaborate affair. The imii or
earth oven of the Hawaiians and others was a most capital thing,
and the ovens for baking "long pig" were both ingenious and

* F. von I^uschan. Beitiag zui- Kenntniss der Tatowiiung in Samoa. Berlin, 1S97. This
verj- interesting treatise on Samoan tatumg should be followed by a similar investigation of
the more elaborate work of the Marquesan and Aitutakian tatuer. The Samoan men that I
have observed in four visits to Samoa were quite as well decorated as in Dr. von Lushan's
plates, but the contrast of colors is not so harsh as when reduced to black and white.

General Conclusions. 65

suitable. The preparation of "made dishes" was an art practised
by all Polynesians, and the artificial preservation of food was well
understood in Micronesia and elsewhere.

Then the medicine of the.se peoples does not exist in any
museum, with the exception of one or two surgical appliances from
the Hawaiian Islands in the Dr. Arning colle(5tion at Berlin. It is
war. war, war all the time: clubs, swords, spears, arrows, slings
and shields form the vast majorit}- of specimens in all museums,
and yet these war-like people did not fight all the time. Certainly
the Poh-nesians were a race fond of sports and had man}- games,
but with the exception of the dancing appliances there is hardly a
hint of these in mu.seums, except at Berlin. In no museum was
any attempt made to illustrate the manufadlure of kapa or bark-
cloth the universal Poh-nesian clothing, so far as any was necessary.
It is true that in most of them kapa beaters and stamps as well as
the finished material are found, but they are never brought together,
and a visitor or even a student would be puzzled to make out the
connedlion between the disjefla membra of the complicated process.

Idols abound, but they are not distinguished from mere im-
ages like those from Rapanui (Easter Island) which are not objects
of worship, or those from New Guinea which are Penates. Every-
where the}- are simple curiosities. The missionaries to the Pacific
did not, like those w^ho invaded Mexico, destroy ever>i:hing that
had what they considered the Devil's mark, but they sent home to
Eondon and to Boston specimens with more or less explanation,
and it is not on them but on the museums that the blame must
rest if this information is often lost with the labels. The Eondon
collection has greatly enriched the British Museum, and the one
gathered in the Boston Cabinet has come to the Bishop Museum.
In the latter place it is intended soon to show the modes of worship
and the place of .some of the "forty thousand and four hundred
thousand gods". Much is known of the Pacific theogony but no
museum has imparted this knowledge; it has come from Turner,
Gill, Codrington and other missionaries.

O.P.— B.P.B.M. E

66 General Conclusions.

The method adopted in Paris, Washington and New York
as well as in the Bishop Museum* of making casts from life of
natives in their peculiar occupations cannot be too much praised,
only it will never do to make the casts from poor wretches travel-
ing with some show, or d}'ing of disease in some hospital. It would
be desirable for several museums to combine and send to the Pacific
a sculptor competent to select and cast and color good specimens of
the races fast disappearing from their island homes. The Bishop
Museum is doing this for the Hawaiian Islands, who will under-
take the other groups?

It was found that very few museums had a system of pho-
tography; indeed the Museum fiir Volkerkunde at Berlin where
the accomplished Dr. von Luschan is a skilled photographer was
the only one prepared to exchange photographs of its contents.
And 3'et this seems a very important adjunct to museum work. If
all important articles were photographed and the negatives kept
and classified as a card catalogue might be, Curators would be saved
all farther trouble or risk in disturbing large specimens when ap-
plication is made to photograph them. By a system of exchange of
prints students in any one museum could easily see what in the lines
of their studies was to be found in other museums far better than any
catalogue, however explicit, could inform them. Then as ver}' few
ethnological museums have printed catalogues that are more than
mere lists, the need of good photographs becomes more imperative.

The question has often been asked what sizes of plates should
be used, and it may be answered that for all useful purposes the
sizes in use at the Bishop Museum seem most convenient. The
largest plate 8X lo inches is suitable for illu.stration full page size
of ordinary quarto publications and for maps; the next size 5X8 is
the bCvSt for landscapes, views, groups, full-length figures or por-
traits front and profile on one plate, or for three views of any objedl
(as crania) on the same plate, or for full-page illu.stration, octavo

*The casts already made for the Bishop Museum include a Kahutia or native priest in
he solemn act of "praying to death"; a powerful man in the prime of life scraping olond-
a young boy and a full grown man pounding poi: a girl of eleven years and an old woman
beating kapa. All these are well colored and wear the dress of ancient times.

Gonral Conchisioiis. 67

size; in facl it is the plate most generally useful. The smallest,
4X5 is of great convenience for single objedls. One good 8X10
camera can be utilized for all these sizes in museum work, but for
the field two cameras 5X8 and 4X5 should be used; the smaller is
much the best for catching groups, peculiar postures or occupa-
tions. An experience of thirty-five years in pra(5tical photography,
photographic journeys in Central America and across the American
continent, camera work in the tropics and on mountain tops nearly
14,000 feet high, leads to the belief that 5X8 is the largest size to
be taken into the field, and that only for stereoscopic work or sev-
eral pictures one plate. For views the 4X5 size is ample, as with
a good enlarging camera all reasonable sizes can be obtained from
that. The slowest plates that the subjecft admits of are best.

Prints for museum exchanges should be on bromide paper
unless needed for reproducftion in which case a smooth surface
silver print is more desirable. Bromide prints need no mounting
but can be bound dire(5tly as book plates or illustrations.

In regard to exchanges we are unfortunately situated since
there are no European or American museums that have duplicates
from our region that we do not already possess. Exchanges of
photographs and of publications are however readily arranged, and
as soon as the Bishop Museum can issue the first part of its
Memoirs, exchanges will commence with nearly a hundred scientific
societies and museums whose publications are needed in our library .

As to the installation of exhibits, no halls were found so
well lighted as ours or more accessible for visitors; no cases better
suited to the needs of this climate than those now in Polynesian
Hall. The iron cases in the Berlin Museum are excellent, but
although more expensive are certainly not ornamental. The sys-
tem of plate glass shelves there in use has been discontinued owing
to the great expense and liability to breakage in readjusting ex-
hibits, disadvantages found to more than counterbalance economy of

For a studio camera I have found the American Optical Co. No. 22 Imperial camera,
8x10 size with Waterbury curtain slide holder the most convenient. It is sold by the Scovill
and Adams Co., New York.

68 General Conclusions.

space and additional lighting facilities the glass certainl}- affords.
With plenty of light about the case wooden shelves do very well.

In labels the greatest deficiency is shown in almost all Euro-
pean museums, even the great one at Berlin cannot be entirely
excepted. The expense of properly printing labels is certainly
considerable, but the information that a comprehensive label legi-
bly printed can afford is worth all it costs. Man^^ of the large
museums have their own presses worked by one of the regular as-
sistants. One museum in the colonies which had well-printed
labels on many, but by no means all, of its large exhibits, had
spent several hundred pounds on the work which was done outside .
By the u.se of a Golding Pearl Press any of the labels can be printed
as needed and much time saved in correcfting printer's mistakes in
the technical words generally in use. This will require a large
variety of type but only small fonts of each kind: Book plates,
notices and lists of duplicates or exchanges can easil}' be printed on
such a press and a very complete outfit would cost less than $400.

T^-pe-written labels and those made with rubber stamps are
unadvisable as the aniline inks used with these will certainly fade
in sunlight, even if not direct, at least in the tropics.

The American museum in New York was b}- far the best
equipped with labels of any museum visited, and the Boston Society
of Natural History has also good labels. In the former institution
the printing is done outside, in the latter a printer has been for
3-ears employed not onl}- to do the printing of labels but also to
attend to the composition of the many publications of the Society,
the presswork and binding being done outside. With good labels
an expensive catalogue which in a growing museum is soon out of
date may be dispensed with.

How to increase the museum exhibits and obtain desiderata
is a most important question and needs great consideration. Cer-
tair articles that can now only be found in large museums ma}^ be

since this report was written the Bishop Museum has been provided with such a press
(Golding & Co., Boston, Pearl No. 3) and type not only for the labels (many of which have
already been printed) but also for the publications of the museum. The label printing has
proved a great success. This report and other publications are composed in the museum
office; the presswork is done outside.

General Conclusions. 69

represented by casts or photographs, but the many things not in
this museum but still obtainable may be purchased in some ca.ses
of the dealers but generally must be collecfted either by our own or
the explorers for the other museums who have duplicates. In the
latter case we take the leavings at the cost of the best; with our
own collecftors we reverse the situation. The purchase of special
colleiflions is often best in economy, but the best of all, and if wisely
done not the most expensive wa}', is to do one's own colle(5ting,
for then every specimen has attached to it a surprising fund of in-
formation and is not simply a curiosity. Your trained colledlor
sees for himself how each thing is used and generally can obtain
its name in the vernacular. If Ethnology is to progress in the
Pacific Region this course must be taken, and this Museum which
is the largest in this region should undertake at least its share of
this work. As the English Scientific Societies sent a trained col-
lector to gather the Hawaiian Birds and Insedts, so the Bishop
Museum must send one or more men to the groups where vernacu-
lar implements are fast disappearing. The Marquesas, Fiji, Her-
ve}', Tonga and Society Islands will have little to show the Ethnol-
ogist ten years from now.

This journey has shown how little is to be obtained from
other museums, and it has as clear!}- demon.strated that the needs
of this and other museums must be supplied from the islands them-
selves if at all. And although there are many things in attics and
private cabinets that will b}' gift or purchase come to this museum,
the}- will be dead things no longer able to tell their name, use or
origin, and the money spent for such things, yes every dollar,
should be appropriated to the expenses of a collecftor.

As to the Natural History of our region Mr. Perkins' admir-
able work here has shown what treasures there are even in a region
so long known and so accessible as the Hawaiian Islands. Groups
like Fiji and the Society Islands would probably be nearly as rich.
If all the birds and insedts of the chief groups in the Pacific, even
omitting Australia, New Zealand and New Guinea, were repre-
sented in our cases we should have room for them and do no more

yo • General Conclusions.

than the position of the Bishop Museum demands. It was impos-
sible to examine the Natural History collections thoroughly for
specimens from the Pacific: that would be a work of many months.
London and Paris have the largest lot of Polynesian plants, although
Cambridge (Massachusetts) has a large number of species. Berlin
and other museums probably lead in Ornithology, while the marine
species are tolerably distributed among the principal museums of
America. Corals abound in the British Museum and in the Museum
of Comparative Anatomy (Agassiz) at Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Another important objecT: of this journey w^as an examina-
tion into the feasibility of establishing a Marine Zoological Station
here as a branch of the work of this Museum. Of the advantages
of such an institution to science and to this country nothing need
be said. Of the desirability of such a Station to the Museum it
may be said that without it the latter institution would require a
very large outlay for colledting the Hawaiian Marine Fauna, with-
out considering the expense of preserving and exhibiting, and the
salaries of experts to determine the species colle(5ted. Another
large building would be required as well as considerable accommo-
dation near the shore. The proposed Station or lyaborator}- would
do all this besides relieving the museum of some of its present col-
lections, thus giving additional shelf space. The possibility of its
establishment depends wholly on the amount of money that is avail-
able for the purpose. This country is remarkably rich in marine
life, the climate is admirable, the site accessible to the world.
Lines of steamships could bring to our tanks marine life from the
East Indies, China, Japan, Fiji, Australia, New Zealand, Mexico
and Central America, without passing through a cold climate.
Instead of exciting jealousy on the part of older establishments,
the projedt meets warm encouragement and approbation from all
whose encouragement and approval are most worth.

Plans have been prepared, which will in due time be sub-
mitted to the Trustees, for a large and imposing building of stone
to contain a tank -room with fourteen tanks for the public exhibi-
tion of marine life, the growth of corals, etc.: a museum room to
contain the preparations to illustrate marine life in the Tropics: a
spacious hall between these wings for smaller, fresh water tanks,
ferns and plants, and to be used as a general resting room. These
will occup}' the ground floor and alone be accessible to the public.
On the first floor will be the library, microscope rooms and a num-
ber of laboratorv tables and tanks. One or more detached build-

General Coiic!i(sioiis. 71

ings will contain pump rooms, sorting chambers, food tanks, and
above stairs laboratories. A light railway will extend from the
wharf through the sorting and food rooms td the tank room or
Aquarium. These subsidiary buildings whose plan will depend on
the location of the institution will contain Preparator's store and
work room, store rooms for glass, dredging and diving apparatus.

The first work to be done will be a very thorough explora-
tion of the shores and reefs of this Group, although this will not of
course be continuous work. The tanks in the Aquarium will re-
quire some time for the specimens to become established and fit for
exhibition. This is especially the case with Aclinias, Corals and
man>- of the lower forms of marine life. There will be discovered
many new species which should be published as speedily as possi-
ble in the Memoirs of the Museum, and be fully illustrated. The
Aquarium will require a complete photographic outfit distincT; from
that of the Museum, as all new forms brought in by the collecftors
should be photographed while alive or at least while fresh, and an
artist who is a good colorist should be permanently employed for
this work. \"ery likely the artist in colors and the photographer
can be the same person. The Diredlor has already devised simple
apparatus for the convenient photographing of fish, etc., in tanks
either by sunlight or the eledlric light.

Another employee of constant importance is the Tank-
keeper. It is his business to feed the animals, keep the tanks in
order and look after the supply of water and air to the study as
well as the exhibition tanks: the position requires knowledge as
well as industry-, and he will need an apprentice. The Preparator
will be a man skilled in the preparation of specimens for exhibition,
and it will not only be his dut}' to prepare specimens for the museum,
but to pack and forward all specimens and material to be sent to other
museums, and in this department there will be many exchanges.

A competent engineer to look after the pumps, filters, valves,
etc., will be required, as well as one for the steam launch. It will
be best to use for the pumps an electric motor, and if the building
is within reach of the town water supply no pumping of fresh water
will be required. With an electric motor and other modern appli-
ances the engineer of the boat will serve in the other capacity also,
and he will have an apprentice. A steam launch of such characfler
as is used by the United States Fish Commission at Wood's Hole*

* I am adWsed by Prof. A. Agassiz that a larger boat, 80 feet on the water line and 20
feet beam, will be better for Hawaiian waters.

7? General Conchisions.

and elsewhere, built b}- the Herreshoffs, and one or two small
naptha launches, to ser\'e as tenders and plankton gatherers, will
be needed, but the latter can be run by members of the staff of
students.

The lyibrar}' will be an expensive and very important part
of the establishment. While current publications will flow in with
the exchanges, a large number of very expensive books will have
to be purchased, and at least $20,000 will be required at the start.
This should be in charge of a permanent Librarian and arrange-
ments should be made to extend its use to anj- scientific students
not diredlly connected with the Station so far as possible.

Then for the staff. A man used to marine biological studies,
preferabh' one at the head of a similar institution, should be ap-
pointed Dean with at least three scientific assistants, the number to
be determined as the work progresses, or as desirable persons offer.
It may be admitted here that many applications have already been
received so eager are scientific men to take advantage of the facili-
ties for the study of tropical marine life that the proposed station
would offer.

There must be a general Janitor or caretaker of the build-
ings and as the public rooms will alwa^'S be open to the public,
there must be a principal attendant to sell catalogues or guide
books, look after dogs, sticks and umbrellas, with an assistant for
the Tank room and Museum. A man to keep the grounds in order,
and several hands for the steamer while dredging.

This is of course but the skeleton, and a disjointed one at
that, of the possible Hawaiian Marine Biological Station, or as this
is a very long name like that of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum
it might be well to call it the Bishop Aquarium, but it will simply
show the Trustees that this part of his mission was not entirely
negledled by the undersigned who presents this report.

WILLIAM T. BRIGHAM.

December 14, 1896.
H0N01.U1.U.

Director's* Kepcjrt

2r.i^T/v;^t

[&?»-*''■"

Hawaiian Helmet (Cook Col.

Director's Report

Tahitian GoRCxET.

Director's Report

Plate III.

Fie?- 3-

Fig- 5-

Fig. 4.

Hawaiian Helmets.

id; renter's Report

PlHte IV

Fig. 6.

t'ig- 7-

Hawaiian Feather-Work.

r5ii-ectt>r'« Report

Fig. 9.

Fig:. 12.

Fig. 8.

Fig. 10.

Hawaiian Implements.

IDlrector's Report i

Plate VI.

Fig. 6o. Tahitian Sorcery IvAmp.

Fig. 27. Shark Float.

Director's Keport

F>lfite VII.

C E

Fijian Clubs.

Director's Report

Plate VIII.

Idoi. (Arning Col.).

Director's Keport

F»lHte IX.

Idol: FormerIvY at Kahuku, Oahu

Director's Report

F»late X.

Hawaiian Image: From Manoa, Oahu.

Director's Report

JPlate XI.

Hawaiian Dish at I^eiden.

X>irector's Report

Plate XII.

51

Hawaiian Images.

Director'^ Wepoi-t

F'Uite XIII.

Hawaiian Carved ImacxEs: British Museum.

Director's Report

F»late >:iV

Fig. 59. Hawaiian iMAciK: British Mi'SEI'm.

i:)irect<:)r's lieport

F»lnte XV.

Fig. 6i. Hawaiian Fans.

Fig. 62. Maori vSacrificial Knives.

Director's Report

Plate X:VI.

'rMtm^f^ '* - ■

■^sfJ. »r>' >^ |;;5|«B*^'

Objects in British Museum.

director's I'ieport

P»l€«te XVII.

Fig. 67. ToNGAN Bone Apron.

Fig. 68. NiuE Spear.

Fig. 44. ToNGAN Pillow

Director's Fieport

Folate XVIII.

Lotus Club , Fiji.

Oirector's Report

PUite XIX.

Hawaiian Idol: Salem, Mass.

'J

1801

OCCASIONAL PAPERS

OP THE

BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OP

POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND

NATURAL HISTORY.

Vol. I. — No. 2.

Director's Report for 1899.

honolulu, h. i.:
Bishop Museum Press.
'1900.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS

oi' Till-:

BERXICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF

POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND

NATURAL HISTORY.

Vol. L — No. 2.

Director's Report for 1899.

HOXOLl'LT, II. I.:

Bishop Museum Press.
I coo .

To tlic Trustees of the Berniee Paualii Bishop MiiseiDu .

Sirs: — I hereicitli submit luv Report ou the icork and eo7idition
of the Museum for the year i8gg in aceordanee icitli the vote of the
Trustees at the meeting- of January /j, igoo.

WILLIAM T. BRIGHAAI,

Director of the Museum.
Honolulu, fanuary ^o, igoo.

FEB 16 1901

REPORT.

TN inaugurating' a .s\steni of Annual Reports of a more formal
character than has hitherto obtained during the few years
since the opening of the Museum, it ma}' not be out of place
to state the nature and objedis of this institution. In the Deed
of Trust under which the Museum was established by Charles
Reed Bishop the Trustees are directed to apply '"tlic }ict incoDic ( a)
in and toward tlic maintenance, conduct and (to sue// extent as tJicy
sliall in their absolute discretion t/iink fit ) furtJier equipment and
developDioit of tlie said Bernice P. Bisliop Museum as a scientijic i}i-
stitutiou for coIlecti)ig , preservings storing and ex/iibiti)io- specimens
of Polynesian and fcindred Antiquities, Et/inotogv and Natural His-
tory, and books treating of, and pictures illustrating tfie same, and
for tfie e.vaniiiiation , iweestigation , treatment and study of said speci-
mois and the publication of pictures thereof, and of the results of such
in-eestigation and stud]', and ( b) if the said If-ustees or their succes-
sors in the trust, shall in their absolute discretion thi)ik fit, i)i the pur-
chase or lease of suitable site or suitable sites for, and in the erection ,
furnishing , equipping and condutling also as a scientific institution ,
on the /stand of (h^hu, I\epublic of Hazcaii , a Marine Aquarium and
Biological Laboratory , but the trust in favor of tfie licrnice P. Bishop
Museum shall alicays and in all things have precedence and be para-
mount over the trust in favor of the said Marine Aquariuni and
Biological I.aboratorv .' '

Working in these lines the Museum has "preserved, stored
and exhibited" such specimens as have come to it by gift or pur-
chase, and as will be seen by the lists of accessions during the past
year many specimens have been added in this way, but in the first

(5)

6 Director' s Animal Report.

work "colledling" in its true sense little has been done except in
the Departments of Entomology, Ornithology and Radiata since
the establishment of the Museum. It is true that the collections
have grown, but it has been mainly by purchase, to a small extent
by gift, and as yet no collecftors have been sent to the other groups
of this Pacific region. This omission it is hoped may be remedied
in the near future. A beginning was made in 1896 by sending the
Director around the world to examine the ethnological collecftions
in the principal museums, and to study especially the objects from
the Pacific Region, many of which can no longer be obtained in
the place of their original use. If of no other material advantage
to this Museum, the extensive although havSty journe}- showed
plainh- what had been done in other museums, and by inference
what remained vxndone in the Bishop Museum. It strengthened
the hope that one day, before the changes of civilization make it
too late, the Natural History at least of the Pacific Region may be
properly explored. In the Ethnology much has irrevocably passed
away, much is pa.ssing, but it is not too late to gather material for
comparison and study in many of the islands of this great ocean.
In many of the groups of the south-eastern Pacific kapa making is
still pracftised, tatuing is not a lost art, and at the other extreme
geographically cannibalism is as rife as ever.

Although not feeling prepared to begin the work of collecting
independently, the Trustees welcomed the opportunity offered by
the Committee of the London Royal Society and the British Asso-
ciation for the Advancement of Science, and by furnishing one-
third of the funds needed for the exploration of these Haw^aiian
Islands, became a third partner in this important undertaking.
Mr. R. C. L. Perkins has for several years collecfted and studied
the Hawaiian insect fauna for this Committee, and has incidentally
collected a number of Hawaiian birds. The results of Mr. Perkins'
explorations are now being published and distributed to the corre-
spondents of this Museum. It is hoped that our future explora-

Afan'nc Zoolooical Station. 7

tions may be extended to other groups, but in such way that the
collections may come to the Museum in their entirety instead of
being shared with two other partners.

In furtherance of the plan for a Marine Zoological Station the
Legislature set apart a tract of some twelve acres of land at the mouth
of the harbor, at that time admirably adapted for the purposes of
such a station and the only place suitable within many miles of
Honolulu. Unfortunately an iron foundry and boiler shop has
been erected on adjoining land, cjuite unfitting the place for stud>-
or any of the serious purpo.ses of .such an institution. The Ignited
States Government has since taken possession of the whole tract.
In consequence the second branch of work indicated in the Deed
of Trust has fallen into abeyance.

In turning to the record of this year's work I must pause to
express the sorrow of the entire Museum Staff at the loss of the
Reverend Charles M. Hyde, D.D., who as trustee has early and
late taken a mo.st liveh' interest in the work of the Museum. His
help, advice and sympathy have always been with us and he was
one of the earliest among our citizens to appreciate the ad\-antages
of a large public museum. His knowledge of Hawaiian characfter
and customs was wide and deep. Much of this he has bequeathed
to the Museum in his papers and annotated dictionary, but no
material beque.st can replace the constant interest with which he
encouraged all workers at the Museum.

Buildings. vSince the completion of Polynesian Hall, the
first addition to the original Museum building, it has been felt that
better accommodation should be provided for the Hawaiian por-
tion of our collection, and through the generosit>' of Mr. Bishop at
the end of the last year the contractors began the erection of a
wing larger than the entire existing building. Work has con-
tinued on this during the year, and alterations con.sequent on this
large addition have compelled the withdrawal of much of the Ha-

8 Director' s Animal Report.

waiiaii Department from public view, and the disturbance incident
to any large building operations has in various ways interfered
with the regular work, and in the attendance of visitors which is
less than in 1898. A large workroom with skylight has been built
for photographic purposes as well as for the arrangement of large
groups of Hawaiians cast from life by Allen Hutchinson, and for
the construdlion of models of Kilauea and of an ancient heiau or
temple. This is a most convenient addition to our workrooms.
Cases have been placed in the basement of Polynesian Hall for the
temporary storage of books. The Picfture Gallery has been im-
proved by the closure of unused windows and the removal of a
wall-case thus giving more wall space. Four brackets for bu.sts
have been placed in the corners. To the pi(5tures in this room
have been added four of D. Howard Hitchcock's capital paint-
ings of Kilauea and Mokuaweoweo, a number of Mr. H. W. Hen-
shaw's platinot^'pe photographs of Hawaiian scenes, and some
good photographs of Maoris. During alterations a portion of the
Hawaiian colledlion has been exhibited in table cases in the Pi(fture
Gallery.

The attendance is checked off each public day and an enumera-
tion of nationalities made, and in a town of such mixed races this
is both interesting and instructive. In giving the table below it
.should be .stated (what the figures do not show) that many of the
schools both public aud private have availed themselves of the in-
strucftion the colledtions afford, and man\- hours have been spent
in the Mu.seum supplementary to the regular school exercises. By
means of an abundance of plain printed labels information has
been placed within the reach of all visitors except perhaps a few
of the orientals. The hours have been from 10 to 5 during the
summer months and from 10 to 4:30 during the winter, on Friday
and vSaturday; and also to accommodate passengers on the through
steamers the Museum has been open on the days these steamers
are in port.

l7s//ors to tlw Mi/sc'Kii/ .
TABLE OF ATTENDANCE.

ISil'.l. ^ 5

1 ' .1 1

J- •? *

£

1 i-

" 1 C 5

Totals.

.laiuiar.v i 372 So

Felmiarv 5],s 7;i

ilanli 472 7!)

\|ii-il (i4l) (U

2:J 7'.l 3l>

.-! IM 47

7 7.") c;

7 !l.". ."1

("7 4;i :n

-7 142 7.-!

!) 7-. ^s

4!l !IH 74

:i7 117 711

1!) E8 ■ 20

14 .:;) 7:;
2;) .".")

21
:!

4

s 1 17

S i!l
lil C,

1 1 2;)

12 IN

1 2 :'.4

17 .s4
V, 21
1.-! 4()
11 24
!l 24

.'561)
Si!)
699
S.-,4

May :57S G.S

.Tunc :i()i« l."ii

.579
7.">9

.Inlv ."i:n c)

7S4

AusiisT 47;) (51

SepteuibHr :^4S I8lt

Octohpi- S.-)!! 113

Xovpinbpi- :1X0 107

December ;>9(i 111

7.50
7.")2
.-)64
629
fi41

Totals .->224 1111

272 11'K;) C.Ul

1

41 141 :!.■)()

1 1

S39SI

It has been custoniar\- to close the Museum on Public Holi-
days, but the Trustees voted .shorth- before the end of the year to
keep the Museum open on all holidays except Thanksgiving and
Christmas. On two holidays thus open a solitar\- visitor came in
for a few minutes.

Classes from the Go\-ernment Normal School have spent some
time at the Museum making drawings of native implements. The
attendance of visitors has been most satisfactory considering the dis-
tance from town, the bad road, and unsatisfacliory tram car system.

At the lieginning of the year the I)irecl:or was without assist-
ance in the Museum work owing to the resignation of the Curator
Mr. Acland Wansey. February 15 Mr. John F. G. Stokes, who
had been appointed Assistant some time before, arrived from the
Colonies and at once took hold of hi-^ work with \igor and interest.
During the year in addition to his duties as acling general Curator
he has filled the post of Librarian. Mr. Allen M. Walcott had
been appointed A.ssistant while as a member of the P'irst Colorado
regiment in service in Manila, and he arrived August 14 and he
has since been bus>' in the general care of specimens. The Museum
had long been without a Taxidermist and much material in this
department had accumulated. The delay in filling the vacancy

lO Dii'c'ctor' s AiJiiiial Report. •

was due to the difficulty of getting someone who was more than a
mere "stuffer" of birds. Modern taxidermy demands an under-
standing mind as well as deft fingers, and a knowledge of and
sympathy with Nature. The Museum has profited by the delay,
for in the selection of Mr. \Vm. Alanson Bryan of the University
of Chicago (who arrived September 27) we have chosen a taxider-
mist fully able to meet all the needs of the Museum. Soon after
his arrival, on the recommendation of Mr. Bishop, Mr. Alvin Seale
was appointed collecftor of birds, a work in which he had already
acquired an enviable reputation. He arrived November S. It is
expelled that when the shore and sea birds of this group have been
obtained, he will go to other groups and add to our collections.
It is especially desired that the sea birds of the Pacific should
muster in full force in our cases, and for this end an expedition to
the Farallones of the Marianas and to the Chatham Islands would
be most desirable. In the meantime Nihoa should be visited for
the many species that breed there undisturbed.

In the spring the Trustees requested Dr. William H. Dall of
the United States National Museum to visit the Museum and ex-
amine critically the collecftion of shells made by Andrew Garrett
and increased by various purchases and exchanges. August 16 he
arrived and for two months made a most careful study of the col-
le(5lion and his notes and corrections are in hand with a view to the'
rearrangement of the shells in the most approved modern manner,
and also to the publication of the catalogue. His report to the

Director is as follows :

Bishop Museum,

Honolulu, Sept. 1899.
Dr. Wm. T. Brigh.vm,

Dirp:ctor Blshop Museum.
Dp;ar Sir: — I have the honor to make the following report
on the Garrett collection of shells belonging to the Museum, its
condition, the work which I have done upon it, and the work
which still remains to be done.

I may say by way of preliminary that I had originally intended

Dr. H. //. J\Urs Lctti-y. ii

to pass about three months at Honolulu, at work upon the col-
lection, but, other engagements having left me only about two
months for my visit to the Islands, this time was cut short. How-
ever, in the sequel this has proved not to be disadvantageous be-
cause, during the time at my disposal, I have done all that I could
do here in the way of revision, and found that , to complete the
work, I should require the greater facilities for access to literature
and investigations not 3-et in print, which are afforded me in
Washington. I have copied that portion of the catalogue which
relates to the groups for which such reference is necessary, and
will take this catalogue with me and make the revision upon it
and, when completed, return it to you from Washington. By a
rough calculation from averaging the entries on the pages of the
Vpe-written catalogue I find the collection contains between 8000
and 9000 species and about 25,000 specimens. Of these about
one-fourth are pulmonate landshells. All are neatly mounted on
card tablets with printed labels and very few are without complete
identification and locality.

As might be expected from Mr. Garrett's residence and con-
nections the colledlion is particularly rich in Pacific Ocean material
and leaving out of consideration a few great national collections
like those of London, Berlin, Washington and Geneva the Garrett
is among the most complete if not actually the best supplietl with
the shells of the Pacific Islands. The series of landshells of the
Solomon and Hervey groups is the finest I have seen anywhere,
and those of the Society Islands are probably very complete.

In the marine shells the Cones and Pleurotomoids are especially
rich and include many ver^-. rare forms. Scattered through the
collection here and there, I have found a number of extremely
rare forms which are common to only a ver}- few fortunate
museums. Several of these had been identified erroneously by Mr.
Garrett or his correspondents, with more common species and the
revision just made has corrected the error. A certain proportion
of the species were wrongly named, which is not surprising when
we con.sider that Garrett had no access to a large library or
mu.seum, and was obliged in great part to rely on the identifica-
tions made by more or less competent collectors with whom he ex-
changed specimens. A very valuable portion of the collection
consists in the series of type specimens of the species de,scribed as

12 Director s Ainiual Report.

new by Garrett and author's specimens of many of those named by
the late Mr. Wm. Harper Pease. These are of course unique and
essential to any thorough study of the Poh-nesian mollusk-fauna.

The work done h\ me was much facilitated by a type-written
catalogue of the collection prepared by yourself, without which it
is probable double the amount of time would have been required
for revision. In the first place I went critically over the colle(5lion
species by species to discover ( i ) whether the specific identifica-
tions are correct, (2) whether the species are referred to the proper
groups, (3) whether any typographical errors occurred on the reg-
ister or labels, and (4) whether the group names are those now
adopted by naturalists. In general the species appear to be very
corre(5lly named, ever3'thiug considered, though the names are not
always those in use at present. A small number of typographical
errors were detected, but probably no more than would be found
in most collecflions thus labelled.

The most important part of the revision consisted in the sub-
stitution of names in current use for others now obsolete but which
had been used by Garrett and his correspondents, and the cor-
rection of cases where one species had been received from different
places and correspondents under more than one name. A good
many such cases were found. All these correcflions have been
entered in red ink on the regi.ster of the collection except in cases
where some more lengthy explanation seemed necessary, in which
case notes were made on separate sheets of paper with cross refer-
ences to the regi.ster. Similar corrections will be made by me on
the copy of the portions of the register which I shall carry to
Washington and a skeleton of the classification at present adopted,
including families and genera in their natural order, will be re-
turned to you as soon as completed.

With this schedule of groups and the corrections noted to the
individual species in the register, the relabelling and rearrange-
ment in modern form of the entire collection will be mereh* a mat-
ter requiring intelligent clerical work which may be done by au}^
careful person whether acquainted with mollusks or not. I .shall
be glad, however, should it facilitate your work, to examine at
any time type-written copy intended for the printer so as to elimi-
nate any inaccuracies which might creep in.

I would recommend for the library the purchase of a copy of

CoUccfio)! of .Ifol/iisca . . 13

Dr. Paul Fischer's Manual de Conchyliologie, Paris, V. vSavy, 1888,
for reference. Though like all manuals it is behind the times in
some parts of its classification, yet it contains an enormous volume
of facts and man>- illustrations. It is almost indispensable as a
book of reference and costs onl}- some thirty francs.

To supplement Tryon's Manvial, which does not cover the
bivalves or the fresh water and terrestrial pedlinibranch gastro-
pods, probably the be.st iconography is the new edition of Chem-
nitz" Conchylien Cabinet, edited by Dr. W. Kobelt.

As a work giving the latest information on the anatomical
side the best is the new edition of Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen
der Thierreichs, Molluska, edited by Dr. H. Simroth. The pos-
session of these three works will put the library in a position to
meet any demands from students which are likely to be made on it
for some years to come.

\"ery respecflfully,

\VM. H. DAI.I.,
Palaeontologist U. S. Geol. Survey: Cur. Dept. Mollusks,
U. S. Nat. Mus., Washington, D. C.

Dr. Dall, who at the conclusion of his ^•isit met the Trustees
and accepted the title of Honorary Curator of Mollusca, prepared
a completely corrected list, in which all changes of name to suit
modern views are noted, and the material so arranged that it will
be possible to print the catalogue of what, in the opinion of Dr.
Dall, is a remarkably good collecT:ion, especially in the shells of
the Pacific Region. When these changes can be adopted and new
labels printed we shall have nearly 10,000 species arranged in the
most modern way. The duplicates are being arranged to facilitate
exchanges, but the native Achatinellidae, Avhich are most in de-
mand, we have not enough of for exchanges, nor can the\- be prop-
erlv determined until Messrs. Sykes in London and Pilsbry in
Philadelphia, who are now stud3'ing the family, shall have given
us the result of their labors which will doubtless relegate many of
the present species to the rank of varieties. The list of acce.s.sions
in this Department will appear later on .

14 Di?rctors Annual Report.

Publications. During the year the Trustees authorized the
publication of the first part of the Memoirs of the Museum con-
taining an illustrated account of Hawaiian Feather Work by the
Direc5lor. The edition of this work was limited to 300 copies.

The exchanges established by means of our publications have
already brought good returns : in no case has an exchange been
declined, and it will be seen by the li.st of exchanges appended
that man}' of the most important institutions pursuing the same
lines as this Museum are there represented: some of their most
valuable publications are already on our shelves.

During the year nearly 12,000 labels were printed for the
Conchological Department and many hundred for other depart-
ments. Large general labels, notices, receipts, tables, letterheads,
book plates, etc., have kept our printing office busy, and it has
been a very necessary assivStance to the work of the Museum. The
outfit has proved sufficient, and well suited to our needs. The
work of this office has called forth very gratifying approval from
some of the best judges abroad.

Ethnological Department. Early in the year we received
from a gentleman on the island of Malekula, New Hebrides, a
collec5lion of remarkable interest. The sacred tree drums of the
New Hebrideans have long been known to ethnologists, but I have
seen only one in any of the museums of Europe or America, — that
in the Musee de Marine in the Louvre. We have now two fine
specimens. What the wood is I am unable to say, but it is of re-
markable hardness and high specific gravity. The labor of exca-
vating the interior through the long longitudinal slit which is only
two inches wide must have been excessive. The drums are placed
in Polynesian Hall and one is shown in Fig. i. The total height
is 9 ft. 8 in.; circumference at base, 43 in.; length of slit, 47 in.
The drum not figured is smaller, the dimensions being 8 ft. 3 in.
high, 31 in. in circumference, slit 39 in. long, 2 in. wide. Photo-

fi-oiii Malckula .

15

Sped tin }i

graphs are in the Museum collediou showing groups of these tree
drums, and the manner of beating upon them by stones wrapped
in kapa or other vegetable fibre. The sculpture of the head is

broad and rude but evi- , ^^^ Hebrides ^

dently follows some can- . __ __,^

on as there is a strong-
family likeness. Idols
are made in similar
fashion but without the
void within. Two large
idols car\-ed from tree
ferns accompany these
( Fig. 2 ) . They are wor-
shipped by the sacrifice
of pigs, and in some of
the photographs the por-
cine bones of the offer-
ings mount to the chins
of the figures. The face
is decorated with color
of a chalky nature broad-
ly laid on. As the im-
ages stand the fern is
inverted, the root mass
serving for head. One
image is 7 ft. 10 in., the
other 7 ft. 4 in.

Four figures of a processional nature, made of bambu and
twigs, with caricatures of human heads. Two of the.se (Fig. 3)
have human crania with the facial region covered with some plas-
tic material, and the nose is inordinately prolonged as if in protest
against the niggardly allotment of Nature. The third has no hu-
man bone but cotton wool simulates it. The fourth is of a phallic

Fic;. I

i6

Director s Annual Report.

Fio. 2.

Sp(U'i»i('>is fioiii Ma Irk Ilia .

17

nature not unlike those used l)y the Japanese in certain festivals.
These Malekulan images were, when exhibited in public, adorned
with fern fronds and hibiscus flowers, the frames lasting for several
occasions. With these came some very neatly woven mats used

FIG. 3.

for women's dresses, scant but sufficient. Very important were
a complete skeleton of a Malekulan man and the skull of a woman.
The former has been admirably mounted and will be a most inter-
esting member of the collection it i ; hoped to have of all the diverse
tribes and races in this region. The female skull shows a curious

O. p.: B. p. B. M.— Vol. I., No. 2.

Director's Annual Report.

FIG. 4.

Moriori Iiiiplciiioits

19

feature : we are assured that it is customary to extract the four upper
incisors as an ante-nuptial precaution, and our skull is then that of a
married woman. We have been promised a complete female skeleton.
From the Chatham Islands we were fortunate enough to pro-
cure a colledlion of implements made nearly forty years ago by an
old resident. Since then an agent of an English museum has
swept the group bare. Moriori implements are very rare in col-

FIG. 5.

le(5lions and the people are nearly extinct. In many of the speci-
mens the Maori resemblances are plain, but the collecftion seems
worthy of a more complete exposition and illustration than can be
given in the limits of this report.

Usually we have been dependent on the "Morning Star" for
Micronesian specimens, but this year we have obtained from an-
other source several good things that were not in the Museum.
A curious hairpin (Fig. 4) with a Tercbra shell truncated and
cemented with a resin to a polished Mcleagriiia shell for a top, and
a band of beads of coconut shell and the red Spondylus so prized

20

Dircdoj^'s Annual Report.

in the Carolines. A good series of rasps { Fig. lo ) and two shell adzes
(Fig. 5) from the Gilbert Islands, and several good shell necklaces
were also added. In the Hawaiian matters we have received by
the kindness of Mr. C. C. Willoughby a cast of a most interesting

FIG. 6.

and peculiar stoue poi - pounder which I saw in the Peabody
Museum at Cambridge, Mass. A large flat stone dish (Fig. 6),
once in a heiau on Molokai, is the largest worked stone dish of
Hawaiian origin I have yet seen.

Natural History Department. From Mr. Koebele we
obtained some fine bird skins, and from Ward's Esta]:)lishnient at

hijormation Fiiniishcd . 21-

Rochester, New York, a laro^e colleclion of pakeozoic corals from
the Niagara region. From the same source we have obtained an
excellent series of n>ounted skeletons or vertebrates found in the
Pacific region. Among the mounted mammals furnished by
Ward's mention should be made of a fine Pacific walrus, a pair of
fur seals and a sea lion. Other accessions will be noticed in the
lists appended.

As a Bureau of Information. So far as has been possi-
ble the Museum staff have endeavored to answer questions as to
matters within the province of their work. Hitherto mOvSt of this
information has been sought by persons abroad, and of this two
illustrations may be given. We have in the colle(5lion one of those
most interesting stick charts {Mede) formerly used by the Marshall
Islanders. These have become ver}- rare as the}- have not been
made or used for many years, and those in the museums of the
world could be counted on the fingers of one hand. An ofhcer of
the Italian government sought some time ago for information con-
cerning this, and lately a distinguished geographer of Hamburg
has requested and obtained photographs and such information as
was available. So far as I am aware our specimen is the best
known, and we have also in necessary complement a model of the
stick compass used with the mede. This compass has not been
noticed by most of those who have studied the mede, and we owe
it to Dr. Hyde's painstaking that this was obtained and its use
learned from Marshall Islanders who had not forgotten the arts of
their ancestors.

In the United States several machines have been invented for
winding thread and cord in fancy patterns, and one form was
found desirable because it was most stable and kept its form until
nearly unwound. In litigation over the patent it was suggested
that this was a method of winding well known to this region, and
on appeal to this Museum photographs were sent which determined
the matter. The peculiar wind is interesting and as it is wide

22

Director' s Annual Report,

FIG. 7.

spread through Polyne.'^ia and Micronesia I give ilhistrations
(Figs. 7 and S) both of the coconut cord and of the imitation of the
inventive American. Many can remember in the early days of the
Micronesian mission Honolulu was well supplied with the trim
rolls of coconut cord and sennit brought b}' the "Morning Star."

F.x pi oration.

23

Much less success has attended the efforts of the Diredlor to
obtain for the information of visitors products of these islands.
The collection of samples is growing slowly but not by the help of
the producers who should be most interested. No plantation has
ever sent a specimen of sugar, rice, tea, fibres or fruit. I have by
purchase in the market or by the kindness of individuals collected
a number of typical producfts which will be on exhibition when

FIG. 8.

cases are provided for Hawaiian Hall, and it is hoped that then
colored casts of the many tropical fruits raised in private gardens
ma}' be added to the exhibition. Moulds of a number of rare
fruits have been made by the Director.

Exploration. In October, with Mr. J. F. G. Stokes, the
Direcftor at the instance of the Trustees visited Hawaii to measure
and critically examine the heiau of Wahiula, a temple originally
built by Paao when he made land in Puna and twice rebuilt. It
was the last to vield to the advance of Christianitv, and as it is in

24 Director' s Annual Report.

a remote and unfrequented place the remains are in comparatively
good condition and have been used neither for goat pen nor cattle
corral. The measurements and observations there obtained are
now being embodied in a model of the restored ruins. A more de-
tailed record of the survey will be reserved until an illustration of
the restored heiau can be prepared.

From the extreme of Puna we next went to Kilauea where
during ten days of perfect weather we photographed the w^alls of
the crater from nearly fifty different positions on all sides of the
circuit, and also made barometric observations to check levels.
This material will be utilized later in preparing a relief model of
Kilauea on a scale of xTolT- I^^ eighteen previous visits extend-
ing over thirty-six years I have never seen the volcsno so dormant :
It shows signs of entering into a solfataric condition which would
be most unfortunate for Hawaii. Many specimens of lava were
collecfted and by the kindness of Mr. F. Waldron of the Volcano
House some large and splendid specimens were added to our col-
le(5tion. Plants were not negleifted and photographs of both Waoke
and Mamaki, the two principal plants used in kapa-making, were
secured. Specimens of these and other plants were added to the
Herbarium. It was interesting to note how completely the Jap-
anese raspberry has become naturalized along the roads nearly
to the crater of Kilauea. It grows and bears in great luxuriance
and although its large fruit is not of first quality it is pleasant to
the taste and might, it would seem, be improved by judicious cross-
ing. The extension of plantations to within a few miles of the
volcano has destroyed the wild and beautiful scenery in great part,
and where sugar-cane is driving out coffee tlie broad coarse features
of the former are an unpleasant change frorii the fern and ohia of
the old and narrow trail.

I have asked ni}- assistants to notice for this Report some of
the specimens that seem notable. Mr. Stokes has also prepared a
complete list of the Corals, both palaeozoic and recent, in our col-
lection, and of the librarv accessions as well.

TH1-: MAT SAILS 01- THP. I'ACI1"IC.

By John 1-". G. Stokes, Assistant in the Musenni.

Of the useful arts in the Pacific Ocean mat-making was, in
former da^'S, one of the most universally pracfticed, the materials
used being the leaves of the Pandaniis odoratissiDuis, Hibiscus and
banana fibre, the fibre from the Phormium tenax , commonly known
as the New Zealand flax, and the sedges Cypcrus Icrvigatiis and
Scirpiis lacustris. Of these the Pandauus was in greatest request,
growing as it did most spontaneously throughout the tropics, and
existing in barren parts where most other plants would die. Being
an evergreen with abundant foliage the supply of material never
ran short. When prepared the leaves were very soft and pliable,
yet having sufficient stiffness to retain the strips in position when
weaving. The Hibiscus (that mainly used being the Paritium
tiliaceiim) was also plentiful, but more work being required to pre-
pare it and the mat woven therefrom not being equal to the Pan-
danus mat, less use of it was made. Only two or three species of
banana were grown for their fibre and these were limited to the
Caroline and Gilbert Islands, and while making a wonderfully fine
mat — one that appeared quite as fine as our coarser linen — it was
not as strong as Hibiscus or Pandanus and was manufa(5lured
mainl)' as an article of dress. The New Zealand flax was the best
known fibre in that country, but its use was confined to New
Zealand. As a durable article it has attracfted the attention of
European and American manufa(5lurers. The sedges, Cypcrus
liEvigatiis and Scirpus lacustris, while no doubt growing elsewhere,
were not used except on one of the Hawaiian Islands ; and there,
on account of the extreme softness of the material the mats were
very largely manufactured for the clothing of the chiefly families ;
but on account of the natural conditions surrounding its growth it
could never compete with the Pandanus in general usefulness.

It will thus be obsen^ed that of the plants known to the inhab-
itants of the Pacific Islands that most in demand, and which proved
itself most suitable to the wants of the multitude for the purpose of
making mats, was the Pandanus, and the mats made from it being
so .strong and pliable were always used (apart from New Zealand)
to supply the sails of their canoes. When visiting Samoa, La
Perouse described a kind of linen, .stating: "This is made of real

thread obtained, no doubt, from some fibrous plants, like the nettle

(25)

26 Director'' s Annual Report.

or flax, and is manufactured without a shuttle, the threads being
passed between each other as in making mats. This cloth, pos-
sessing the strength and pliability of ours, is well calculated for

the sails of their canoes " There can be little doubt that

this material was made from the bark of the Hibiscus, which on
being bleached and pounded by a process known to the Samoans,
somewhat resembled coarse flax fibre. However, there has been
nothing to prove that this cloth was ever used for sails, and
L,a Perouse is the only authorit}', ancient or modern, who sug-
gested the possibility of its being so utilized. The Maoris, of New
Zealand, used a sail of thick cloth or mat made in a frame from
New Zealand flax. This was the only fibre known to them.

The mode of preparing the Pandanus leaves was similar in all
the islands and the following description will suffice : The prickly
edges were plucked off with a shell, and the leaves then rolled up
and baked in a native oven. After baking the}^ were strung
together and placed in the sea to bleach for five to seven days, and
then rinsed in fresh water and placed in the sun for dr3'ing and
further bleaching. When thoroughly dry they were slit into thin
strips with another shell, which made them ready for the weaver.

When not weaving mats for sails the custom was for the
weaver to commence on the square base of the mat and after weav-
ing a strip of the proposed breadth, to continue to weave forward
until the required measurements were reached. This necessitated
the spreading out of the entire work over a level space on the
ground, and the weaver was obliged to move along as the mat
grew. Of course these mats, made for sleeping or wearing, it was
necessary to weave in one piece, but with the matting for sails the
process was simplified for the weaver, the mats being woven in
pieces of many shapes, which being of small size could be easier
handled by the maker. The sails throughout Micronesia were
always made in strips varying in width from four inches to three feet,
the Micronesians being particularly apt in this form of mat-making.
The Marshall Islanders, who are among the most expert canoe
builders and sailors in the Pacific, use a lapboard cut from bread-
fruit wood i^Artocarpus incisa) on which the mat is woven. The
board is arched and sets very comfortably in the lap of a person sit-
ting on the ground . The strips of matting as woven are passed from
the board and neatly rolled up. The accompanying illustration
(P"ig. 9) shows one of these boards and a sail strip, both being ex-

\H! HISHOH MURIUM

FIG. 9. BOARD FOR MAT WEAVING.

Mat Sails of the Pacific. 27

liibits in the Bishop Museum . The strip of mat has four dark strands
of dyed Hibiscus fibre woven in on top of the usual strands of Pan-
danus ; this is a favorite method of ornamentation among the Mar-
shall Islanders. The weaving commenced on the left side, and
the strands were cut to about twenty inches in length, being long
enough to pass round the three strands of Pandanus used to form
the border at the right and reach the left edge again, where after
being wo\-en in about half an inch the}' were trimmed off. It
might be noticed that at regular intervals along the left-hand
border some strands were allowed to protrude; at this edge, as
stated, the fresh strands were applied, and when secured four ends
out of every seven were trimmed off ; the three remaining butts
being left to guide the weaver in inserting the black ornamental
strands. This strip is 4^ inches wide, while the breadth of the
strands varies from -32 to yk inch.

Having woven a great length of sail the strips were placed
together with edges overlapping and sewed with a thread made
from coconut fibre or twisted Pandanus, the ends of the strips, on
the edges of the sail being turned under and doubly sewed with
the coconut fibre, which material is also used to bend the sail to
the spars. A sail made in this fashion is very strong and will
stand a great strain. It is about twice as heavy as an ordinary
mat, and little heavier than canvas, and if wet becomes danger-
ous to use when suspended from the mast. The Micronesians in a
rain storm prefer to lower the sail and roll it up in an envelope of
Pandanus or banana leaves which they generally carry for that
purpose.

The Hawaiian sail was made in strips, but that of Tahiti seems
to have been composed of several large square mats sewn together,
and could not have been a very strong combination. The New
Zealand sails were made of strips of the "flax" matting or cloth
and sewn together, and a handsome pattern of ornamentation fre-
quently introduced, i.e., that of the "bent knee." In all cases the
work of weaving devolved on the women, while the men attended
to the sewing and shaping of the sail.

The question may arise, "Why was it necessary to use mats of
any kind for sails? Was there no other material?" The only
other material within reach of the Pacific Islanders was the paper
cloth beaten out from the bark of various trees and called Kapa in

28 Diredo)-' s Annual Report.

the Hawaiian Islands, and Tapa or Siapo by other Polynesians.
This cloth was not tough or durable, and could stand little wear
even when dr}', while were it wet the fibre would soon become dis-
joined and the kapa be dispersed.

Who taught these people the use of the sail and whence they
procured their patterns is as much conjedture as is the origin of the
Polynesian race at the present day, but it might be interesting here
since it is generally conceded by competent authorities that the
Polynesians emigrated from some part of Asia, to give short de-
scriptions of the sails of the east coast of this continent, with those
of the Islands, made principall}' long before the time when the
influence of European civilization began to dominate the races
which are considered inferior. The authorities here quoted are the
voyages of the earliest Kuropean navigators, but great difficulty
has been experienced in gleaning information concerning the sails
from even these ; for, while the canoes in nearly every instance
took the fancy of the voyagers by their novelty, the sails were
passed by with but a word.

The Chinese sail has retained its shape since the first visit of
the Western civilizer, until very modern times, that .seen today
being practically the same which Anson saw on his visit : it was a
large trapezoidal sail, the breadth being less than the length, made
of mats woven from rattan {Calaniiis rotang) into long strips the
length of the sail — .stretched across the sail parallel to the top yard
and deck were bambu poles about three feet apart ; the reason for
this being to .strengthen the matting, and also no doubt to prevent
the sail bagging and carrying dead wind. The sail of the Japan-
ese was of a shape known as a square sail, attached to a large yard
at the top of a tall mast, its length being perhaps half as long again
as its breadth. This sail was composed of long narrow strips of
cloth running the length of the sail and laced together. It was
admirably suited for moving before the wind, but for tacking was
useless. In Formosa and the L^iu Kiu Islands the sails are after
the fashion of the Chinese, but the Liu Kiu people have also
been known to u.se sails of cloth. In the Philippine Islands, when
at Manila, La Perouse portrayed "A Parao or Passage Boat of
Manila" having two sails almost identical with those of the Chi-
nese, and being undoubtedly of Chinese origin. Throughout the
Malayan Archipelago mat sails were used, there being one general

Mat Sails of tlw Pacific. 29

form for all — a rectangular or rhoniboidal sail bent to a yard and a
boom, and construclied of strips of mat fastened together. It had,
with few exceptions, the breadth greater than the length, and was
generally slung from the mast at a considerable height from the
deck, with the after part of the sail raised above the fore part.
This pattern was found to the eastward as far as New Guinea, but
at various localities the rig was modified. At Amboina in place
of one mast two were erecled and bound together at the top,
resembling closely sheers used for raising the mast out of a vessel.
At Port Dorey and other settlements on Northern New Guinea
three masts were fixed, in a straight line, with the upper ends
fastened together. This sail w^as not seen east of New Guinea.
Making another commencement on the south coast of New Guinea
a sail entirely different was seen. The shape of this may be said
to have resembled an attenuated arrow head with the haft removed
and the tips of the thin barbs contradled. The sail was provided
with a sprit and a boom of equal length, the sprit being about twice
the height of the mast and having the lower end stepped in a chock
on the deck near the foot of the mast. The sailing canoes w^ere
double and sometimes treble, and carried tw'O or more sails. The
shape of this sail held with little variation among the islands to the
eastward almost as far as Fiji, and then became merged into the
triangular sail of the Fijians. The people of New Hebrides had a
sail shaped just as on the south of New Guinea, but the mast,
stepped on top of a house built on the deck inclined forward to lie
almost horizontal, and served more as a support for the sprit than
an appliance from which to fly the sail. The New Caledonian
sails were simply described as triangvilar. The sails of Fiji and
Tonga resembled those just described as regards the spars, but the
ends of the sprit and boom were wide apart and the sails extended
flush with the extremes.

To the north and north-west of Fiji, among the Gilbert Isl-
ands, Micronesia and the Marianas, the sails were more of the
latteen type than any others in the Pacific, but differed from the
latteen in having, besides a sprit or yard, a boom of almost equal
length. These sails were suspended from a mast which was set on
a platform built on the beams of the outrigger and standing direclly
over the gunwale next the outrigger. Of course there were minor
differences in the proportions peculiar to the many islands, but the

3© Director's Annual Report.

distiiicftion was more marked in the rigging and build of the canoe
than in the sail. These vessels sailed close to the wind, and were
shaped bow and stern alike. When tacking the helm was put up
instead of down, and the sail being shortened by rolling up partly
the heel was lifted from the notch it had been set in and carried to
the other end where it was again fixed — the sail being kept to lee-
ward of the mast. For the purpose of shortening sail two ropes
were passed through the masthead and fastened to the boom, one
on each side of the sail. It might be well to mention that the out-
rigger was always kept to windward of the hull when sailing, for
if to leeward the weight of the wind might easily force it under
water and a capsize would promptly ensue. The mast in some
places, the Caroline Islands notably, was inclined forward with the
sail, and with each tack the stays were loosed and the mast moved,
the masthead always leaning in the direction of the boat's course.

The Gilbert Islanders, besides the sail here described, which
was used for the larger craft, possessed a small sail bent to a mast
and a boom, the boom being fastened to hang at an angle of 50° to
the mast. This sail was used on a small canoe for a single indi-
vidual and was a simple sail for one man to work.

The Tongans had been noted sailors for many years, but they
admitted having acquired their proficiency through the Fijians,
whose methods and pattern they had adopted, and were considered
by some to have surpassed their preceptors. The Fijians early
made trading voyages to Tonga and Samoa, and while the Samoans
were reputed to have built wonderful vessels in ancient times and
to have led expeditions to far distant lands, our earl}- explorers
seemed to have little opinion of the Samoan vessels. Cook named
Samoa the Navigator's Islands, not from what he saw, but from
what the natives told him. Two kinds of sails have been found at
Samoa ; one was large and shaped like that of the Fijians, through
whom no doubt the pattern originated, and the other was like that
used on the Gilbert Island small canoe, and might properly be
considered as the type of the older Samoan sail. There are old
legends inferring that the Maoris of New Zealand set out from
Samoa, and it .should be here remarked that the sails described in
"Cook's Third Voyage" and by d'Urville in the Astrolabe, and fig-
ured in the voyage of the Coqnille, are of the same shape as the
Samoan lastly described.

/\av-ski)i Rasps. 31

The sail of the Society Islander was in the shape of a half moon.
A sprit or boom was fastened to the mast near the foot and curved
upwards to a height a third more than that of the mast, which was
vertical, the upper end of the sprit being dire(5lly over the mast-
head. The sail thus being enclosed in a case, and pracflically a
fixture when set, was awkward to work and when a squall came it
was necessary to keep the head of the vessel to the wind, for which
purpose several of the crew jumped into the water and swam at
the bow. The only means of reefing was to unloose the sprit
at foot and roll the sail around it. During squalls capsizes were
not uncommon and the means employed to right the vessel were
thus : After making everything fast the head of the sail was
brought to windward, and a line being taken from it and passed
over the outrigger (which was kept to leeward) several hands, by
their weight on the outrigger and pulling at the line, lifted the sail
out of the water some little way ; then, the wind getting under the
sail righted the canoe. Some men remained in the water to keep
the head to the wind, and when bailed the canoe continued her
voyage. Many of these canoes had two sails.

The Hawaiian sail was shaped somewhat like that of the
Society Islands, but the top of the sprit was on a level with the
masthead, near which it was held by a cord. The leech of the
sail dropped gracefully between these two points, like that of
Southern New Guinea. This sail, while no doubt having an
artistic appearance, was not the most effeClive, and as early as
1823, the Rev. Wm. Ellis in his "Tour Through Hawaii" wrote:
"The sails they now use are made of mats, cut in imitation of the
sprit sails of foreign boats, which they say they find much better
than the kind of sail they had when first visited by foreigners."

There are two other important groups of islands to be dealt
with — the Marquesas Islands and the Paumotu Archipelago. The
sail of the Marquesas Islands as seen by Cook in his second voy-
age and James Wilson in the Duff, 1796-8, was not of much value
to its owner, as at best it was a clumsy contrivance built after the
shape of the New Zealand sail but of indifferent materials, the
mast, boom and matting showing great want of care. These peo-
ple in Cook's time w^ere not such expert sailors as the other Pol)--
nesians, though Alex. Dalrymple states in his "Voyages and Dis-
coveries in the South Pacific Ocean," Ivondon, 1770, that w^hen

32 Dhrdoj^'s An mm I Report.

Mendana visited the group (1595) they had much better canoes
and sails than two hundred 3'ears later.

As regards the Paumotu Archipelago — these islands were little
visited in former times on account of the difficulty of the naviga-
tion. The gentlemen of the Wilkes exploring expedition were the
first to describe these parts, and there was no information given
concerning the sails. The Paumotuans had large double canoes
which traded between the innumerable small islands, and from a
model of a canoe in the Bishop Museum from Manihi Island it was
ascertained that the sails were similar to those of the Caroline Isl-
ands. The canoe model was made within the last twent}- years,
and there is little to show that the style of sail was not of modern
introduction. There are two sails on the model, suspended from
two vertical masts.

RAY-SKIN RASPS.

By Allen M. Walcott, Assistant in the Museum.

Among the specimens in the Gilbert Islands section of Poly-
nesian Hall are the four rasps shown in Fig. 10. These implements
are more or less common throughout the islands of the Pacific.
The outside or rasping portion is the skin from the back of a spe-
cies of Trygon or sting-ray not uncommon in the waters about the
islands. Any convenient piece of wood makes the handle and core,
No. 3 having for a center a portion of the leg of a foreign chair.
As this skin wdien dry cannot be bent readih' it is, while wet and
pliable, sewed firmly around the wood with coconut fibre thread.
It will be seen from the illustration that the tubercles on the differ-
ent rasps vary much in size, and this is due to the age of the fish
from which the skin is taken.

The various grades were adapted to the work to be done.
Almost their sole use was to enable the Gilbert Islanders to so
shape the edges of the boards of their canoes that when sewed
together they were water-tight. As the Gilbert Islands are low
coral atolls the trees are generally not large enough to be used for
dug-out canoes ; hence the necessity for using planks. These were
obtained from the breadfruit tree {Artocarpiis incisa). For the
making of the great proas, with a length of seventy feet and a

I
i

BERNICE PM/vHI BISHOP MUSEUM.

Kiia: :,iiv_ft.j-3.'^''

FIG. lO. RAY-SKIN RASFS.

Field Notes on the Birds of Oaliu. 3-5

depth of seven or eight, the nuinl)er of pieces and the work were
considerable. During the building each board, before it was per-
manently fastened, was placed upon its lower neighbor edge to
edge, between the two being a strip of pandanus leaf well covered
with charcoal. In this manner the points needing to be reduced
were blackened as a guide to the rasp. Such fine work was not
suitalde for the shell adzes of the islanders.

For many years the natives have generally used steel rasps,
when obtainable, in place of their less durable ones of ray-skin.
The effedtiveness of the latter while it is new is quite as great as
of those brought by the white man. However, the tubercles ordi-
narily could be used but a week at most, being often rendered
useless by but one day's hard work. The native name is Tapaugu.
In other island groups there were also in use, for reducing pur-
poses, shark-skin rasps, pumice and mushroom coral (Fungia),
some employing all methods while others knew of but one or two.

FIELD NOTES ON THE BIRDS OF OAHU, H. I.

By Alvin Seale, Collecftor for the Museum. November 12, 1899 to March 20, 1900.

Owing to the bubonic plague quarantine these observations,
since January 3, have been restri(5ted to the immediate vicinity of
Honolulu. The difficulty of collecling in these islands, with their
dense tropical jungles and knife-like mountain ridges, has been
mentioned by all former collecftors, and I can oul}- add, that while I
have collecfted in difficult places before, including the boggy tundra
of Siberia, the high mountains of Alaska, the Tamerack swamps of
Michigan, and the Everglades of Florida, I have found nothing that
could discourage an Ornithologist so much as one of these islands.
The different species of land birds found on Oahu are few in number.
Mr. Wilson, in "Aves Hawaiienses," gives but five existing forms,
as follows:

Order PASSERES. Family Drepanidae.

Vestiaria coccinea. Oreomyza maculata.

Himatione sanguinea. Chlorodrepanis chloris.

Order PASSERES. Family Muscicapidae.

Chasiempis gayi.

O. p.: B. p. B. M.— Vol. I., No. 3.

34 Directo7'' s Antuial Report.

Order LONGIPP:nnES. Famii^y I^aridae.

75. Sterna fuliginosa, Gmel. Ewaewa.

Sooty Tern.

Off the east coast of Oahu two large volcanic rocks, covering
perhaps 300 square feet, arise abrviptly from the water to the height
of 200 feet ; these rocks are about a half-mile distant from the
shore, diredlly off Mokapu point. Owing to the coral reef, Heeia,
six miles distant, is the nearest accessible point by boat. These
rocks are called Moku Manu (Bird Island). I resolved at once to
visit them. On January 3, taking two expert native boatmen from
Heeia, I started down the coast. lyong before the rocks were
reached I could see multitudes of birds hovering in the air above
the rocks and looking exadlly like a swarm of bees. When about
a quarter of a mile away I began to hear the noise and gabble.
As we got nearer the big Frigate Bird {F. aquila) could be seen
sailing about and soaring up to wonderful heights, surrounding
these birds like clouds, but not arising to such great heights, were
Sooty Terns {Sterna fuliginosa), which by thousands were the
most abundant bird on the rocks. Flying among these birds were
many Noddy ( A nous stolidus) , very conspicuous by their dark color.

One big Albatross (probably Diomedea chinetisis) took flight
as we were quite near the rocks; unfortunately our shot (No. 8)
proved too small and the distance a little too great, as this very
desirable bird merely shook his feathers to rid them of the shot
and swept sereneh' past us, turning his head to give the boat a
very sagacious look as he took his leave. Sooty Terns by the
thousands were sitting about all over the rocks and flj'ing around
our boat in swarms, so near one could hit them with an oar. The
din raised by their cry and the noise of their wings was so great
one had to shout at the top of the voice to be heard two or three
feet distant. The rocks were honey-combed with burrows and
must be an ideal nesting place. I looked in vain for a landing;
owing to the direction of the waves there seemed to be no lee shore ;
on the south side one could land on a calm day, but the sea was
too high, and so the attempt to land was given up, to my great
disappointment .

A good series of Soot}- Terns and Noddy was obtained. One
of the specimens, a male Stcnia fuliginosa, was in full breeding
plumage, the delicate bluish flush covering the entire under sur-

Field Notes 0)1 the Birds of Oahu. 35.

face excepting the neck, which with the forehead is pure white;
top of head and lores, jet black ; wings, mandible, top of neck, all
sooty black. This specimen's measurements* were as follows:
Length, 18.25; wing, 11.87; t^^^- 5- 19; the two outer feathers^
8.25; culmen, 1.81; its depth at nostril, .37; tarsus, .93; mid-toe
and claw, 1.19. Palmer found this tern nesting on lyaysan and
French Frigates Shoals.

79. Anous Stolidus, Linn. Noddy.

All the birds of this species shot at Moku Manu on January 4
were in dull winter plumage of uniform sooty brown ; top of head
hoary gray merging gradually into sooty brown on the hind neck ;
lores, bill, feet, wings and tail black. The reproduc1:ive organs
were ver}' minute, in strong contrast to the organs of the Sooty
Terns taken on the same day. Length, 17.5; wing, 10.5; tail,,
6.19; culmen, 1.64; its depth at nostrils, .37; mid-toe and claw, 1.60..

One specimen, an immature male taken at Moku Manu
January 4, gives the following measurements: Length, 17.5;
wing, 1 1.6; tail, 5.63; tarsus, r; culmen, 1.39; its depth at nos-
trils, .43 ; mid-toe and claw, 1.46. This specimen, while exceeding
the largest measurements of the adult shows unmistakable signs of
immaturity in the dark line along the upper wing-coverts, a gen-
eral lighter color to the plumage and a soft bill. This specimen
has the gray coloring of the head confined to the forehead ; super-
ciliary stripe almost pure white ; lores, black ; abdomen with a
decided grayish ca.st ; faint fieckings of gray appear on the under
wing-coverts ; bill, black, shorter and stouter than in mature birds,
with a prominent keel ; wings, black ; feet and tarsus a blackish
brown. The mantle has less plumbous, and the wing-coverts are
much lighter than in the mature bird.

Anous hawaiiensis, Rothsch. Noio.
Hawaiian Tern.
December 23, while shooting near a shallow pond on the east
coast of the island, four of these graceful terns came flying past
and I secured three. These have the upper part of the head, top
and sides of neck, lavender gray, much lighter on the head and
merging into sooty black on the upper mantle. Lores, throat,

*The measurements in the foHowing paper are all in inches, and tog^ether with the color
markings were taken from specimens in the flesh.

36 Director' s Annual Report.

under neck, under surface of body, mantle and wings, sooty black ;
ieet and tarsus yellowish brown ; webbs, yellow ; iris, dark brown.

The "light ashy green" on the hind neck and upper part of
the interscapular region, which Mr. Rothschild speaks of in "Avi-
fauna of lyaysan," is presumably chara(5leristic of summer plumage,
as these winter specimens fail to show such coloring.

lycngth, 13; wing, 9; tarsus, .88; its depth at nostrils, .25;
culmen, 1.53 ; mid-toe and claw, 1.34.

Order STEGANOPODES. Family Phaethontidse.

113. Phaethon lepturus, Lacep. & Daud. Haakoae.
Red-billed Tropic Bird.

Three times I have observ^ed these birds sailing about the
ridges of Waiolani mountain above Honolulu, at about 1000 feet
elevation. Few birds can excel the grace and ease of this bird's
flight among the cliffs of the mountains. This species occurs on
all the islands.

Order ANSERES. Family Anatidse.

143. Dafila acuta, Einn. Pintail.
December 23, I accepted the courteous invitation of the Hono-
lulu Gun Club to accompany them on a shoot over their preserv^es
in the vicinity of Waimanalo. Decoys were spread in the early
dawn and twenty ducks were secured. I am told this was an un-
usuall}' small bag for the club, being but three ducks to the man.
A large number of plover were taken, however, to make up the
deficiency. Sixteen of these ducks were of the above species.
The remaining four were the native Hawaiian duck.

Anas wyvilliana, Sclater.

This duck is fairly common on the island among the tule
swamps and ponds near the coast. Length, 18.50; wing, 9.67;
tail, 2.37; tarsus, 1.46; culmen, 2.12; its depth at nostrils, .61;
mid-toe and claw, 1.81.

Order HERODIONES. Family Ardeidse.

Nycticorax griseus, Wiggl. Auku.

Black-crowned Night Heron.

These are common about the marshes in the vicinity of Ka-

huku. During the day they usually hide in dense clumps of trees

Field Notes 0)1 the /h'rds of Oaliii . 37

near the coast or up the narrow canons. One was taken at Ka-
hiiku December 31, and two were shot in the vicinity of Waima-
nalo December 23. Length, 25; wing, 12.57; ^^i^^- 3-i9; tarsus, 3;
mid-toe and claw, 3.57. This bird is found on all the islands.

Order PALUDICOL.^. Family Rallid^.

Gallinula sandvicensis, Street. Alae.
Mud Hen.
These birds are common in the tule swamps, kalo patches and
fish ponds all over the island. The specimens taken show a de-
cidedly red tarsvis.

Order LIMICOL^-E. Family Scolopacidae.

248. Calidris arenaria, Linn. Hunakai.
Sanderling.
The Sanderling is by no means an uncommon bird here dur-
ing the winter months. On December 21 six were observed during
one afternoon along the sandy northern shore of the island, in the
vicinit}- of Kahuku. It is interesting to watch these little birds
following the retreating wave down the sandy beach, and their
a(ftive scramble for the freshly uncovered Crustacea. I have fre-
quently seen them running along the beach with the end of the
bill held firmly in the sand, literally plowing out their food. The
specimens taken were all in very light winter plumage. No doubt
this bird occurs on all the islands of the group, although it has
only been reported from Kauai and Niihau.

259. Heteractitis incanus, vStejn. Ulili.
Wandering Tatler.
This bird could teach an "Ancient Mariner" many things of
the sea. Its knowledge and judgment of the waves is nothing
short of wonderful. They know perfectly well the rhythm of the
sea, and just how many big heavy waves will come pounding over
their rocks before there is a lull ; this they show by running far
down on the rocks after the third wave, knowing that the fourth
will be smaller and not large enough to knock them from their
new feeding ground. They also know perfe(5tly well if the in-
coming wave is going to break or merely swell past them, their
judgment in this matter being better than my own, although I

38 Director" s Annual Report.

have spent much time by the sea. When heavy seas were run-
ning I have been perfectly astonished at the rapidity with which
they followed up the retreating waves, gathering up the dainty
bits of food cast up, and judging with perfect accuracy how far
they could follow down the rocks in safety before the next wave
came on. They are a wary bird and difficult to approach. One
has to advance when they are busy feeding, and "freeze" — i.e.,
be perfedlly motionless — when the}' are looking until they fancy
■one is a rock, their power to discriminate their enemies being less
than that of the native land birds. When alarmed they fly up with
a cry like U-1-i-l-i, uttered in a voice clear as a bell.

During the winter months these birds can usually be found
singly or in pairs along any rocky portion of this coast, being about
as common here as they are on the west coast of the United States
or AlavSka. Three specimens were taken in the vicinity of Wai-
manalo December 23, and one at Heeia January 3. These were
all in winter plumage and showed no signs of the barred breast
markings. The nasal groove w^as two-thirds as long as the culmen.
Length, 12; wing, 7.56; tail, 2.87; tarsus, 1.50; mid-toe and claw,
1.33; culmen, 1.63; nasal groove, i.io.

Order LIMICOL^. Famii.v Charadriidse.

272a. Charadrius fulvus, Gmel. Kolea.

Pacific Golden Plover.

During the past four months, November-March, the Pacific
Golden Plover has been very abundant, especially in the rocky
pastures, along the seashore, and in the inland valleys, to an ele-
vation of 200 feet. On December 21a walk of three miles, in the
vicinity of Kaliuku, resulted in seeing 205 of these birds by aclual
count ; they were scattered about singly or in groups of three or
four. These birds have a clear whistled note which changes to an
entirely different and rapid alarm cry as they take to their wings.
I have frequently decoyed them by throwing my hat in the air.
About nightfall the plovers come in bands to feed by the shallow
ponds and sloughs near the shore, a habit that results in the de-
struction of hundreds of birds by Still Hunters.

December 21 eleven specimens were shot along the northern
shore of the island in the vicinity of Kahuku. Nine of these were
males in characteristic winter plumage, showing no black on the

Field Notes on the Birds of Oalin. 30

ventral surface ; the slight dark streakings on the neck merge into
indistinct light brownish niottlings on the breast. It is remark-
able, in contrast to this, how bright the plumage on the dorsal
surface remains during the entire year. The average measure-
ment of the nine male specimens was as follows: I^ength, 9.98;
bill, .91 ; wing, 6.48; tail, 2.34; tarsus. 1.72; mid-toe and claw,
1.25 ; culmeu, .85. The plover is found on all the islands durincr
the winter months. I am told it leaves the islands about Ma}- i,
and returns sometime in August.

Order LIMICOL.^. FAMri.v Aphrmd^e.

283. Arenaria interpres, Linn. Akeke.

Turnstone.

In regard to the Turnstone, I have the following entry in my
notebook: "Nov. 22. — Two Arenaria interpres were shot near a
small pond in the vicinity of Kahuku : these were males in winter
plumage." "December 21. — Turnstones are common in the rocky
pastures near the northern shore of the island. They are usually
seen in small flocks of three or four, frequently consorting with the
Golden Plover {C . fulvus) .' ^

These birds are quite wary and usually fly before one is within
range. Twenty of these birds w^ere counted during one hour spent
in the field. All the specimens taken on this island fall short on
the wing measurements. Of six specimens the longest wing was
5.61, while the average was 5.50. L,ength, 9; wing, 5.50; tail,
2.31; tarsus, i; culmen, .86; mid-toe and claw, 1.19. Found on
all the islands.

Order RAPTOREvS. Famiev Bubonidse.

367. Asio accipitrinus, Pall. Pueo.

vShort-eared Owl.

In the vicinity of Honolulu this owl is quite abundant. My

first specimen was shot November 23 at an elevation of 1000 feet.

This was a male in characteristic plumage, with a very dusk}-

frontal patch. Another specimen was taken in Kalihi valley,

elevation of 200 feet. This was an adult male in the most

beautiful plumage ; the upper surface is much lighter than

in the November specimen ; the under tail-coverts are pure

white merging into a very pale buffy white on upper abdomen;

40 Director's Aniuml Report.

dusky frontal patch conspicuous. Another, a female in very dark
plumage, was taken March 15. The ovary of this bird contained
twenty-one small eggs, ranging from the size of No. 6 shot up to
the size of a large pea.

These owls come out about sunset and fly around near the
ground, uttering every little while their cry of P-we-o from which
they get their native name. I have frequently watched three or four
hawking about in Kalihi valley at sunset ; they sail quietly along,
just skimming the tops of the low guava bushes and grass, alight-
ing occavSionally to pick up a stray insect. The stomachs of the
three taken, however, were entirely destitute of food, perhaps
owing to their being taken early in the evening. I have decoyed
these birds within range by sailing my hat in the air. The Pueo
is found on all the islands. Length, 14; wing, 12.5; tail, 5.75;
tarsus, 1.62; culmen, .68; its depth at nostril, .62; mid-toe and
claw, 2.

Chasiempis gayi, Wilson. Elepaio.
Oahu Fly-catcher.

This is the most common native land bird to be found on the
island. One will usually see at least three or four during a day's
hunt in the mountains. On March 14, a particularly favorable
day, I observed eighteen by a(5tual count. This Fly-catcher, un-
like all the other birds of the island, does not regard man as its
greatest enemy; a condition resulting, no doubt, from years of
worship by the natives, for this bird was the god of the canoemen
and gave judgment on all the timber used in boat-building. Its
usual haunt is the densely wooded cations at an elevation of from
800 to 1300 feet. It is a most adlive and interesting little bird and
can easih' be called quite near by a slight kissing sound made with
the lips to the back of one's hand — a ver^^ good imitation of one of
their calls. Their usual call, however, is a loud, clear whistled
El'-ep-aio, from which it gets its native name. Another common
note is a slight variation of the above, sounding like a whistled
T6o-wee-oo ; still another frequently heard is a sharp Wheet', whto.
When approaching one it scolds in words sounding like Chrr, chrr.
In all I have counted seven different calls or notes from this bird.
They have a habit, when excited, of spreading their tail and flipping
it up to almost right angles with their body. The}' are not at all
afraid, as I have had them approach within twenty inches of mv face.

Field Notes 0)1 the Birds of Oa/iii. 41

The Klepaio is always keenly alert for insecfls, and occasion-
ally takes them on the win"^ with an audible snap of the bill. In
the large series of these birds taken all had their stomachs perfectly
gorged with insects and larvce. I have frequently timed them to
see how many insects they really would destroy in five minutes.
One feeding almost within reach of me in that length of time caught
first, a leaf-hopper; second, a small moth; third, another leaf-
hopper; and fourth, a caterpillar that required three or four gulps
to swallow, it was so large. The strange thing is they seem to be
always feeding, so the rapidity of their digestive power is remark-
able. To birds other than their own tribe the Elepaio is a pugna-
cious little body, and I have seen them chase the larger Apapane
(//. sa?iguiuea) away from a particularly good feeding ground.
By February i the mating season had arrived for these birds, and
I observed them sporting with their mates. As yet I have been
unable to find their nests. On March 14, however, I shot a female
with an Q^g, now in the Bishop Museum, that was almost ready
for exclusion.

This bird shows the most remarkable range of variations in its
plumage, so that a very large series is required to gain any ade-
quate idea of the age and seasonal variations. Not wishing to
kill more than was absolutely necessary, the number of these
birds taken was confined to six to ten each month, nothing near
a duplicate has yet been found. For example, I have before
me a male taken January 3 : bill, entirely black ; feet and tarsus,
dark with bluish cast; eye, dark hazel; general color above, tawny
ochraceous, brightest on upper tail-coverts and sides of neck ;
top of head very little brighter than mantle ; the feathers of the
mantle are broadly tipped with brighter ochraceous which gives
the mantle an indistinctly mottled appearance ; the rufous of the
upper tail-coverts extends as a band entirely around the anal re-
gion of the body, although not so bright on the under tail-coverts;
wing-coverts tipped with bright rufous and without any trace of
white ; throat, breast and flanks, tawny ochraceous ; belly and tips
of tail feathers, except the two middle ones, white ; testes enlarged,
.29 X.I 9. This was a bird that would evidently breed the coming
season. Length, 5.16 ; wing, 2.63; tail, 2.25; tarsus, .93; cul-
men, .50; depth at no.strils, .19; mid-toe and claw, .62. A male
taken March 15, with plumage exaclly the same shade of color,
with possibly a shade less of rufous on flanks and breast, has

42 Director's Anmial Report.

the immature yellowish under mandible with only the under part
at tip dark. Length, 5.50; wing, 2.56; tail, 2.25; tarsus, .87;
mid-toe and claw, .56 ; testes, minute.

The approach to maturity in these birds, as shown by our
large series, is as follows: First, the ear-coverts become dusky;
next, the under mandible becomes black with only a narrow line of
yellowish along the cutting edge. At this period the buff}-
white of the mid-breast has changed to pure white, and a
buffy white patch about one and one-half the length of the culmen
appears under the chin. The dusk}^ area about the ear-coverts
has increased in size so they extend from a line with the pupil
of the eye to half-way down the neck. Fleckiugs of dusky ap-
pear in the rufous on each side of under neck. The tips of the
greater and middle wing-coverts .show white in the centre sur-
rounded with the bright rufous. Buffy white appears on the lores,
the coloring on the head becomes less ochraceous. Thus the
changes go on until we have the well known adult plumage, with
the pure white tail-coverts ; white tips to the wing-coverts ; black
on throat, preceded by the restridted white area about as long as
the culmen. The pattern of this white patch varies in each indi-
vidual, but in fully mature specimens a narrow band of white
extends entirely around the forehead at the base of the upper man-
dible, widening out over the lores — which are entirely white, but
with black bases to the feathers — and joins broadly with the white
of the throat. At the ba.se of the lower mandible is a small patch
of black ; on the lower neck the white gradually disappears as tips
to the feathers of the neck and fore breast ; the mantle is brownish
with rufous cast and has indistinct white tips to the feathers of the
lower part. Our series shows no difference between the male and
female. Confined to Oahu island. Length, 5.50; wing spread,
7.75; wing, 2.51; tail, 2.18; tarsus, .83; culmen, .54; mid-toe
and claw, .56.

Vestiaria coccinea, Forster. liwi.

This beautiful bird, once so common on the island, is now very
scarce. During the entire four months I have been colle(5ting only
two have been secured. Another has recently been presented to
the Museum through the courtesy of Dr. Huddy of Honolulu.
However, these birds are probably more abundant in the Waianae
mountains, which I have not been able to explore because of the

Field Notes o>i the /y/rds of Oaliit . 43

quarantine. On February 27, while colle(5ling in the large bhia for-
est of Waiolani mountain, at an elevation of 1300 feet, I saw an liwi
enter a fresh-built nest in an ohia tree {Metrosidcros polymorplia) .
I secured the old bird and the nest ; unfortunately, however, there
w^ere no eggs, the nest not being quite complete. The bird
is a female in beautiful summer plumage. General color, a
bright vermilion ; wings and tail, black ; inner two feathers of
secondaries, white; feet, light vermilion ; bill, vermilion, darker at
tip; eye, hazel. The stomach contained the remains of inse(5ls
and ohia stamens. I^ength, 6; wing, 2.87; tail, 2; tarsus, 1.12;
culmen, .97. The nest was placed about 40 feet from the ground,
and was well secured in the crotch of three small branches, at the
end of a big limb standing straight up for 1 2 feet without any lower
branches. The nest was completely hidden by leaves and the yel-
low ohia blooms ; the exterior was composed of club moss and
small twigs ; the inside was of moss, fern pulu, and hair-like fibres
from leaves ; outside it was 5-7 in diameter ; inside, 3.5-2 ; depth, 2.

Himatione sangiiinea, Gmel. Apapane.

While the Apapane is by no means abundant it is still not
uncommon in the mountains of Oahu. They are found in the ohia
forests at an elevation of 1000 feet. These birds begin to pair
about the middle of February, and I frequently saw them sporting
as they flew acrcss the cafion. They may be easily decoyed by
giving their call of Cheep in a soft whistle. On February 27
three of these birds alighted on an ohia tree quite near me, and
one which proved to be a male spread out his wings like a strut-
ting turkey cock and danced gracefully to the great satisfaction of
the spectators. These birds when flying make a drumming noise
with their wings w^hich sounds like the tapping of a woodpecker
in the distance.

On March 3, at an elevation of 1200 feet on Waiolani moun-
tain, I heard an Apapane singing from an ohia tree. There were
two, a male and female ; I gave the call, a faint cheep, cheep,
and the female flew into the tree under which I was standing and
was taken. The male continued to sing, his notes being a sweet
whistled Hop-o-lee, ch-ch-ch, lee-lee, cha-lee, cha-lee, cha-lee.
liquid and beautiful, with frequent changes in the arrangement
and abreviations of the above sounds. They usually, as in this
case, continue moving rapidly about from one branch to another,

44 Director's Annual Report.

taking good care to keep themselves well screened behind thick
bunches of leaves, for they are a suspicious and wary bird. After
watching this bird for some time I hardened my heart and added
him to the collecftion in the Museum. I have found five nests of
this species, but as yet no eggs. The nests are visually in the ohia
trees. A fresh nest taken February 23 measures 5X5 in diameter
on the outside, and 2.25X2 on the inside ; depth, i.io. This nest
was found in an ohia tree about 20 feet from the ground; elevation,
1300 feet. The outside of the nest was of moss interwoven with
small leie roots, with a foundation of small twigs ; the inside was
of fine hair-like dried fibres of leaves which looked almost like horse-
hair. With a good microscope I carefully examined the stomach
contents of ten Apapane ; remains of insecfts and larvae together
with bits of stamens and pollen from the ohia were found in all.

The Apapane is a bright crimson in color, brighter on the
head ; slightly gray shading into white on lower belly, and under
tail-coverts white ; tails and wings, black. Our series of twenty
specimens will not corroborate Mr. Wilson's statement in the "Aves
Hawaiienses" that "the females differ from the males in having the
general crimson of the plumage of a distincftly lighter shade, while
the crimson on the outer edge of the secondaries is of the same
.shade as the rest of the plumage, whereas in the males it is of much
lighter tint." In the birds before me all the fully adult specimens,
both male and female, have the edging of the secondaries the same
color as the mantle; while in the immature of both sexes the edging
of the secondaries has a yellowish color ; they probabh- do not lose
this sign of immaturity until the second year, as I have taken birds
that were nesting which still showed a faint trace of orange-yellow-
ish on their secondaries. In general color the difference in the
sexes is so slight as to often be unappreciable.

A young female just beginning to assume the first indica-
tion of red was taken February 27. The general color of this
bird was grayish tinged with dirty ochraceous ; belly and un-
der tail-coverts, white ; a slight trace of crimson appearing on
head and mantle ; edgings on the outer webs of the secondaries and
wing-coverts, reddish buff ; base of lower mandible, yellowish ; a
slight white marking near the end of the outer webs of the second,
third and fourth primaries as in adult birds. This specimen meas-
ured as follows : L,ength, 5; spread of wing, 7; wing, 2.53; tail,

Field Notes on the Birds of Oahii. 45

1.77: tarsus, .83; cuhneii, .61; its depth at base, .19. This bird
is found on all the islands.

Okiii'K PASSKRIvS. . Family Drepanidse.

Chlorodrepanis chloris, Cab. Amakihi.

Although these birds are not rare I have only secured three.
They are so small and their color matches so well the green of the
foliage as to make it almost impossible to distinguish them. Their
faint little note, sounding like ss ss hissed in a subdued tone,
seems to come from almost anywhere and is a poor guide to their
location. They are found on the wooded mountain ridges and in
the caiions at an elevation of about iioo feet. An immature male
(No. 1335) was taken January 30 on Waiolani mountain at an ele-
vation of 1087 feet. This bird was busily engaged in looking for
small insects among the branches of a koa tree. Its stomach con-
tained five small larvae and the remains of two adult flies. On
February 21 I shot another (No. 1343) while feeding on small in-
secls which I saw it picking from the leaves and branches of an
ohia bush at an elevation of 1049 feet. This bird was accom-
panied by another which I thought to be its mate, for it soon re-
turned to the same bush and was taken (No. 1344). These two
specimens, a male and female, were in ver}' immature plumage
and their organs showed no signs of development ; so instead of
being mated they may have been merely members of the same brood.

All of these specimens have the well curved horn- colored bill,
with light yellowish on the base of the lower mandible. The feet
and tarsus are dark with a raw umber tint. All have the greater
and middle wing-coverts tipped with whitish, surrounded with a
faint trace of olive green ; primaries and secondaries dark with
greenish edge to outer webs, which merges into light gray towards
the tips ; secondaries with more or less white on upper part of inner
web ; tail, dark with greenish outer edge to all the feathers except
the two outer feathers, which show a faint edging of grayish;
lores, grayish ; back, tinged with olive green. In No. 1335, evi-
dently an older bird, the coloring is brighter on the sides of head
above the ear-coverts ; there is also a bright yellow superciliary
stripe ; under parts, buffy white streaked with yellowish on throat
and breast; lower abdomen and under tail-coverts, white. Following
are the measurements of the three specimens: No. 1335.^ Length,
4.5; spread of wing, 7.75; wing, 2.56; culmen, .62; its depth at nos-

46 Director's An7iual Rep07't.

tril, .19; tarsiivS, .75; mid-toe and claw, .68. No. 1343.^ Length,
4.5; spread of wing, 6.5; wing, 2.50; tail, 1.50; culmen, .56; its
depth at nostril, .19; mid-toe and claw, .63. No. 1344.9 Length,
4.75; spread of wing, 6.5; wing, 2.43; tail, 1.50; culmen, .56; its
depth at nostril, .19; mid-toe and claw, .75. Confined to Oahu
island.

ADDITIONS TO THE LIBRARY DURING uSgg.

[Those marked with an asterisk were ol)tained by exchange.]

Adler, Herman. — Oak galls and gall flies. 8vo. Oxford, 1894.
Allen, Harrison. — Study of Hawaiian skulls. 8vo. Washington,

1895-

Anthropologie, Revue d". 8vo. Paris, 1872-1889, 18 vols.

Anthropologic de Paris, Societe d'. 8vo. Paris, 1860-1893.

Archivio per Antropologia e la Etnologia. 8vo. Firenzi, 1871-
1897, 27 vols.

*Asiatic Society' of Bengal. Proceedings for 1899, Nos. 1-8; Jour-
nal, Vol. Ixviii., Part ii, No. i ; Journal, Vol. Ixviii., Part iii,
No. I.

Atkinson, Geo. E. — Biology of Ferns. 8vo. New York, 1894.

*Au.stralian Museum. Catalogues: No. 4, Australian birds, parts
i-iv.; No. 8, x\ustralian hydroid zoophytes; No. 12, Nests
and eggs of birds found breeding in Australia and Tasmania:
No. 13, Sponges; No. 14, Fishes, Part i.; No. 15, Marine
.shells, Parts i., ii. and iii.; No. 16, Australian mammals;
No. 17, Tunicata, Records, Vol. ii., Vol. iii., 6 parts. Memoirs:
No. I, History and description of the skeleton of a new sperm
whale; No. 2, Lord Howe Island; No. 3, Atoll of Funafuti,
Ellice group, 1896-99; No. 4, Scientific results of the trawl-
ing expedition of the "Thetis" off the coast of New South
Wales, Part i., 1899.

Bains, Thos. — Greenhouse and stove plants. 8vo. London, 1894.

Baker, J. G. — Summary of new ferns since 1874. 8vo. Oxford, 1892.

Bateman and Bennett. — Book of Aquaria. London, i2mo.

Berenger-Feraud. — Les peuplades de la Senegambie. 8vo. Paris,
1879.

Bevan, Theo. F. — Toil, travel and discovery in New Guinea.
8vo. London, 1890.

.Iddifions fo tlw Library. ^.y

Bicknell, Arthur C. — Travel and adventure in Northern Queens-
land. 8vo. London, iiSgs.

Blackman, W. F. — The making of Hawaii. 8vo. New York, 1H99.

Boulenger G. A. — Catalogue of perciforni fi.shes in the British
Museum. Vol. i., 8vo. London, 1895.

Bourne, Gilbert C. — On stru(ftures and affinities of Heliopora
coerulea. London, 1895.

Bramer, John C. — Notes on the Botocudos and their ornaments.
1888.

British Admiralty : Sailing Dire(5lions. Pacific islands, western
groups, Vol. i. Part i., 1890. Supplement, 1894. Part ii.,
1891 . Pacific islands, central and eastern groups, Vol. ii., 1891 .

British Museum. Catalogue of Lepidoptera Phalsense with plates,
Vol. i., London, 1898; Catalogue of Perciforni Fishes, Vol.i.,
London, 1895 ; Catalogue of Mammalia, Part i., Cetacea,
i2mo., 1850; Antiquities from the city of Benin, fol. 1899.

Broca, Paul. — See Revue d'Anthropologie.

Buchanan, John. — The indigenous grasses of New Zealand. Well-
ington, 1880.

*California Academy of Sciences, Proceedings: Botany, Vol. ix.,
Nos. 1-9; Zoology, Vol. i., Nos. 1-12; Geology, Vol. i., Nos.
1-6; Physics, Vol. i., Nos. 1-6.

Carpenter, E. J. — America in Hawaii. Boston, 1899.

Conklin, E. G. — Embryology of Crepidula. 8vo. Boston, 1897.

*Conne(fticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, Transacftions, Vol. x.
Part I. New Haven, 1899.

*Cope, E. D. — Syllabus of le(5lures on the vertebrata. Svo. Phila-
delphia, 1898.

*Cory, Chas. B. — Birds of eastern North America, Part i., Water
birds. Chicago, 1899.

Cowrie, A. — English-Sulu-Malay dicftionary. London, 1893.

Cox, J. C. — Notes on two wax figures from an aboriginal camp
near Rockhampton, Queensland.

Crookshank, E. M. — Bacteriology. 8vo. London, 1896.

Danielli, Jacopo. — Contributo alio studio del tatuaggio negli antichi
Peruviani. Firenze, 1894.

Darwin, Charles. — Origin of Species. 8vo. London, 1898.

Duffield, A. J. — Notes on the inhabitants of New Ireland. Lon-
don, 1884.

48 Director' s Annual Report.

Edge-Partington, J., and Heape, Chas. — Ethnographical Album
of the Pacific Islands, Vol. iii. Manchester, 1898.

*Ethnologischen Abtheilung der Koniglichen Museum zu Berlin.
Heft, i., 1895; ii. and iii., 1896; iv., 1897.

Evans, A. H. — Birds. Cambridge Natural History. London, 1899.

Ethnographischen Reijksmuseums in Leiden. Internationales
Archiv fiir Ethnographic, Vol. xi. 4to. Leiden, 1898.

*Fish Commission (U. S.) Report for 1896. Washington, 1898.

Flower, W. H. — Recent Memoirs on Cetacea. 4to. London, 1866.

Franklin, S. R. — Memoirs of a Rear-Admiral. 8vo. New York,
1898.

Fritsch, Gustav. — Die Eingeborenen Siid-Afrika's Ethnographisch
und anatomisch. 4to. Breslau, 1872.

*Geological Survey of the ITnited States. x\nnual reports, 2, 3, 4,
6, 7, 8, II, 12, 13, 14, 16, (only two parts) 17, 18, 19, parts
I, 4, 6. Monographs 29, 30 and 35.

Giglioli, H. H. — Studi sulla razza Negrita. Firenze.

Gos.se, L. A. — Essai sur les deformations artificielles du crane.
8vo. Paris, 1855.

Griffith and Henfre}-. — The Micrographic Dictionary. London.

Hackel, Edward. — The true grasses. 8vo. Westminster, 1898.

Hamilton, A. — Maori Art, Part iii. 4to. London, 1898.

Hamy, E. T. — Etude sur un squelette d'Aeta des environs de
Binangonan, nord-est de Lugon, Paris, 1879.

Hawaiian Ministerial Reports, 1898.

Hawaii nei. Hawaiian Gazette Company. Honolulu, 1899.

Helms, Richard. — x-Vnthropologie. (Australian Aborigines. ) Syd-
ney, 1895.

*Herdman, W. A. — Catalogue of Tunicata in the Australian
Museum. Liverpool, 1899.

Heurck, Henri van. — Treatise on the Diatomacea. 4to. London,
1896.

Hill, Alexander. — The Hippocampus. 4to. London, 1893.

Hillebrand, W. — Flora of the Hawaiian Islands. 8vo. Heidel-
berg, 1888.

*Hilprecht and Clay. — The Babylonian expedition. 4to. Phila-
delphia, 1898.

Hooker, J. D. — Flora of British India, 7 vols. 8vo. London,
1875-90.

Houge, E. — Les Samoans de Leone (Tutuila). Bruxelles, 1890.

Additions to the Library. 49

Hudson, G. V. — Manual of New Zealand Entomology. 8vo.

London, 1892.
Hyades and Deniker. — Mission scientifique du Cap Home, 1882-3.

Vol. vii. Anthropologic, Ethnographic. 4to. Paris, 1891.
Iscnthal and Ward. — Pra(5lical Radiography. 8vo. Eondon, 1898.

* Jackson, Sheldon. — Report on the introducflion of domestic rein-

deer into Alaska. Washington, 1898.

Joost, Wilhelm. — Tatowiren narbenzeichncn und Korperbemalen.
4to. Berlin, 1887.

*Johns Hopkins University: Maryland Geological Survey. 8vo,
Baltimore, 1898. Memoirs, Vol. iv., 4to.: No. i. The Cubo-
medusae, by F. S. Conant, 1898; No. 2, Synapta vivipara, by
H. E- Clark, 1898; No. 3, Yoldia limatula, by Gilnian A.
Drew, 1899.

* Jordan and Evermann. — Fishes of North and Middle America.

8vo. Washington, 1898.
Jordana y Morera, Ramon. — Bosquejo geografico e historico-

natural del archipielago Filipino. 4to. Madrid, 1885.
Kanda, T. — Notes on ancient stone implements of Japan. 8vo.

Tokio. 1884.
Keferstein, Wilhelm. — Bemerkungen, iiber das Skelett eines Aus-

traliers von Stamme Warnambool. Dresden, 1865.
Koganei. — Beitrage zur physischen Anthropologic der Aino. 8vo.

Tokio, 1893-94.
*Koniglich Kaiscrlich Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums Annalen.

Wien, 1898. Vol. xiii., Nos. i, 2, 3.
*Eabor, Department of. — Bulletin No. 20. Washington, 1899.
Lacassagne, A. — Tatouages. 8vo. Paris, 1881.
Lalage et Herouard. — La Zoologie concrete. Paris.
Lennier, G. — Museum de Histoire naturelle et d' Ethnographic au

Havre. Description de la colledlion ethnographique Oceani-

enne. 4to. Havre, 1896.
Letourneau, Chas. — Biolog}". 8vo. London.
Linnsean Society. Zoology, Vol. xxvi., 1898. Botany, Vol. xxxiii.,

1897-98. London.
Lombroso, Cesare. — L'Uomo bianca e I'uomo di colore. i2mo.

Torino, 1892.
Macdonald, D. — Asiatic origin of Oceanic languages. London,

1894.

O. p.: B. P. B. M.— Vol. I., No. 2.

5© Director''' s Annual Report.

Madras Government Museum. Bulletins, Vols, i., ii., 1894-99.

*Malay States. Reports for 1897. London, 1898.

Man, E. H. — The Andaman Islanders.

Maxwell, Walter. — Soils and Lavas of the Hawaiian Islands.

8vo. Honolulu, 1898.
Meyer, A. B. — Ueber hundert fiinf und dreissig Papua Schadel

von Neu Guinea und der Insel Mysorei. Dresden.
Meyer und Schadenberg. — Album von Philippinen-Typen. Nord

Luzon. 4to. Dresden, 1891.
Michelsen, Oscar. — Cannibals won for Christ. i2mo. London.
Montano, J. — Report on a journey to the Philippine Islands. 8vo.

Paris, 1885.
Montero y Vidal. — El Archipielago Filipino y las Islas Marianas,

Carolinas y Palaos. 8vo. Madrid, 1886.
Moore, W. — Constitutional requirements for tropical climates.

i2mo. London, 1890.
Mueller, Ferd. von. — Myoporinous plants of Australia. 4to. Part
ii. Melbourne, 1886.
Museo nacional de Buenos Aires. Anales. Tomo vi. Buenos
Aires, 1899. 8vo.
*Museum of Comparative Zoology. Bulletin, Vol. xxiv. Cam-
bridge, 1899. Report of Albatross Expedition, 1891. Cam-
bridge, 1899. 4to.
*Museum, United States National. Reports for 1895 and 1896.

Proceedings, Vols, xviii., xx. and xxi.
Musick, J. R. — Hawaii, our new possession. 8vo. New York, 1898.
Packard, A. vS. — Textbook on Entomolog}'. 8vo. New York, 1898.
Parker, T. J. — Observations on anatomy and development of the

Apteryx. 4to. London, 1891.
Pereiro, A. Cabeza. — La isla de Ponape. 8vo. Manila, 1895.
*Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences. Journal, Vol. xi.,

Parts I and 2. Proceedings for 1899, Parts i and 2.
Reed and Dalton. — Antiquities from the city of Benin. Fol. Lon-
don, 1899.
Richet, Chas. — Bibliographia physiologica, Paris, 1895-6.
*Rijks Ethnographisch Museum. Verslag van den Diredleur over
het tijdvak van i Jan. 1897 tot 30 Sept. 1898. 8vo. Leiden,
1899. Tentoonstellung van Japansche Kunst. Leiden, 1899.
Roscoe and Schorlemmer. — Treatise on Chemistry, 2 vols. Lon-
don, 1894.

Additions to the Library. 51

Roth, H. Liug. — The aborigines of Tasmania. 8vo. Halifax,

Eug., 1899.
Royal Geographical Society. Geographical Journal, 1898-99.

London.
Royal Natural History. Vols. v. and vi. London.
*Royal Society of New South Wales. Journal and Proceedings

for 1898. Sydney.
Riidinger, H. — Ueber kunstlich deformirte Schadel und Gehirne

von Siidseeinsulanern (Neu Hebriden). 8vo. Miinchen, 1887.
Sachs, Julius von. — History of Botany (1530-1860). 8vo. Oxford,

1890.
Semon, Richard. — In the Australian Bush. London, 1899.
* Smith, Erwin F. — The black rot of the cabbage. Washington,

1898.
Snow, H. G. — Notes on Kuril Islanders. 8vo. London, 1897.
Societa Romana de Antropologia. Atti, 1893-97, 4 vols. Roma.
Stair, John B. — Old Samoa. 8vo. London, 1897.
Stebbing, Thos. R. R. — Crustacea. London, 1893.
Sundowner. — Rambles in Polynesia. 8vo. London, 1897.
Thomson, J. J. — The discharge of elecflricity through gases.

Westminster, 1898.
Thomson, J. G. — British New Guinea. 8vo. London, 1892.
*Thurston, Edgar. — Bulletin of Madras Government Museum,

Vols. i. and ii.
Trinchese, Salvatore. — ^olididae e famiglie af^ine del Porto di

Genova. 4to. Bologna, 1897-99.
Tubeuf, Karl von. — Diseases of plants induced by cr3'ptogamic

parasites. London, 1897.
*University of Pennsylvania Publications, Vols, i.-vii. Bulletins,

Vols, i.-iii. Annual Report of Provost, 1897-98. Catalogue,

1898-99.
\'irchow, R. — Ueber mikronesische Schadel. Berlin, 1881.
Watt, Agnes C. P. — Twenty-five 3'ears mission life on Tanna,

New Hebrides. Paisley, 1896.
Walker, G. T. — On Boomerangs. 4to. London, 1897.
Wilson, S. B. — Aves Hawaiienses. 4to. London, 1890-99.
Zeitschrift fiir Ethnologic, 25 vols. Berlin, 1869 — date.
Zoological Society of London. Proceedings for 1898. 8vo. Lon-
don — complete set.

52 Director'' s Anyiual Report.

LIST OF ACCESSIONS.

Department of Ethnoi.ogy.

6800 Bowl cut from compact basalt ; from J. C. Searle. Hawaiian.

6820 Poi pounder of peculiar form (cast); Peabody Museum ex-
change. Hawaiian.

6733 Paddle. Samoan Ids.

6734 Baskets made of pandanus leaf (2). Samoan Ids.

6736 Coconut cup for paint or taik ; from Rev. C. M. Hyde.

Gilbert Ids.

6737 String of dog teeth; from Rev. C. M. Hyde. Gilbert Ids.

6738 Stone adze. Hawaiian.

6739 Ostrich &^^ laid at ChrivStchurch, New Zealand.

6743 Longiel or curved club. Solomon Ids.

6744 Carved boomerang. Queensland.

6745 Portion of ear ring inlaid with tortoise-.shell. Solomon Ids.

6746 Seed rattles for dances (2). Solomon Ids.

6748 Stone axe. Australia.

6749 Kauri gum, a series of five specimens polished. New

Zealand.

6755 Seal cut from kauri gum. New Zealand.

6756 Kauri gum with inse<5ls inclosed (2). New Zealand.
6758 Turbo shells etched by prisoners (2). New Caledonia.
6760 Pearl shells polished ( 3 ) . Queensland.

6763 Partitions of shell of Nautilus pompilius, ornament. Torres

Strait.

6766 Bracelets of Nassa arcularis (2). Solomon Ids.

6769 String of shell money. Solomon Ids.

6770 Necklace of shells. Solomon Ids.

6771 Leguminous beans ( 2). Queensland.

6772 Quondongs (5). Australia.

6773 Seeds (14). Australia.

6774 Shell armlet. Gilbert Ids.

6775 Tortoise-shell armlet. New Guinea.

6776 Boar tusk. Solomon Ids.

6777 Armlets braided from Gleichenia fibre. Solomon Ids.

6778 Finger ring of tortoise-shell. Samoan Ids.

6779 Forehead ornament, disk of shell. Solomon Ids.

6780 Fish hooks (4). Solomon Ids.

List of Accessions. 53

6785 Armlet of carved shell. New Guinea.

6786 Rings of Conus shell (2). New Guinea.

6795 Fisherman's idol in rough lava, Molokai. Hawaiian.

6796 Stone dish for offerings to an idol. Hawaiian.

6797 Stone kapa presser. Hawaiian.

6798 Grass hula dress ( 2 ) . Hawaiian.

7530 Poi pounder of common form. Hawaiian.

8129 Tree carved and hollowed for a drum (Fig. i). Malekula,

New Hebrides.

8130 Similar sacred drum, but smaller. Malekula, New Hebrides.

8131 Idol carved from the lower stem of a tree fern (Fig. 2).

Malekula, New Hebrides.

8132 Similar idol, both painted red and white (Fig. 2). Male-

kula, New Hebrides.

8133 Image composed of sticks and human crania (Fig. 3).

Malekula, New Hebrides.

8134 Image composed of sticks and human crania (Fig. 3).

Malekula, New Hebrides.

8135 Image similar to last but with cotton head piece. Malekula,

New Hebrides.

8136 Phallic image of .sticks and gum. Malekula, New Hebrides.

8137 Masks of light wood painted red (3). Malekula, New

Hebrides.
8140 Fine woven mat dress of a woman. Malekula, New Hebrides.
8143 Mat dresses for women (2). Malekula, New Hebrides.

8186 Wooden awa bowl with twelve legs. Given by Lieut. W. E.

Safford. Samoa.

8187 Awa cup of coconut beautifully tinted. Given by Lieut.

W. E. Safford. Samoa.

8188 Carv^ed wood upete for siapo. Given by Lieut. W. E.

Safford. Samoa.

8189 Portion of shell for scraping siapo. Given by Lieut. W. E.

Safford. Samoa.

8190 Pandanus baskets (4). Given by Lieut. W. E. Safford.

Samoa.
8193 Fan of open strudture. Given by Lieut. W. E. Safford.
Samoa.

8571 Poi umeke of large size, partly hollowed out. Given b}' H.

G. K. Lyman. Hawaiian.

8572 Pandanus leaf prepared for mat making. Hawaiian.

54 Director' s Annual Report.

8573 Pandanus leaf prepared for mat making, finer kind.

Hawaiian.

8574 Pandanus mat parti}' made, to show procedure. Hawaiian.

8579 Cloak made from the feathers of Apteryx mantelli. New

Zealand.

8580 Stone dish of large size found in an heiau (Fig. 5).

Hawaiian.

8581 *Patu of schist 13^ inches long. Chatham Ids.

8582 Patu similar to last, 12^ in. long. Chatham Ids.

8583 Patu similar to last, 12)^ in. long. Chatham Ids.

8584 Patu similar to last, 12 in. long. Chatham Ids.

8585 Adz head of fine basalt, 8}^ in. long. Chatham Ids.

8586 Adz head of fine basalt, i3)^> in. long. Chatham Ids.

8587 Nine basalt adz heads from 2^ in. to 8^ in. long. Chatham Ids.

8597 Flint adz head unfinished. Chatham Ids.

8598 Flint adz heads (2). Chatham Ids.

8600 Adz, complete. Chatham Ids.

8601 Flint chisels (2), 4 in. and 2^ in. long. Chatham Ids.

8603 Basalt chisel, 4^ in long. Chatham Ids.

8604 Basalt chisel, 11 in. long. Chatham Ids.

8605 Adz head of basalt, 7 in. long. Chatham Ids.

8606 Sandstone grindstones (2). Chatham Ids.
8608 Blubber knives of slate (2). Chatham Ids.
8610 Blubber knives of stone ( 2 ) . Chatham Ids.
8613 Blubber knives of chert ( 2 ) . Chatham Ids.

8615 Mereor double-edged club of schist, 14 in. long. Chathamlds.

8616 Mere of similar material, 10^ in. long. Chatham Ids.

861 7 Musical instrument of the bone of an albatross. Chatham Ids.

8618 Bone eel-threaders (2). Chatham Ids.

8620 Heitiki or amulet of bone. Chatham Ids.

8621 Breast and ear ornaments of cachelot teeth ( 2) . Chatham Ids.
8623 Bone heads of bird spears (2). Chatham Ids.

8625 Bone needles, straight and curved (2). Chatham Ids.

.8627 Fish hooks of bone, carv^ed (7). Chatham Ids.

8792 Shell axe mounted, Tridacna shell (Fig. 8). Gilbert Ids.

8793 Shell adze mounted, Tridacna shell (Fig. 8). Gilbert Ids.

8794 Rasps made of sunfish skin bound to wood handles (4,

Fig. 9). Gilbert Ids.

♦This colle<5\ion of Moriori implements will be explained at greater length with illustra-
tions in the Memoirs of this Museum. It is of great value and interest.

Mounted Skeletons and Skins.

55

8798 Scraper of tortoise shell with a wood handle. Micronesia.

8799 Combs carved from wood (2). Gilbert Ids.

8801 Head and neck ornament. Ruk, Caroline Ids.

8802 Wooden spear with blunt barbs. Ruk, Caroline Ids.

8803 Necklace of red Chania shell disks, very choice. Ruk,

Caroline Ids.

8804 Necklaces of Engina shells (2). Marshall Ids.

8806 Necklace of Neritina shells. Marshall Ids.

8807 Necklace of Cardium shells. Marshall Ids.

8808 Necklaces of Melampus shells (3). Marshall Ids.
8812 Hawaiian kapa, 3 specimens. Hawaii.

MOUNTED SKELETONS.

6801 Ar(5locephalus lobatus. Gray. Australia.

6802 Halicore australis, Cuvier. (Dugong.) Australia.

6803 Macropus giganteus, Zimmermann. Australia.

6804 Ornithorhynchus anatiuus, Shaw. Australia.

6805 Dacelo gigas, Bodd. New South Wales.

6806 Menura superba, Davis. (Lyre Bird.) New South Wales.

6807 Nestor notabilis, Gould. (Kea.) New Zealand.

6808 Dromaeus novae-hollandiae, lyatham. (Emu.) Australia.

6809 Eudyptila minor, Gray. (Penguin.) New South Wales.

6810 Hydrosaurus varius, Gray. ( lyace- lizard.) New South

Wales.

681 1 Cistudo clausa, Owen. Indiana, U. S. A.

8200 Diomedia brachj'ura, Temminck. Northern Pacific.

6719 Apteryx mantelli, Bartl. New Zealand.

8 141 Male. New Hebrides.

8634 Eardrums of Physeter macrocephalus (2). Chatham Ids.

MOUNTED SKINS.

8199 Trichecus obesus, Illiger. (Pacific Walrus.) Alaska.

8201 Petaurus breviceps papuanus, Thomas. New Britain.

8202 Myrmecobius fasciatus, Waterhouse. Western Australia.

8203 Pteropus melanopogon, Schleg. New Britain.

56 Director's Annual Report.

8204 Pteropus poliocephahis, Temminck. New South Wales.

8205 Pteropus griseus, E. Geof. Duke of York Id.

8206 Pteropus capistriatus, Peters. New Britain.

8207 Harpy ia major, Dobs. Duke of York Id.

8208 Callorhinus ursinus (Fur Seal), Gray. ^ Pribilov Ids.

8209 Callorhinus ursinus (Fur Seal), Gray. 9 Pribilov Ids.

BIRD SKINS.

(Those marked * have been mounted by Mr. Bryan.)

8705 Aluda arvensis. <? * Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8706 Aluda arvensis. 9 * Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8707 Acridotheres tristis (Mina). ^ Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8708 Fulica alae (Albino). $ Maui. Given by G. P. Wilder.

8709 Gallinula sandwicensis. (? * Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8710 Calidris arenaria. ^ * Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

871 1 Charadrius fulvus.^* Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8712 Charadrius fulvus. ^ Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8713 Charadrius fulvus. ^ Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8714 Charadrius fulvus. (? Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8715 Chasiempis gayi. (? * Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8716 Chasiempis gayi. ^ * Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8717 Charadrius fulvus. (? Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8718 Charadrius fulvus. (? Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8719 Charadrius fulvus. ^ Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8720 Charadrius fulvus. ^ Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8721 Asio accipitrinus. ^ Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8722 Charadrius fulvus. ^ (Fall plum.) Hawaii. Given by H,

W. Henshaw.

8723 L,arus occidentalis. 9 Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8724 L,arus occidentalis. ^ Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8725 Sterna maxima. ^ Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8726 Arenaria interpres. (? Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8727 Arenaria interpres. ^ Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8728 Turtur chinensis. Oahu. Coll. A. Seale.

8729 Telespiza cantans. 9 Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8730 Telespiza cantans. 9 Laysau Id. By Exchange.

8731 Telespiza cantans. 9 I^aysan Id. By Exchange.

8732 Telespiza cantans. 9 I^aysan Id. By Exchange.

Bird Skills. 5y

8733 Acrocephalus familiaris. ^ Lay.san Id. By Exchange.

8734 Acrocephahis familiaris. 9 Laysaii Id. By Exchange.

8735 Acrocephalus familiaris. 9 Ivaysan Id. By Exchange.

8736 Himatione freethi. 9 Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8737 Himatione freethi. $ Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8738 Porzanula pahneri. $ Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8739 Porzanula palmeri. 9 Ivaysan Id. By Exchange.

8740 Porzanula palmeri. $ Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8741 Porzanula palmeri. 9 Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8742 Diomedia nigripes. 9 Midway Id. By Exchange.

8743 Diomedia immutabilis. Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8744 Anas laysanensis. 9 Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8745 Anas laysanensis. $ Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8746 Diomedia immutabilis. $ Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8747 Sula cyanops. 9 Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8748 Sula C3'anops. $ Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8749 Sula piscator. $ French Frigates Id. By Exchange.

8750 Sula piscator. $ Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8751 Sula sula. 9 Midway Id. By Exchange.

8752 Sula sula. $ Lisianski Id. By Exchange.

8753 Phaethon rubricauda. $ Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8754 Phaethon rubricauda. $ Kermadec Ids. By Exchange.

8755 Phaethon rubricauda. $ Kermadec Ids. By Exchange.

8756 P'regata aquila. Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8757 Fregata aquila. Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8758 Haliplana fuliginosa. 9 F'rench P'rigates Id. By Exchange.

8759 Haliplana fuliginosa. 9 French Frigates Id. By Exchange.

8760 Gygis alba kittlitzi. Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8761 Sterna lunata. Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8762 CEstrelata hypoleuca. $ Laysan Id. By P^xchange.

8763 CEstrelata hypoleuca. $ Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8764 CEstrelata hypoleuca. $ Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8765 Puffinus cuneatus. 9 Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8766 Puffinus cuneatus. 9 Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8767 Bulweria bulweri. (? French Frigates Id. By Exchange.

8768 Bulweria bulweri. (? French Frigates Id. By Exchange.

8769 Pufhnus nativitatis. 9 PVench Frigates Id. By Exchange.

8770 Puffinus nativitatis. $ French Frigates Id. By Exchange.

8771 Anous stolidus. 9 French Frigates Id. By Exchange.

8772 Micranous hawaiiensis. 9 Laysan Id. By Exchange.

58 Director's A?iii7ial Report.

8773 Charadrius fulvus. ? Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8774 Charadrius fulvus. 9 Laysan Id. By exchange.

8775 Strepsilas interpres. 9 Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8776 Strepsilas interpres. 9 Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8777 Totanus incanus. 9 Laysan Id. By Exchange.

8778 Numenius tahitiensis. 9 Laysan Id. By Exchange.

9008 Gygis alba kittlitzi. $ Laysan Id. By Exchange.

9009 Chrysoenas luteovirens. $ Fiji. By Purchase.

9010 Chrysoenas luteovirens. $ * Fiji. By Purchase.

901 1 Chrysoenas luteovirens. 9 Fiji. By Purchase.

9012 Chrysoenas luteovirens. 9 Fiji. By Purchase.

9013 Chrysoenas luteovirens. 9 Fiji. By Purchase.

9014 Chrysoenas luteovirens. 9 Fiji. By Purchase.

9015 Chrysoenas luteovirens. 9 * Fiji. By Purchase.

9016 Chalcophaps chrysochlora. $ * Queensland. By Purchase.

9017 Chalcophaps chrysochlora. ^ Queensland. By Purchase.

9018 Macropygia phasianella. ^ By Purchase.

9019 Macropygia phasianella. 9 * By Purchase.

9020 Macropygia phasianella S * By Purchase.

9021 Megaloprepia magnifica. 9 * By Purchase.

9022 Megaloprepia magnifica. $ By Purchase.

9023 Megaloprepia magnifica. 9 By Purchase.

9024 Megaloprepia magnifica. 9 By Purchase.

9025 Ptilopus perousei.* Fiji. By Purchase.

9026 Ptilopus perousei. Fiji. By Purchase.

9027 Ptilopus ponapensis. Fiji. By Purchase.

9028 Ptilopus ponapensis.* Fiji. By Purchase.

9029 Ptilopus rarotongensis.* Fiji. By Purchase.

9030 Psitteuteles chlorolepidotus.* Queensland. By Purchase.

9031 Psitteuteles chlorolepidotus.* Queensland. By Purchase-

9032 Cacatua galerita.* Queensland. By Purchase.

9033 Trichoglossus novae-hollandiae.* Queensland. By Purchase.

9034 Trichoglossus novae-hollandiae ( 7 ) . Queensland. By Pur-

chase.

9041 Aprosmidlus cyanopygius (4).** Queensland. By Purchase.

9045 Glossopsittacus porphyrocephalus. Queensland. By Pur-

chase.

9046 Seven unidentified species.* By Purchase.

9053 ^gintha temporalis (4).** Queensland. By Purchase.

9057 Two unidentified species. Queensland. By Purchase.

Bird Skins. 59

9059 Erythrura pealii.* Queensland. By Purchase.

9060 Dicaeum hiruudiuaceum ( 2).** Queensland. By Purchase.

9062 Machsrorhynchus flaviventer. 9 * Queensland. By Pur-

chase.

9063 Machaerorhynchus flaviventer (8). ^ * Queensland. By Pur-

chase.

9071 Machaerorhynchus flaviventer (5). 9 Queensland. By Pur-
chase.

9076 Four unidentified specimens.** By Purchase.

9081 Malurus elegans. (? * Queensland. By Purchase.

9082 Malurus elegans (2). 9 Queensland. By Purchase.

9084 Malurus melanocephalus (6). ^ * New South Wales. By
Purchase.

9090 Malurus melanocephalus. 9 * New South Wales. By Pur-

chase.

9091 F'our unidentified specimens.** By Purchase.

9095 Ptilotis polygramma.* Queensland. By Purchase.

9096 Ptilotis limbata (3).** Queensland. By Purchase.
9999 Dacelo gigas. $ Queensland. By Purchase.

9100 Dacelo gigas. 9 Queensland. By Purchase.

9101 Alcyone azurea. 9 * Queensland. By Purchase.

9102 Tanysiptera sylvia.* Queensland. By Purchase.

9103 Halcyon macleayi (6).* Queensland. By Purchase.
9109 Two unidentified specimens.* By Purchase.

91 1 1 Chalcococcyx plagosus. ^ * Queensland. By Purchase.

91 1 2 Chalcococcyx plagosus. 9 * Queensland. By Purchase.

91 13 Rhipidura rufifrons.* Queensland. By Purchase.

91 14 Rhipidura tricolor.* Queensland. By Purchase.

91 15 Malurus sp.* Queensland. By Purchase.

91 16 Two unidentified specimens.* By Purchase.

91 18 Ptilorhis paradisea ( 9 ) . ^ * Queensland. By Purchase.

9127 Ptilorhis paradisea ( 2 ) . 9 * Queensland. By Purchase.

9129 Ptilotis auricomis. New South Wales. By Purchase.

9130 Caprimulgus macrurus. <? Queensland. By Purchase.

9131 Cracticus quoyi (3).* Queensland. B}" Purchase.

9134 Merops ornatus.* Queensland. By Purchase.

9135 Mj^zomela obscura.* Queensland. By Purchase.

9136 Myzomela sanguinolenta. ^ * By Purchase.

9137 Myzomela jugularis. J' * By Purchase.

9138 Myiagra azureicapilla. (? * By Purchase.

6o Director'' s A^imial Report.

9139 Cinnyris zeylanica. <? * Ceylon. By Purchase.

9140 Cinnyris comorensis. $ * Ceylon. By Purchase.

9141 ^luroedis viridis (2). 9 * Queensland. By Purchase.
9143 Six unidentified specimens.*** By Purchase.

9149 Haliplana fuliginosa (6). J' Oahu. Coll. A. Scale.

9155 Haliplana fuliginosa. 9 Oahu. Coll. A. Scale.

9156 Anous stolidus (3). ^ Oahu. Coll. A. Scale.

9159 Totanus incanus. 9 Oahu. Coll. A. Scale.

9160 Phasianus colchicus 9 * Oahu. Coll. A. Scale.

9161 Charadrius fulvus. 9 * Oahu. Coll. A. Scale.

9162 Totanus incanus. $ * Oahu. Coll. A. Scale.

9163 Totanus incanus. 9 * Oahu. Coll. A. Scale.

9164 Anous hawaiicnsis (2). ^ Oahu. Coll. A. Scale.

9166 Dafila acuta. ^ Oahu. Coll. A. Scale.

9167 Dafila acuta. 9 Oahu. Coll. A. Scale.

9168 Anas wyvillianus. ^ Oahu. Coll. A. Scale.

9169 Porphyrio melanotus. ^ Oahu. Coll. A. Scale.

9170 Nydlicorax ny(5licorax. ^ Oahu. Coll. A. Scale.

91 7 1 Arenaria intcrpres. 9 Oahu. Coll. A. Scale.

9172 Charadrius fulvus (2). ^ Oahu. Coll. A. Scale.
6740 Emu eggs (2). Queensland. Purchased.

MOLLUSCA.

(The numbers are not given as they will be altered somewhat for the Catalogue of the entire
colledlion of Mollusca, now in preparation.)

Octopus punctatus, Gabb. Cast en papier mache. North Pacific.

cuvieri, D'Orb. Torres Strait.
Argonauta argo, Linn. $ 3 stages in alcohol. Mediterranean.
Scpiola rondeleti, D'Orb.; in alcohol. Mediterranean.
Nautilus pompilius, Linn., bisecfled ; in alcohol. Torres Strait.
Pncumodcrmon mediterrancum, Ben.; in alcohol. Mediterranean.
Clionopsis krohnii ; in alcohol. Mediterranean.
Murcx blainvillci, Payr. Naples.

carboneri, Jouss.

cornutus, Linn. W. Africa.

foliatus, Martyn. Japan.

malabaricus, Mel. Persian Gulf.

Mollusca. 6 1

Murex mitrseformis, Sowerby. Natal.

scolopax, Dillwyn.- Persian Gulf,
seuegalensis (var. calcar), Gmel. Japau.
Muricidea hexagouus, Lamarck. Peuaug.
Phyllouotus endivia, Lam. Philippines.
Chicoreus saxatilis, Linn. Indo-Pacific.
Urosalpynx contracta, Reeve. Aden.
Trophon flindersi, A. & A. Vidloria, Australia.
Purpura situla, Reeve. Aden.

cingulata, Linn. Cape Town,
lapilloides, Conrad. California.
Sistrum adelaidensis, Crosse. Victoria, Australia.

meyendorffi, Cab. Durban, Natal.
Triton concinnus, Reeve. Hawaiian Ids.

eburneus, Crosse. Vicfloria, Australia,
maculosus, Gmel. Mauritius,
nodiferus. Lam. Indo-Pacific.
sinensis, Rve. China,
verrucosus, Rve. Australia.
Ranella concinna, Dunker. Kurachi.
Fusus australis, Quoy. Australia,
distans, Lam. Pacific,
proboscidiferus, Lam. N. Australia.
Peristernia maculata, Rve. Australia.

na.ssatula, Lam. Mauritius.
Siphonalia dilatata, Quoy. New Zealand.

maxima. Try on. Tasmania.
Fulgur perversa, Linn. Florida.

perversa, &%% cases. Florida.
Cominella maculata, Martyn. Poverty Bay, New Zealand.
Latrunculus mollianus, Chem. Kurachi.

valentinianus, Swainson. Red Sea.
Bullia kurachiensis, Angus. Kurachi.
persica, Smith. Kurachi.
vittata, Linn. Ceylon,
diluta, Krauss. Natal.
Nassa nodifera, Paris. Aden.

obookensis, Jouss. Aden.
persica, Martyn. Aden,
pullus, Linn. Aden.

62 Director's Anyuial Report.

Turbinella rapa, lyam. Ceylon.

scolymus, Lam. West Indies.
Lyria deliciosa, Mont. New Caledonia.
Turricula costellaris, Lam. Singapore.
Oliva araneosa, Lam. Panama.

araneosa (var. polpastra), Duclos. Straits of Magellan.
Columbella dalli, E. A. Smith. Vancouver.
Bela brachystomoides, Cpr. California.

trevelyana, Turton. Norway.
Conus acuminatus, Hwass. Red Sea.
anemone, Lam. Australia,
araneosus, Hwass. Philippines,
archiepiscopus, Hwass. East Indies,
betulinus, Linn. Singapore,
characteristicus, Gmel.
genuanus, Hwa.ss. West Africa,
interruptus, Brod. Panama,
janus, Hwass. Cochin China,
lithoglyphus, Mensch. East Indies,
maldivus, Hwass. Mauritius,
mercator, Linn. West Indies,
rattus, Hwass. Indo-Pacific.
stercus-muscarum, Linn. Pelew Ids.
vautieri, Kiener. Marquesas Ids.
Strombus accipitrinus, Lam. West Indies,
gigas, Linn. Bahamas,
melanostoma, Swainson. Philippines,
peruvianus, Swainson. Panama.
Dolium maculatum, Lam. Singapore.
Maleo ringens, Swainson. Pacific.
Struthiolaria papulosa, Martyn. Australia.
Cassis coronulata, Lam. Philippines.
Cyprgea childreni. Gray. Borneo.

cribellum, Gaskoin. Mauritius,
cumingi, Gray. Paumotu Arch,
cylindrica. Born. Australia,
indica, Gmelin. S. Pacific,
picta. Gray. Cape de Verde Ids.
piperita, Solander. Australia,
polita, Roberts. Japan.

Mollusca . 63

Cypraea pustulata, Lam. Panama,
stercoraria, Linn. Africa.
Trivia sphserula, Mighels. Paumotu Arch.
Natica cancrena, Linn. West Indies.
Vivipara glauca, Linn.
Nerita atropurpura, Reel. Singapore.
Phasianella bulimoides, Lam. Australia.
Astralium sulcatum, Martyn. New Zealand.
Turbo marmoratus, Linn. China.
Haliotis pulcherrima, Martyn.
FivSSurella crassa, Lam. Valparaiso.
Acmsea mitra, Esch. California,
pelta, Esch. California.
Cryptochiton stelleri, Midd. California.
Haminea rotundata, A. Adams. Australia,
virescens, Sowerby. Pitcairn Id.
Hydatina physis, Linn. Mauritius.
Dollabella scapula, Martyn. Port Dennison.
Rh3-tida lampra, Pfr. Tasmania.
Zonites algira, Linn. Spain.
F'lammulina fordei. Brazier. Tasmania.
Alexia meridionalis. Brazier. Tasmania.
Gundlachia beddomei, Pett. Tasmania.
Gastrochsena mumia, Spengler. Singapore.
Pisidium tasmanicum, Ten-Woods. Tasmania.
Unio aesopus. Green. MivSsissippi River.

camptodon, Say. New Orleans.

clavus. Lam. Ohio River.

coccineus, Lea. Ohio River.

foliatus, Hild. Ohio River.

fragosus, Conrad. Ohio River.

gracilis, Barnes. Ohio River.

graniferus, (var.) Lea. Cumberland River.

iris. Lea. Ohio River.

jejunus. Lea. Virginia.

lachrymosus. Lea. Miami Canal.

obliquus. Lam. Ohio.

phaseolus, Hild. Ohio.

plicatus, Lesueur. Ohio River.

rugosa, Barnes. Ohio River.

64 Director'' s Ajiiiual Report.

Unio schoolcraftia, Lea. Michigan,
shepardianus, Lea. Georgia,
spatulata, Lea. Ohio,
subovatus, Barnes. Ohio,
trigonus, Lea. Ohio River,
ventricosus, Barnes. Illinois,
verrucosus, Barnes. Miami River,
zigzag, Lea. Ohio River.
Margaritana calceola, Lea. Genesee River.

deltoidea. Lea. Ohio River.
Anodonta edentula, Say. New York.
Leda minuta, Fabr. Norway.
Yoldia lenticula, Moller. Spitzbergen.
Area modiola, Linn. Mediterranean,
navicularis, Brod. China,
tetragona, Poli. Mediterranean.
Glycymeris striatularis. Lam. Australia.
Pecten asperimus, Lam. Tasmania.

aspersus. Lam. Mediterranean,
clavatus. Mediterranean,
corallinoides, Poli. Mediterranean,
crassicostatus, Sowerby. Moluccas,
danicus, Chemnitz. Scotland,
gibbus, Linn. Senegal,
layardi, Rve. Ceylon,
lemniscatus, Rve. Mauritius,
magellanicus. Lam. Massachusetts,
senatorius, Gmel. Zanzibar,
serratus, Sby. Mauritius,
splendidus, Sby. Torres Strait,
squamosus, Gmel. Moluccas,
subnodosus, Sby. Galapagos Ids.
tranquebaricus, Gmel. Tranquebar.
ventricosus, Sby. Lower California,
zelandiae. Gray. New Zealand.
Vola dentata, Sby. California,
fumata, Rve. Australia.
Amussium balloti, Bernhardi. New Caledonia.

japonicum, Gmel. Japan.
Ostrea borealis. Lam. Massachusetts.

RADIATA.

[50 Ophiocoiiia iethiops, Lutkeii : in alcohol. Panama.

51 Ophionereis annulata, Lyman; in alcohol. vSamoau Ids.

52 Ophiomastrix annnlosa, M. >S: T. Pelew Ids.

53 Astropeclen bispinosus, M. <S: T. Australia.

54 Archaster agassizii, \'err.; in alcohol. Martha's Vineyard.
;35 Asterias ochracea, Brand. California.
[56 Heliaster kubingii, Xanthus. Chili.

57 Acanthaster sp. Samoan Ids.

58 Stichaster aurantiacus, I\I. Chili.
159 Culcita grex.; in formaldehyde.
[60 Anthenea granulifera, Gray. Australia.
[61 Oreaster turritus, M. & T. Pelew Ids.
[62 Xidorella armata, Gray. Panama.
[63 Linckia hevigata, Lam. Australia.
[64 Asterina australis, M. & T. Australia.
[65 Asterina calcar, Lam. Tasmania.
[66 Dorocidaris papillata, Ag. Bay of Naples.
[67 Goniocidaris tubaria, Lutk. S. Australia.
[68 Phyllacanthus annulifera, Ag. Australia.
:69 Stephanocidaris bispinosa, Ag. Philippines.

70 Diadema mexicanum, A. Ag. Mexico.

71 Arbacia spatuligera, A. Ag. Peru.

72 Salmacis alexandri, Bell. Australia.

73 Amblypneustes ovum, Lam. Australia.

74 vStrongylocentrotus erythrogrammus, Ag. Australia.

75 vStrongylocentrotus tuberculatus, Lam. Lord Howe Id.

76 Euechinus chloroticus, Verr. New Zealand.
6792 Echinus miliaris, Australia.

r93 Echinus sp. Australia.

77 Hipponoe depressa, Ag. Lower California.

78 Clypeaster speciosus. California.

79 Laganum bonani, Kl. Tasmania.

80 Echmarachnius parma. Lam. Maine.
:8i Arachnoides placenta, Ag. Port Mackay.
;82 Echinocardium australe, Norman; in alcohol. Shetland.

83 Metalia pectoralis, Ag. Bahamas.

84 Lovenia cordiformis, Lutk. California.

O. p.; B. p. B. M.— Vol. I., No. 2. (65""

LIST OP RECENT CORALS.

[In the Museum before the year 1899.]

It has seemed best to give a complete list of the corals in the
Museum, and from [time to time, in these Annual Reports, it is
hoped that more or less complete lists of the contents of the collec-
tions may be given.

8825 Euphyllia fimbriata, E. & H. Micronesia.

8826 plicata, E. & H. Micronesia.

8827 turgida, Dana. Torres Straits.

8828 sp. Samoa.

8829 Mussa multilobata, Dana. Micronesia.

8830 sinensis, E. & H. Torres Straits.

8831 tenuidentata, E. & H. Torres Straits.

8832 Trachyphyllia amarantum, E. & H. Micronesia.

8833 Tridacophyllia laciniata.

8834 lactuca, Dana. Micronesia.

8835 Dichocoenia sp. Bahamas.

8836 ? Torres Straits.

8837 ? Torres Straits.

8838 Aphrastraea deformis, E. & H. Torres Straits.

8839 Cyphastraea chalcidium, Forskal. do.

8840 Goniastrsea eximia, E. & H. do.
.1 Prionastrsea robusta, do. do.
[2 sp. Torres Straits.

8843 sp. do.

8844 sp. do.

8845 sp. do.

8846 Rhodarsea gracilis, E. & H. Torres Straits.

8847 Coeloria arabica, Klz. Torres Straits.

8848 Diploria cerebriforniis, E. & H. Bahamas.
8930 cerebriforniis, do. do.
2705 Eeptoria tenuis, do.

8849 Merulina ampliata. Lam. Micronesia.

8850 ampliata, Lam. Torres Straits.

8851 regalis, Dana. Fiji.

8852 regalis, Dana. Fiji.

(66)

E. & H.

Fiji.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

do.

r' Ijl .

Fiji.

List of Rcccnf Corals. 67

8853 F'ungia diversideus,

8854 patella,

8855 patella,

8856 patella,

8857 patella, do. do. [var.]

8858 repanda, Dana.

8859 repanda, Dana.
8S60 Pleuractis scutaria, \'errill. Fiji.

8861 scutaria, \"errill. Fiji.

8862 scutaria, Verrill. Fiji.

8863 Dendrogyra cylindrica, Ehr. Bahamas .

8864 cylindrica, Ehr. Bahamas.

8865 Ctenactis sp. Fiji.

8866 sp. Fiji.

8867 sp. Fiji.

7630 sp. Gilbert Ids.

7631 sp. Gilbert Ids.

8868 Herpetolitha limax, Esch. Torres Straits.

271 1 crassa, Dana. Fiji.

2712 crassa, Dana. Fiji.

8869 Cryptabacia talpina, E. & H. Torres Straits.

8870 Halomitra clypeus, Verrill. Samoa.

8871 clypeus, Verrill. Samoa.

2713 clypeus, Verrill. Micronesia.

8872 Lithactinia pileiformis, E. & H. Fiji.

8873 Pavonia divaricata, Dana. Samoa.

8874 divaricata, Dana. Samoa.

8875 decussata, Dana. Samoa. (2 specimens. )

8876 decussata, Dana. Samoa.
2727 decussata, Dana. Micronesia.

8877 .sp. Micronesia.

8878 Podabacia Crustacea, E. & H. Micronesia.

8879 Hydnophora demidoffi, Fischer. Torres Straits.

8880 rigida, Dana. Micronesia.

8881 Pachyseris fluctuosa, Verrill. Micronesia.

2733 Dendrophyllia nigrescens, Dana. Fiji.

2734 nigrescens, Dana. Gilbert Ids.

8882 Galaxea bougainvillei, Blain. Torres Straits.

8883 Turbinaria frondens, Verrill. Torres Straits.

8884 peltata, E. «& H. Torres Straits.

58 Director's Annual Report.

8885 Turbinaria peltata, E. & H.

8886 Astraeopora echiuata, Verrill. Torres Straits.

8887 Madrepora abrotauoides, Lam. Fiji.

8888 abrotauoides, Lam.

8889 abrotauoides, Lam.

8890 alliomorpha. Brook. Fiji.

1 alliomorpha, Brook. Fiji.

2 calamaria, Brook. Fiji.

8893 cervicornis. Lam. Micronesia.

8894 coiiciiina, Brook. Fiji.

8895 coiicinna. Brook. Fiji.

8896 conferta, Quelch. Fiji.

8897 conferta, Quelch. Fiji.

8898 cymbicyathus. Brook. Fiji.

8899 cymbicyathus. Brook. Fiji.
2703 cytherea, Dana. Tahiti.

8900 dilatata, Brook. Fiji.

2716 echiuata, Dana. Samoa.

8901 gravida, Dana. Fiji.

8902 leptocyathus. Brook. Samoa.

8903 millipora, Ehr. Fiji.

8904 nobilis, Dana. Micronesia.

8905 pacifica. Brook. Fiji.
8905 pacifica, Brook. Fiji.

8907 palifera, Lam. Torres Straits.

8908 palifera. Lam. Torres vStraits.

8909 pvilchra (var. stricta), Brook. Fiji. (3 specimens.

8910 pulchra (var. stricta). Brook.

2714 reticulata, Brook.

2700 rosaria, Dana. Fiji.

2701 rosaria, Dana. Fiji.

8911 rosaria (var. dumo.sa), Dana. Fiji.

8912 studeri, Brook.

2702 spicifera, Dana. Fiji.

2715 specif era, Dana. Samoa. ( 2 specimens. )

2717 samoensis.

8913 valenciennesi, E. & H. Fiji.

8914 sp. Torres vStraits.
2724 sp.

2726 sp.

Palccozoic Corals. 69

8915 Moiitipora scabricula, Dana. Torres vStraits.

S916 Alveopora excelsa, Verrill.

8917 Seriatopora hystrix, Dana. Fiji.

8gi8 hystrix, Dana. Fiji.

8919 liy.strix, Dana. Fiji.

8920 Stylophora danae, E. & H. Micronesia.

8921 Pocillopora acuta, Lam. Micronesia.

2708 aspera (var. lata) \'errill. Oahu, H. I.

2706 cespitosa, Dana. Hawaii.

2707 cespitosa, Dana. Oahu.

8922 danae, \'errill. Fiji.

2709 ligulata, Oahu.

8923 nobilis, Verrill. Samoa.

2710 nobilis, \"errill. Oahu.

8924 Heliopora ccerulea, Dana. Torres vStraits.

8925 coerulea do. do.

8926 Porites arenosa. E. & H. do.

8927 lutea, do. do.

8148 Stylaster sp. Samoa. (?)

2735 Disticopora coccinea. Gilbert Ids.

8928 Millepora platyphylla, Dana. Tahiti.

8929 platyphylla, Dana. Samoa.
2729 platyphylla, Dana. .Samoa.
2732 ramosa, Dana.

2718 tortuosa, Dana. Samoa.
2737 Allopora sanguinea. Micronesia.
2704 Tubipora syringa, Dana. Fiji.

2719 syringa, Dana. Fiji.

8147 Rhipidogorgia flabellum, \'al. Bahamas.

8149 Mellitea ochracea, Lam. Tonga.

AL.EOZOIC CORALS.

821 1 Acervularia davidsoni, E. & H. Hamilton. Iowa City.

8212 david-soni, E. & H. Hamilton. Iowa City.

8213 davidsoni, E. & H. Devonian. Near Dubuque, Iowa.

8214 Acrophyllum oneidaense, Billings. Corniferous. Falls of

the Ohio.

8215 rugosum, G. K. Greene. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

yo Director's Annual Report.

8216 Alveolites constans, Davis. Coniiferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8217 fibrosus, Davis. Niagara. lyouisville, Ky.

8218 goldfussi, Billings. Hamilton. Cuylersville, N. Y.

8219 goldfussi, Billings. Hamilton. Charle.stown, Ind.

8220 minimus, Davis. Corniferous. P'alls of the Ohio.

8221 mordax, Davis. Middle Devonian. Falls of the Ohio.

8222 niagarensis, Nicholson. Niagara. Bear Grass Creek, Ky.

8223 scandularis, Davis. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8224 squamosus, Billings. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.
5225 undosus, S. A. Miller. Niagara. Douisville, K3'.
■8226 Aniplexus coralloides, Sowerby. Warsaw. Danesville, Ind.
■8227 shumardi, E. & H. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.

8228 Aulacophyllum convergens, Hall. Hamilton. Charlestown,

Ind.

8229 sulcatum, d'OrbigU}-. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8230 Aulopora conferta, Winchell. Hamilton. Near Charles-

town, Ind.

8231 erecta, Rominger. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8232 serpens, Goldfuss. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8233 Blothrophyllum bucculeutum, G. K. Greene. Hamilton.

Near Charlestown, Ind.

8234 cingulatum, G. K. Greene. Corniferous. Fallsof the Ohio.

8235 conigerum, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Charle.stown, Ind.

8236 decorticatum, Billings. Corniferous. F'alls of the Ohio.

8237 flexuosum, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Near Charlestown,

Ind.

8238 promissum. Hall. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8239 sinuosum. Hall. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8240 zaphrentiforme, Davis. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8261 Calapoecia crebriformis, Nicholson. Hudson River. Jeffer-

son Co., Ind.

8262 Calceola tenneseensis, Roemer. Niagara. Wayne Co., Tenn.

8241 Campophyllum torquium, Owen. Carboniferous. Bird Creek,

Ind.

8263 Canuapora junciformis. Hall. Niagara. Rochester, N. Y,

8242 Chonophyllum magnificum, Billings. Corniferous. Falls of

the Ohio.

8243 nanum, Davis. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8244 Chonostegites clappi, E. & H. Corniferous. Le Roy, N. Y.

J\^l(Cozoic Corals. ji

8245 Clatlopora alcicornis, Davis. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8246 aspera, Romiuger. Coniiferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8247 cryptodens, Romiuger. Coniiferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8248 expatiata, Romiuger. Coruiferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8249 iisheri, Billiugs. Coruiferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8250 gurleyi, G. K. Greeue. Coruiferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8251 iutermedia, G. K. Greeue. Coruiferous. Fallsof the Ohio.

8252 labiosa, Billiugs. Coruiferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8253 laqueata, Romiuger. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.

8254 piuguis, Romiuger. Coruiferous. Le Roy. N. Y.

8255 reticulata, Hall. Niagara. Illiuois.

8256 rimosa, Romiuger. Coruiferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8257 robusta, Romiuger. Coruiferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8258 roemeri, Romiuger. Coruiferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8259 turgida. Romiuger. Coruiferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8260 wiuchellaua, S. A. Miller. Coruiferous. Fallsof the Ohio.

8269 Clisiophyllum couigerum, Romiuger. Coruiferous. Falls

of the Ohio.

8266 CcElophjdlum pyriiorme, Hall. Coruiferous. Falls of the

Ohio.

8264 Coeuites lamiuata, Hall. Niagara. Louisville. Ky.

8265 verticillata, Wiuchell. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.

8267 Columuaria alveolata, Goldfuss. Hudson River. Madison,

Ind.

826S Coustellaria antheloidea, Hall. Hudson River. Cincinnati, O.
8532 antheloidea, do. do. do.

8270 Cyathaxonia profunda, F. & H.

8271 wisconsinensis, Whitfield. Niagara. Chicago, 111.

8272 compressa, G. K. Greene. Warsaw. Lauesville, Ind.

8273 Cyathophyllum arctifossa, Hall. Coruiferous. Falls of the

Ohio.

8274 brevicorne, Davis. Coruiferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8275 galerum, Hall. Hamilton. Western New York.

8276 geuiculatum, Romiuger. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8277 houghtoni, do. do. Western New Yoirk.

8278 juveuis, Romiuger. Coruiferous. Charlestown, Ind.

8279 radicula, Romiuger. Niagara. Louisville, K}'.

8280 robustum. Hall. Hamilton. Western New York.

8281 rugosum, Hall. Coruiferous. Charlestown, Ind.

8282 rugosum. Hall. Coruiferous. Jefferson Co., Ind.

72 Director s Annual Report.

8283 Cyathophyllum tomatum, Davis. Hamilton. Charlestown,

Ind.

8284 validum, Hall. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8285 zenkeri, Billings. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8286 Cystiphylliim americannm, E. & H. Hamilton. Clark Co.,

Ind.

8287 americannm, K. & H. Hamilton. Western New York.

8288 americannm, do. do. do.

8289 americannm, do. do. do.

8290 conifollis. Hall. do. Charlestown, Ind.

8291 crateriformis. Hall. Corniferons. Falls of the Ohio.

8292 crassatum, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8293 decurrens, G. K. Greene. Corniferons. Fallsof the Ohio.

8294 gemmatum, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Near Charles-

town, Ind.

8295 grande, Billings. Hamilton. Near Charlestown, Ind.

8296 granilineatum, Hall. Niagara. Lonisville, Ky.

8297 lacineatnm, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Near Charles-

town, Ind.

8298 latiradius. Hall. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8299 nanum. Hall. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8300 niagarensis. Hall. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.

8301 osculum, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8302 ossiculum, do. do. do.

8303 plicatum, Davis. Corniferons. Falls of the Ohio.

8304 pustulatum. Hall. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8305 seuecaense, Billings. Hamilton. Clark Co., Ind.

8306 squamosum, Nicholson. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8307 varians. Hall. Hamilton. Moscow, N. Y.

8308 vesiculosum, Goldfuss. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.
8533 Cytelasma lane.svillense, S. A. Miller. St. Louis. Lanes-

ville, Ind.

8328 Dendropora ornata, Rominger. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8309 Diphyphvllum adnatum. Hall. Corniferous. Charle.stown,

Ind.

8310 apertum. Hall. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

831 1 archiaci, Billings. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8312 caespitosum, Hall. Niagara. Bridgeport, 111.

8313 coagulatum, Davis. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8314 colletti, G. K. Greene. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

Palieorjoic Corals. 73

S315 Diphypliylluin cylitidraceuni, Hall. Coruiferous. Charles-
town, Iiid.

^"^316 gigas, Rominger. Corniferous. Michigan{?).

S317 laxiim, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Near Cliarlestown, lud.

8319 multicaule, Hall. Niagara. Monticello, Jones Co., Iowa.

8320 panicum, Winchell. Corniferous. Jefferson Co., Ind.

8321 prolatuni, (x. K. Crreene. Hamilton. Near Charle.stown,

Ind.

8322 rngosum, K. & H. Niagara. Workhouse Quarry, I^ouis-

ville, Ky.

8323 simcoense, Billings. Corniferous. L,e Roy, N. Y.

8324 stramineum, Billings. Corniferous. Le Roy, N. V.

8325 unicum, Cj. K. Greene. Hamilton. Cliarlestown, Ind.

8326 verneuilianus, E. & H. Corniferous. Clark Co.. Ind.

8327 wadsworthi, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Cliarlestown, Ind.

8329 Duncanella borealis, Nicholson. Niagara. Waldron, Ind.

8330 Favistella stellata, Hall. Hudson River. Indiana.

8534 stellata, do. do. Jefferson Co., Ind.

8331 Favosites amplissimus, Davis. Cornifrous. Fallsof the Ohio.

8332 argus. Hall. Hamilton. Pavilion, N. Y.

8333 arbuscula. Hall. Hamilton. Pavilion, N. Y.

8334 canadensis, Billings. Corniferous. Le Roy, N. Y.
'"^335 cariosus, Davis. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.
8336 clausus, Rominger. Hamilton. Cliarlestown, Ind.

8535 clausus, do. do. do.
'^337^'' clelandi, Davis. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8338 constrictus, Hall. Niagara. Rochester, N. Y.

8339 couvexus, Davis. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8340 cymosus, Davis. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.
834i<^r digitatus, Rominger. Corniferous. L,e Roy, N. Y.
8342 dumosus, Winchell. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.
S343 emnionsi, Rominger. Hamilton. Iowa City.

8536 emnionsi, Rominger. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8344 emnionsi, Rominger. Corniferous. Clark Co., Ind.

8345 epidermatus, Rominger. Corniferous. Charlestown, Ind.
^537 epidermatus, Rominger. Corniferous. L,inie Rock, N. Y.

8346 epidermatus (var. corticosa). Hall. Corniferous. Le Roy,

N. Y.

8347 eximius, Davis. Hamilton. Crab Orchard, Ky.

8348 explanatus, Hall. Hamilton. Western New York.

74 Dirccto)'' s Annual Report.

8349 Favosites explanatus, Hall. Hamilton. E. Bethany, N. Y.

8350 favosus, Goldfuss. Niagara. Indiana.

8351 forbesi (var. occidentalis), Hall. Niagara. Warren Co.,

Ohio.

8352 fustifo'rmis, Davis. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8253 globosus, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8254 hamiltoniae. Hall. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8355 hemisphericus, Y. & S. Corniferous. Louisville, Ky.

8356 hemisphericus (var. distorta), Y. & S. Corniferous. Ind.

8357 hemisphericus (var. recta, Hall), Y. & S. Corniferous.

Indiana ( ?) .

8358 hemisphericus (var. turbinatus, Billings), Y. & S. Cor-

niferous. Charlestown, Ind.

8359 hispidus, Rominger. Niagara. Hawthorne, 111.

8360 limitaris, Rominger. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8361 maximus, Troost. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8362 mundus (var. placentoides), Davis. Devonian. Falls of

the Ohio.

8363 niagarensis. Hall. Niagara. Indiana(?).

8364 nitellus, Winchell. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8365 occidens, Winchell. Niagara. Hawthorne, 111.

8366 pirum, Davis. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8367 placenta, Rominger. Corniferus. York, Divingston Co.,

N. Y.

8368 radiatus, Rominger. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8369 radiciformis. Rominger. Corniferous. Charlestown, Ind.

8370 spiculatus, Davis. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8371 spinigerus, Hall. Niagara. Waldron, Ind.

8372 tuberosus, Rominger. Corniferous. Indiana(?).

8373 troosti, Fv. & H. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8374 venustus. Hall. Niagara. Wayne Co., Tenn.
^375 venustus, do. do. Rochester, N. Y.

8376 winchelli, Rominger. Devonian. Michigan.

8377 winchelli, Rominger. Corniferous. Indiana.

8378 Fistulipora acervulosa, Rominger. Hamilton. Watson, Ind.

8379 minuta, do. do. do.

8380 unilinea. Hall. Hamilton. York, N. Y.

8381 sp. Cisco. Graham, Texas.

8382 Hadrophyllum d'orbignyi, E. & H. Upper Devonian.

Charlestown, Ind.

/\iIc('ozoif Cora/s. 75

5353 Hal\sites catenulalus, Liiiiutus. Niagara. Indiaua(?).

5354 Heliolites interstinctus, Linnaeus. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.

5355 interstinctus, Linnaeus. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.
83S6 niacrostylus, Hall. Niagara. Illinois.

S3S7 niegastoma, McCoy. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.

838S pyriformis, Guettard. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.

8389 subtubulatus, McCoy. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.

8390 Heliopliyllum acuminatum. Hall. Corniferous. Charles-

town, Ind.

8391 annulatum, Hall. Corniferous. Charlestown, Ind.
8538 annulatum, do. do. do.

8392 arachne, Hall. Hamilton. Western New York.

8393 beecheri, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Near Charlestown,

Ind.

8394 bordeni, G. K. Greene. Corniferous. Charlestown, Ind.

8395 canadense, Billings. Corniferous.

8396 confluens, Hall. Hamilton. Western New York.
'^397 corniculum, Lesueur. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8398 degener. Hall. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8399 denticulatum, Hall. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8400 eriense, Billings. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8401 exiguum, Billings. Corniferous. Louisville, Ky.

8402 fecundum. Hall. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8403 gemmatum, do. do. do.

8404 geniculatum, Rominger. Hamilton. Charlestown.

8405 gurleyi, G. K. Greene. do. Near Charlestown, Ind.

8406 halli, E. & H. do. Genesee Co., N. Y.

8407 halli, do. do. Clark Co., N. Y.

8408 halli, do. do. Moscow, N. Y.

8409 halli, do. (var. reflexum. Hall). Hamilton. East

Bethany, N. Y.

8410 invaginatum. Hall. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

841 1 irregulare. Hall. Hamilton. Western New York.

8412 jacksoni, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8413 juvensis, Rominger. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8414 laticrescens, Hall. Corniferous. Charlestown, Ind.

8415 multigemmatum, Davis. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8416 nanum, Cr. K. Greene. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8417 nettlerothi. Hall. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

76 Director's Annual Report .

8418 Heliophylluiii obconicum, Hall. Hamilton. W. New York.

8419 obesum, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8420 osculatuni, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Charlestown, IncL

8421 pocillatum, Hall. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8422 proliferum, Hall. Hamilton. Western New York.

8423 scyphulus, do. do. Charlestown, Ind.

8424 scyphus, Rominger. do. do.

8425 tenuimurale. Hall. Coniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8426 tumidulum, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8427 turgidum, do. do. do.

8428 Houghtonia huronica, Rominger. Hvidson River. Marion

Co., Ky.

8429 Lithostrotion canadense, Castlenau. Carboniferous. St.

IvOuis.

8430 proliferum, Hall. Subcarboniferous. Colesburg, Ky.

8431 Lophophyllum proliferum, McChesney. Carboniferous.

Graham, Texas.

8432 Michelinia clappi, E. & H. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8433 convexa, d'Orbigny. Corniferous. Indiana(?).

8434 dividua. Hall. Hamilton. East Bethany, N. Y.

8435 dividua, Hall. Upper Devonian. Crab Orchard, Ky.

8436 iavositojdea, Billings. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.
^539 favositoidea, Billings. Corniferous. Ontario, Canada.

8437 insignis, Rominger. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8438 insignis, do. do. vSellersburg, Ind.

8439 insignis, do. do. Falls of the Ohio.

8440 maxima, Troost. Corniferous.

8441 maxima, Troost. Corniferous. Louisville, Ky.

8442 stylopora, Eaton. Hamilton. Pavilion, N. Y.

8443 Monticulipora dalii, E. & H. Hudson River. Richmond, Ind.

8444 delicatula, Nicholson. do. Warren Co., O.
S445 frondosa, d'Orbigny. Trenton. Decorah, Iowa.

8446 lycoperdon, vSay. Trenton.

8447 mammulata, d'Orbigny. Hudson River. Cincinnati, O.

8448 mammulata, d'Orbigny. do Madison, Ind.

8449 nieeki, James. Hudson River. Warren Co., O.

8450 ramosa, d'Orbigny. do. Jefferson Co., Ind.

8451 rugosa, Hall. Trenton. Tyrone, Ky.

8452 ulrichi, Nicholson. Hudson River. Covington, Ky.

8453 varians, James. Hudson River. Lebanon, O.

J\ila-ozoic Corals. --

>^454 Oni])hynia stokesi, Iv 6c H. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.
S455 stokesi, K. tS: H. Niagara. Bridgeport, 111.

-8456 \erriicosa, Rafinesque. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.
8457 verrucosa, Rafinesque. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.

S458 Pachyphyllum woodniani, White. Chemung. Iowa.

8459 Pachypora fi.scheri, Billings. Corniferous. Fallsof the Ohio.

8460 Phillipsastraea gigas, Owen. Upper Devonian. Crab Or-

chard, K>-.

8461 verneuili, E. & H. Corniferous. Ontario, Canada.

8462 Plasmopora elegans, Hall. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.

8463 follis, E. ^: H. Niagara, Louisville, Ky.

8464 follis, do. do Hillsboro, O.

8465 Ptychophyllum expansum, E. & H. Corniferous. Fallsof

the Ohio.

8466 ipomoea, Davis. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.

8467 knappi, Hall. Hamilton. Crab Orchard, Ky.

8468 versiforme, Hall. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8469 Romingeria cornuta, Billings. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8470 dispensa, Davis. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.
<S47i fasciculata, Davis. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8472 vStreptelasma corniculum, Hall. Hud.son R. Richmond, Ind.

8473 rectum, Hall. Hamilton. We.stern New York.

8474 Striatopora alba, Davis. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8475 cavernosa, Rominger. Corniferous. Le Roy, N. Y.

8476 limbata, Eaton. Hamilton. York, N. Y.

8477 vStrombodes pentagonus, Goldfuss. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.

8478 separatus, Ulrich. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.

8479 striatus, d'Orbigny. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.

8480 unicus, Davis. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.

8481 Syringopora annulata, Rominger. Niagara. Michigan(?),

8482 hisingeri, Billings. Corniferous. Le Roy, N. Y.

8483 maclurii, Billings. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8484 multattenuata, McChesney. St. Louis. Harrison Co., Ind.

8485 nobilis, Billings. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8486 perelegans, Billings. Corniferous. Le Roy, N. Y.

8487 tabulata, Billings. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.
8337/' tubiporoides, Y. & S. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8488 Thecia major, Rominger. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.

8489 minor, Rominger. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.

78 Director' s Annual Report.

8490 Thecia raiuosa, Rominger. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8491 swiiiderniana, Goldfuss. Niagara. Louisville, Ky.

8492 Thecostegites hemisphericus, Roemer. Niagara. Wayne

Co., Tenn.

8493 Trachypora elegantula, Billings. Hamilton. Clark Co., Ind.

8494 Zaphrentis acuticornis, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Charles-

town, Ind.

8495 ampliatus, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8496 calcariformis. Hall. St. Louis. Lanesville, Ind.

8497 campanulatus, G. K. Greene.

8498 centralis, E. & H. Kaskaskia. Hardin Co., Ky.

8499 chcsterensis, Worthen. do. do.

8500 comis, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8501 concava. Hall. Corniferous. Charlestown, Ind.

8502 cornalba, Davis. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.
8341^ cornicula, E. & H. Corniferous. Le Roy, N. Y.

8503 dalei, do. Keokuk. Edwardsville, Ind.

8504 davisana, S. A. Miller. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8505 deformis. Hall. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8506 duplicata, do. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8507 elegans, do. do. do.

8508 frequentata, do. do. do.

8509 gallicalar, Davis, Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8510 gigantea, Lesueur. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

851 1 humilis, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8512 insolens, do. do. do.

8513 ischypus, do. do. do.

8514 lanceolata, Worthen. St. Louis. Lanesville, Ind.

8515 limatus, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Charlestown, Ind.

8516 nitida. Hall. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8517 obliquatus, G. K. Greene. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8518 ovalis. Hall. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8519 profunda. Hall. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8520 prolifica, Billings. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8521 racienensis, Whitfield. Niagara. Bridgeport, 111.

8522 roemeri, E. & H. Lower Helderburg. "The Tyke",

Catskill.

8523 simplex. Hall. Hamilton. Western New York.

8524 spinulosa, E. & H. Kaskaskia. Hardin Co., Ky.

8525 spissa. Hall. Corniferous. Falls of the Ohio.

Bofa)iicaI and (ico/ooica/ Speciiiiciis. 79

8526 terebrata. Hall. Corniferoiis. Falls of the Ohio,

8527 torta, Hall. Coniiferous. Falls of the Ohio.

8528 undata, Hall. Coniiferous. Le Roy, N. Y.

8529 ungula, Roniinger. Coniiferous. lyouisville, Ky.

8530 varians, G. K. Greene. Hamilton. Cliarlestown,

8531 yandelli, Hall. Corniferoiis. Falls of the Ohio.

BOTAXICAI. AXl) (iHOLOGICAL SPHCIMENS.

6788 Opals, from New South Wales.

6794 Awa root, from Samoa. Given by Dr. Kramer.

8545 Nine specimens of lava, from Kilauea. Given by Mr. F«
Waldron.

8554 Lava mould of tree stem. Given by Mr. F. Waldron.

8555 \'olcanic bomb. Given by Mr. F. Waldron.

8556 Rope lava crust, from Kilauea. Given by Mr. F. Waldron.

8557 Lava pushes, from Kilauea.

8558 Edge of lava stream.

8559 Lava push, from Kilauea.

8560 Inner crust of lava from near sulphur cracks, Kilauea.

8561 Inner roof of cave, Kilauea.

8562 Lava, from Kilauea.

8563 F'resh aa.

8565 Lava, from Kilauea.

8570 Block of Naio {Myoponoii sand'a'icense) . Given by Mrs. F.
Waldron.

Many specimens of plants gathered near Kilauea have not yet
been mounted in the Herbarium.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS

OF THE

BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF

POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND

NATURAL HISTORY.

Vol. I. — No. 3.

Director's Report for 1900.

^honolui^u, h. i.
Bishop Museum Press.
1 901.

BOARD OF TRUSTEES.

Sanpord B. Dole, LIv.D President.

William O. Smith Vice-President.

Alfred W. Carter . . . . . . Secretary.

Henry Holmes Treasurer.

Joseph O. Carter. Samuel M. Damon. William F. Allen.

c . —

museum" STAFF.

William T. Brigham Diredlor.

William H. Dall . . Honorary Curator of Mollusca.

William A. Bryan Curator of Birds.

John F. G. Stokes . . Assistant and A(5ling Librarian.

Allen M. Walcott Assistant.

John W. Thompsoi^" .... Artist and Modeller.

Alvin Seale Colledtor.

John J. Greene Printer.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS

OF THE

BERNICE PAUAHI BISHOP MUSEUM OF

POLYNESIAN ETHNOLOGY AND

NATURAL HISTORY.

Vol. I. — No. .S. '

Director's Report for 1900.

honolulu, h. i. .
Bishop Museum Press.
igoi.

7<> the Tritsfccs of the Bcrnicc Paiialii Bishop Miisriiiii.

Sirs: — /;/ luroniiDicc icitJi the vote of the 'JViistees at the stated

))ieeting' of faiiuary /j, f<-joo, I submit my Report on tlte eonditiou

of tJie MnseiiDi and tlie 7i'orl' in its various departuieuts during tlie

year igoo.

WILL/AM T. BRICrHAM

Direeior of the Museum.
Honolulu: Mareh S, igoi .

JAN 16 1902

REPORT.

THE hope expressed in the previous Report that this Museum
might soon make independent collec5lions on the islands of the
Pacific has been agreeably fulfilled during the past year by the
expedition of Mr. Alvin Scale to Guam of the Marianas. By the
courtesy of the United States War Department passage was allowed
on a transport and for several months Mr. Scale industriously col-
lected in various departments. The result will be seen farther on
in this Report. With this exception the additions to the collec1;ions
in the Museum have not been large, as until the Hawaiian Hall is
ready for occupancy there is no room available for storage.

The room formerly devoted to the principal Hawaiian collec-
tion has been entirely remodeled. The cases removed and the floor
replaced by concrete and mosaic tiling have left the hall ready for
new cases, which are sadly needed, and have provided an effecflual
safeguard against the inroads of the termites. The fine Hawaiian
Hall which has been long in construcflion is now completed and
seems admirably adapted to its purpose, but as no cases have yet
been provided it stands empty and unused. In the meantime the
Hawaiian colledlions have for the most part been stored, some are
on exhibition in the Hawaiian Vestibule in temporary cases, but
all are suffering for want of proper cases. In a tropical climate a
tight and insect-proof case is one of the most important desiderata
of a Museum, and it is useless to accumulate specimens without
first providing proper cases for their preservation if not for their
exhibition.

While no especial attempt, except in the Guam expedition, has
been made to increase the colleclions, much work has been done
in revising the catalogues, especiallv the card catalogue which is

(3)

4 Dircclor' s Annual Report.

locally arranged and of which each card contains as much informa-
tion about the specimen that it represents as is available. In ad-
dition many of the cards bear a photograph or in some cases a
drawing of the specimen, so that in consulting this catalogue one
can see at a glance the nature of the specimen. As almost every-
thing of importance has been photographed this plan has been
easily carried out, and in any case it is ver}- easy to make a group
photograph of which the print can be cut to furnish the small pic-
tures needed for the cards. By using the platinotype or bromide
processes the print is as durable as the card. In some cases, as for
example with poi pounders of which there are dozens much alike,
the photograph .shows a differentiation that no concise description
could. Wherever the. Museum publications furnish illustrations of
objecfts in the collec5lions these can be imprinted on the card as well.
The card catalogue is thus in a way to become a fully illu.strated
record of the contents of the Museum. A new s^'stem of recording
accessions has also been adopted, which it is thought will simplify
the work. Hitherto the shells and plants have had a separate
series of numbers in order to keep the label numbers as small as
possible, the species of shells alone approaching 10,000, and now
the birds and fishes have also been separated and the one in charge
of each of these departments has an independent accession book for
which he is responsible. Mr. Stokes has done much work on the
manuscript of the catalogue of the collecftion of shells, which it is
hoped may soon be ready for printing.

Mr. Walcott and myself made a hurried visit to Kauai, at the
request of the Trustees to examine some private colleclions of
Hawaiian antiquities, which had been offered to the Museum, but
while the specimens were often desirable, there were very many
duplicates and the prices a.sked were too high for duplicates. We
found in the valley of Hanalei where sugar was largely cultivated,
rice had taken its place, but elsewhere the canefields .seemed to have
taken all available land on that part of Kauai, even the grand grove
of kukui trees near Kilauea, a grove of such antiquity that tradition

Direflor' s .\)iiiual Report. 5

does not recognize the \ontli ol the jncftnresque old trees, is in dan-
ger of destruction that a few acres may be added to the canefields.

Having occasion during my vacation to visit the cities of the
Atlantic seaboard I thought it desirable that Mr. Stokes should at
the same time visit the American museums, and the Trustees ac-
ceded to my wishes and granted him a leave of absence and an
appropriation for his expenses. His impressions of these museums
I have requested him to add to this Report. I felt that his eye
might notice improvements and desirable methods that might
escape my examination, and we are so remote from all such insti-
tutions that it is very needful to .study their work, methods and
exhibits as thoroughly and as often as possible.

Soon after the publication of the first Memoir the Trustees
decided that the edition of three hundred copies was not sufficient
to meet the demand and ordered the issue of an additional number.
This reprint has been commenced but has been delayed by the
nonarrival of the colored plates made in Vienna. The printing
office has been otherwi.se fully occupied in the preparation of the
second Memoir which was issued at the close of the year. This
was an Index of the Islands of the Pacific Ocean prepared by the
Dire(5lor, and the printing required great care and taste happily met
by Mr. Greene. This and the Annual Report for 1899, which w^as
issued about the same time, fully taxed the resources of the office.
The next publication in quarto form will be Mr. Bryan's Key to
the Hawaiian Birds, and this is well advanced. Much work has
alvSo been done in photographing the illu.strations for the fourth
Memoir which will be ready for printing during the current year.
This will be a description of ancient Hawaiian Stone Implements.

By the kindness of Eric Knudsen Esq. the frame of an ancient
grass house was obtained from a remote valley on the northwest
coast of Kauai and Mr. W. E. H. Deverill attended to the difficult
transportation of the heavy .stonecut logs composing this frame.
In due time this will be reerecled in the new hall and properly
thatched, thus preserving a genuine old Hawaiian house — Hale pili.

6 DircHor's Annual Report.

A number of books and .specimens purchased in Europe dur-
ing the year have not yet arrived owing to their detention in San
Francisco by the Customs officials of that port. One case of books
from Ivondon which was sent via Panama and San Francisco was
opened at the latter port in accordance with the United States reg-
ulations and without resoldering sent on a voyage of two thousand
miles. These annoyances it is hoped will now cease, for it is un-
derstood that orders making more suitable regulations have been
issued.

TABLE OF ATTENDANCE.

'i-

3

a

be

aj

0)

a

s

0)

C3
OS

eg

1

c

03
Q

1
Q

TS

II

Dally
Average.

Totals.

■Tannar.v

February

March

"2.35
363
4S,S
434
272
23S
334
33.-)
342
396

38
.337
204
11.5
58
70
114
127
104
152

" 4

14
40
59
19
38
30
8
8
31

' 84
l.M
226
132
1.33
148
81
95
63
102

"44

.'')8
95
79
107
76
90
37
33
86

2
3
5

2

1

7
9
S
10
8
9
9
8
9
9

"i
5

10

4
4

6
4

3

'"s

66
72
44
15
90
74
37
15

'08 '
115
124

75.4

68

61.3

62.2

66

57

84

8
13

7.2
11

3.7
15
18.2

7.4

5

9.8

407

928

1056

824

July

589

Aus'iiKt

.Sei)teml)er

October

November

December

567
660
602
5!50
767

Totals

3437

1319

251

1213

705

15

86

42

421

77.1

6940

Owdng to the prevalence of the Bubonic Plague among the
Orientals of this city at the beginning of the year this Museum was
closed for two months and the Assistants were fully occupied as
sanitary inspecflors. During the rest of the year the single road
between towni and the Museum has been in a most disgraceful con-
dition, at times even dangerous, and has doubtless had an effect
upon the attendance at the Museum. The attendance of whites
has slightly diminished, that of Japanese increased from the previ-
ous year. Schools have made use of both the colleclions and the
publications in their courses, and it has been found necessary to
regulate this attendance to prevent anno^-ance to other visitors.

Dircdor' s .\)niiial l\rpo)t.

Report of J. F. G. Stokes' Visit to the
American Museums.

Thp: Trustees of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, deem-
ing it desirable that I should become familiar with the arrangement
of the larger American museums, decided to send me under the
guidance of the Director, Mr. Brigham, on a short tour of inspec-
tion for this purpose through the United vStates. The time allowed
did not permit of the most thorough examination, but the informa-
tion gained and the many hints and suggestions taken advantage
of, will no doubt be of value to our Museum in Honolulu. Atten-
tion was paid most particularly to the collections of Polynesian
material, and when time did not permit the examination of speci-
mens from places outside the Pacific region, these departments
I was unfortunately compelled to pass unnoticed.

Much kind attention and great cordiality were shown by the
gentlemen in the departments visited, and the willing help afforded
was of the utmost value. Ver}- many thanks are due these gentlemen
for the assistance so readily given, and an opportunity is souo-ht
to show our Museum's appreciation for the kindnesses rendered.

The institutions visited were : The California Academy of
Sciences in San Francisco; the Missouri Botanical Garden in
St. Louis; the Smithsonian Institution, V. S. National Museum,
Army Medical Museum, U. S. Botanical Gardens, National Zoo-
logical Gardens, and the U. S. P'ish Commission buildino- in
Washington; in Philadelphia, the Academy of Natural vSciences
the Zoological Park, the Free Museum of vScience and Art, the
Philadelphia Commercial Museums and Memorial Hall at Fair-
mount Park ; in New York, the Aquarium in Battery- Park^
Columbia University Library, the New York Zoological Garden
and Botanical Museum at Bronx Park, the American Museum of
Natural History and the Metropolitan Museum of Art ; in Boston
and Cambridge, the Boston Society of Natural History, Peabodv
Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Museum of Comparative
Zoology, the Museum of Fine Arts and the Boston Public Librarv
While in Rochester, N. Y., Ward's Natural History Establishment
was looked through, and in Chicago the Field Columbian Museum
was visited.

8 DircRor' s Annual Report.

The California Academy of vSciences has done valuable work
in increasing the knowledge of the natural history of the Pacific
region, more particularly in the ornithological and conchological
sedlions, in the latter branch having been assisted by the contribu-
tions of Messrs. Pease and Garrett in earlier days. I might men-
tion here that the Garrett colle(5lion of shells is in the cases of the
Bishop Museum. The bird collecl;ion was being well developed by
the Curator, and the series of Pacific coast marine birds was very
fine. The ethnological department had been much neglected
through the want of individual attention, but the recent acquisition
of an ethnologist from New^ York will no doubt result in the col-
leClion being placed in satisfacflory order. Much time in future is
to be given to the study of aboriginal life in California. The Poly-
nesian collecftion was poor, which is very strange when the trade
from San Francisco to the Pacific islands is taken into consideration.

Opportunity was taken to visit the Stanford University at Palo
Alto, Cal., whence the benefit of Dr. Jordan's work in training
young scientists is already widely felt. The study of fish is closely
followed in this university, the laboratory of which was found to be
as complete as modqrn improvements could make it. The University
Museum has been carefully arranged and would rank mainly as a
family museum, having no doubt been established to be of most
interest to the Stanford students.

In St. lyouis the beautiful and arti.stically arranged gardens of
the Missouri Botanical Park were seen. This park originally be-
longed to a philanthropic botanist who bequeathed it to the state to
be used as a public garden. That the responsibility of caring for
the place was appreciated, w^as shown by the splendid order kept
and the very complete naming of the plants. Adjoining the gar-
dens was a large enclosure in which grew the larger American
trees labelled with botanical and general names.

On arriving in Washington the Smithsonian Institution was
visited. It was observed that one vast colle(5lion was preserved in
the two buildings, the vSmithsonian Institution containing the greater
portion of the natural history collection, represented by the inverte-
TDrates, birds and fish ( casts ) ; the botanical portion was not seen. In
this building was also a room given up to the stone and copper im-
plements of the American aborigines. The National Museum was
devoted to ethnology and anthropology, and the balance of the nat-
ural history collecftion comprising geological specimens, mammals

/. /•. (i . S/o/ccs' I isif to .liiicncaii Mksckiiis. 9

and a great luiniber of fish casts. The mode of iiiouiiting birds and
nianinials in groups is to be ver}' highly recommended, as such a
procedure calls for the keen observation which only the true nat-
uralist can exercise. Of the fine groups of mammals in the National
Museum, the most noteworthy was that of the bisons, where the
imitation of nature was very good. There were other pleasing
groups, musk-ox, antelope, caribou and moose. The collecftion of
shells was a very valuable one, including as it did many specimens
not duplicated in other institutions. Ho\vever they were rather
poorly exhibited on account of the lack of space, and only the
kindness of the Curator, Dr. Dall, permitted the writer to obtain an
adequate idea of the collection. The corals might well be increased
in number, and no doubt the recent expedition of the Albatross
(1899) will contribute to this department. The ethnological col-
le(5lions from the Pacific region were scant, although ver}' valuable,
being composed largely of specimens gathered b}' the Wilkes
Expedition in 1 84 1-3. There were two large stone images from
Rapanui, which the museum was fortunate in possessing, and other
objects from this island were fairly plentiful. The Australian and
Papuan colle(5lions needed increasing, and satisfactory exchanges
could be effected with the Australian museums. Of American ab-
original pottery and basket work there was great abundance, as also
other specimens pertaining to American ethnology. The groups
of aborigines performing home duties are worthy of especial notice.
Series showing the evolution of the axe, hammer and other tools
from their most primitive forms to the modern types, were admir-
ably illustrated. There was one room which contained a large
series of boats, showing every form from the dugout canoe to the
modern steamboat and sailing vessel. The canoes and small boats
were represented by originals, and models took the place of larger
vessels. The geological collections were large and comprehensive,
and the specimens displayed in a way which thoroughly showed
the character of each.

■ It seemed strange after visiting the Capitol and Congressional
Library in Washington and noting the undoubted architectural
and artistic skill of Americans, that the magnificent collecftion in
the Smithsonian Institution and National Museum should not be
housed in a building more befitting the dignity of the United
States' capital. Against the arrangement of the specimens in the
National Museum nothing could be said, although in the Smith-

lo Dircclor' s Annual Report.

sonian Institution many specimens would be invisible without the
aid of electric light, but the buildings should be of far grander and
more magnificent style so as to be worthy of the capital of the great
United States of America.

The U. S. Army Medical Museum contained many anatomical
preparations of great value to the medical student. This museum
also contained two tatooed and dried Maori heads from New Zealand,
and it would seem more fitting if these specimens were placed with
some museum for anthropology, where they would be highly valued.

It was rather an unfortunate time of the year (September) to
visit the U.S. Fish Commission, as the breeding season had not
commenced and the collecftions were not fully represented. The
conveniences for taking care of the fish in all stages of growth were
noted with much interest.

The National Zoological Gardens are situated near Chevy
Chase, and the site chosen for this park showed that there had
been great forethought in the seledlion of a place not only suitable
for its purpose, but containing the great advantage of natural
scener^^ There was a fine herd of bison roaming in their exten-
sive run. The aviary was large and kept in good order, and the
reptile house well stocked. A neatly arranged aquarium was seen
on the grounds, constru(5led on modern plans, and the mammal
house contained a very representative collecftion. The confined
inmates of the park were looking very healthy, with rare excep-
tions, and the care apparent on every side did great credit to the
gentlemen in charge.

Reaching Philadelphia, a visit was first paid to the Academy
of Natural Sciences, where Dr. Pilsbry had the kindness to ac-
company me when looking through the magnificent collection of
molluscs in his charge. This colledtion, it is generally admitted, is
the finest in the United States, although the Smithsonian Institution
has many rare specimens not represented in this Academy . The con-
venient method of keeping the duplicate species in drawers below
the exhibition cases would assist the work of the conchological
student very much. In other branches of natural history also
there were excellent opportunities for study, the working collec-
tions being well supplied and conveniently stored. In ethnology,
the colle(5tion from the Pacific was not large, nor in fact was any
pertaining to countries outside America. The Academy held a
colle(?tion of very fine Hawaiian Kapa, which probably, on account

/. F. (i. Stoku's' I 7s// to Anuricaii Mitsciiiiis . n

of the space required, will never be exhibited in a sati.s(a(5lory
way. It was interesting to notice the similarity between some of
the discoidal stones from Georgia and Alabama, and the ulumaika
or bowling stones of the Hawaiians. The arrangement of the
exhibits was good, as far as the specimens themselves w^ere con-
cerned, but great trouble was experienced in viewing them clearly
owing to the darkness of the rooms — darkness due partly no dovibt
to the dull weather then prevailing, but in a greater degree to the
building itself.

The Zoological Park has been placed in a spot possessing
many natural advantages. It has been well arranged, and the
comfort of the installation and the convenience of the visitors
have been equally well attended to. The tank for the sea-lions
with its hollowed rock in the middle, was an example of the
careful planning of the place, and it was interesting to learn that
the waterfowl on the small circular lake had been domesticated
enough to begin to breed. Many rare animals and birds were
seen here — among the birds the Cereopsis novce-hollandce being rep-
resented by two specimens alive. Considerable time was spent in
the reptile house, where the Superintendent had been passing his
spare time in casting and coloring different American snakes, and,
for preserving the form, the advantage of snake casts over mounted
skins is undoubted. The coloring of casts requires much patience
and care in using the sombre shades.

A very brief visit was paid to the Philadelphia Museum at the
Memorial Hall, Fairmount Park, containing many exhibits collecfted
during the Centennial Exposition, 1876, but, although many beau-
tiful things were seen, time was too limited for a close examination.

I was much pleased with the artistic arrangement of the Free
Museum of Science and Art, and very interested in the theories of
the Curator, Mr. Stewart Culin. The museum was rich in archae-
olog}', containing many steles and altars from Central America, and
was also the depository for the collections made by the Babylonian
expeditions under Dr. Hilprecht. In the ethnological sed:ion Mr.
Culin's principles w^ere rigidly adhered to, and it contained speci-
mens which form, metaphorically, links of a chain connecting many
widely separated countries.

The opportunity was taken to visit the Philadelphia Commer-
cial Museum, an institution fovmded for the purpose of aiding the
American merchant when extending his business to foreign coun-

12 Director s .liiinial Report.

tries. It had correspondents in every large cit_v in the world and
I was personally able to verify the information received from a
town in Australia in which I had lived many years. In the
museum, articles of ordinary use were shown in every stage of
manufa(5lure, and the young business man could, without leaving
the building, learn how everything manufadlured which he con-
sumed, was made. In addition to this, the products of different
countries were grouped together, so that a man could see enough
to judge the opportunity of trade with any countr}- previously un-
known to him. An inclination was at one time apparent to include
in this institution's publications papers concerning the study of
zoolog}', but the management finally decided to confine itself to
matters commercial. A suggestion was tendered by Mr. Brigham,
that the institution enlarge its work a little and gather names of
dealers in museum material, which suggestion was received favor-
ably. The establishment of the museum is due entirely to the
great energy expended by Dr. W. P. Wilson, to whom the mer-
chants of the United States should feel very greatly indebted.

In New York, some time was spent in the New York Aqua-
rium at Battery Park. The aquarium building as is generally
known, was a fort called Castle Clinton, which has been modified
sufficiently to make a very neat and suitably construcfted aquarium.
There were several large tanks built in the floor for large fish and
seals, while the glass-faced tanks for the smaller fish were arranged
in two tiers around the circular building. Originally Castle Clinton
stood on an island some distance from the shore, but the land at
this part of the harbor has been reclaimed and extended so as to
bring the building within the beach line. In the reclaimed land
wells have been sunk, and from these the salt water supply was
obtained, the wells being repleted by the filtration into them of sea
water. Apparatus was provided for heating and cooling the water
supply, so that the temperature could be adjusted to meet the
needs of tropical fish as well as those requiring cool water, at any
season. The vegetable growth in some of the tanks looked healthy
and some pretty views of submarine life were available by means
of this addition. The aquarium was not as rich as expecfted in the
varie.ty of its colle(5f;ion ; it had a good supply of the American
fishes, more particular!}' those used for food, but a larger repre-
sentation of tropical fish would add to its attra(5liveness and the
public interest generally.

/. /•'. a. Sfokrs' ]'isif fo .1 iiivriraii Miisciiiiis. 13

At Bronx Park, New York, the first institution examined was
the New York Zoological Park. This park was in process of con-
struction. One of the permanent buildings completed was the
reptile house, in the construdtion of which much consideration
had been given to the accommodation of the inmates and con-
venience of the working staff. The first compartment entered con-
tained the cages for reptiles from the temperate zones lining the
walls. This appartment led into one four times the size in which
the collection of tropical reptiles was found ; two sides and an end
of this room were reserved for cases, while at the other end was a
large tank for the saurians. In the middle of the hall were two
large tanks for turtles, the smaller containing salt water for marine
turtles, and the larger divided into several compartments for
terrapin and supplied by a stream of fresh water. Arrangements
were made for heating the appartment with hot water. Behind the
crocodile tank was a small conservatory in which the tropical
plants cultivated throve luxuriantly. Outside the reptile house
and convenient to it was a large basin intended as the summer res-
idence of the Crocodilia. It was understood that the reptile house
of the Zoological Society of London was taken as a model for the
Bronx Park establishment, and the internal arrangement of the
latter was certainly most admirable. The ranges for the hoofed
animals, stretching along the western and southwestern borders of
the park, had already been partitioned off with a high fencing of
wire, and temporary shelters had been provided for the animals
already in the collecftion. The American Ungulata were represented
very fully. Among the Carnivora, the wolves, foxes and bears were
provided with dens, the bears' den having been blasted out of the
rock and built up with cement, and the others generally constructed
of wood : strong iron railings with the upper ends turned inwards
as usual, insured the safet}- of the visitors. The sea-lions had
their pools, and looked as comfortable as on the rocks outside San
PVancisco. vSeveral of the aviaries were completed, the finest of
which was the flying cage, 150 feet long and 50 feet high ; it con-
tained herons, storks and ibises. The house for the smaller mam-
mals was read}- and filled, while permanent structures had not yet
been erecfted for members of the cat family. Very great credit is
due to Mr. William T. Hornaday, the dire(5tor, for the way in which
the work has been carried on, and under his care the park bids

14 Dircoflr' s Annual Report.

fair to surpass anj-thing of a like construcftiou in the United States.
The plans were on a scale which should make it the beau-ideal of
a zoological park.

Remaining within the confines of Bronx Park, a short visit
was paid to the New York Botanical Museum, Gardens and Con-
servatory. The interior of the museum had lately been completed,
and some of the space for exhibition still waited to be filled. The
botanical specimens were arranged for the convenience of students
of botain' and commercial people, in the latter connecSlion most
vegetable produ(5ls used in manufacftures being shown in the raw
state with, near-by, the sketches and names of the plants producing
them . A very nice arrangement was made for the young student —
about a dozen good microscopes were placed in a room, showing
portions of various plants, the slides being changed from time to
time. B}- this arrangement, any one interested in botany, unable
to afford the cost of a good microscope, could glean a pracftical
knowledge difficult to obtain in other ways. The system of pro-
viding microscopes for the public in this way might advantageousl)^
be adopted by other institutions. In the portion laid out as the
garden, a classification of the beds was made according to the
families and genera of the plants, thus giving a student the text-
book illustrated by Nature. The conservatories, just completed,
were being prepared for the reception of the plants allotted to them .
This institution has alread}' commenced to publish botanical in-
formation, six bulletins having left the printer's hands.

The next institution to be visited was the American Museum
of Natural Histor}-, in Central Park. This museum will, when
completed, be the largest in the United States, and though but
one-third of its plan has been carried out, it now approaches in
size the National Museum in Washington, the collections however
not being as valuable as in the latter institution, excepting those
of vertebrate, paleontology, mammals and birds. These last three
collecftions in the Museum of Natural History deserve particular
notice, not only on account of their value scientifically, but also of
the skilled and artistic methods adopted in their mountings. The
expeditions which the Department of Paleontology has been en-
abled to send out for dinosaurs and fossil mammals, have been
doing excellent work, and the number of new species thus obtained
was verv considerable. The needs of the working student have

J . F. (i . Stokes^ I isif to .liiirricaii Museum . 15

not been overlooked, and several skeletons have been mounted so
that individual bones could be removed for stud}' without disturb-
ing the others. \'ery fine bird groups were exhibited, among
others, the Duck Hawk Ciroup being very remarkable. In mount-
ing groups, more attention has been paid to those of North America;
each group was composed of the male and female, with the nest
and eggs, their home surroundings being imitated in a way which
showed how near Art was to Nature. The same could be said of
the mounting of the mammals ; two large groups in particular, of
moose and bison, were reputed to be the best in the world. The
Archaeological Department has been well arranged, and was very
rich in collecftions from Central America and Mexico. Much at-
tention has been paid to these localities, and where an important
specimen has been unobtainable for the museum, it was repre-
sented by a well executed cast. In ethnology, some very fine col-
lections from the Pacific region were viewed. A collecftion had
lately been purchased, and an experiment w'as being made of
carding the specimens on dark buff boards — the specimens thus
mounted looked very well but required such a large space that it
has yet to be ascertained if the extra expense and additional room
needed will justify this method. A very neat and effe(5live way of
mounting the butterflies has been adopted : plaster tablets faced
with glass enclosed the insects, and in order to show the back and
underpart, two tablets were used for each species. This method,
too, requires very much room, although making a pleasing exhibit
for the public. The museum has spent much time in order to
please the people of New York, and many special collecftions were
exhibited to show forms of life found within a radius of fifty miles
from New York City.

In Boston, the Society of Natural History was visited, and the
museum had an appearance of long standing. The material seen
in it must be of great value, although overcrowded. This society
has i.ssued many very valuable publications.

The Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Eth-
nology held in its halls among other fine collections, very good
ones of ethnological material from the Pacific region, including
rare specimens from the Hawaiian, Fijian and Marquesan Islands.
Its collection of archaeological specimens was very rich. The cases
for exhibition were well planned, and each specimen could be seen
with ease if the background of the cases were of a lighter color.

i6 DircHor s Annual Report.

The Museum of Co^lpa^ati^•e Zoology was undoubtedly the
most admirable institution for the study of zoology seen on the trip.
The classification and arrangement approached perfecftion, and the
amount of information placed in the cases was very great. Series
were made illustrating the morphology of many different species,
and in other cases types of genera and species had been selecfted
and carded dissecfted. An excellent series of radiates were shown
by the glass models made by the Blatscha Bros., and the alcoholic
specimens were on view in another department. The museum
possessed a giant spider crab from Japan {Kccnipfcria kcrn^pfcri) ,
nearly as large as that in the Bishop Museum.

At Rochester, N. Y., Ward's Natural History Establishment
was visited for the purpose of obtaining an insight to the most
modern methods of mounting specimens. The workshops were
examined, and the work appeared to be carried on in a very sys-
tematic and thorough manner. Several useful suggestions were
kindly given by the Messrs. Ward.

In Chicago a little time was spent in the Field CoUimbian
Museum, and while the collecliions were large, comprehensive and
valuable, the arrangement of some left much to be desired. It
would seem that little attention had been paid to the correct identi-
fication of the ethnological specimens, for many common things
were found incorrecT;ly labelled, and those which were labelled
aright were not classified in anything like a satisfactory manner.
The birds were nicely classified, and several very good groups were
seen — some of the collection however was in such darkness, that
the specimens were hardly visible. One section contained speci-
mens illustrating all the modes of locomotion on land, including
models or originals of the different types of railway engines — this
department was very interesting. The museum was in one of the
buildings remaining from the Columbian Exposition in 1893, and
contained many of the exhibits from that fair — these latter con-
stituted the greater part of the collection.

The journey has been very interesting and instructive, and
many things were learned which will no doubt be of value in the
future arrangement of the Museum.

Report of a Mission to Guam.

BY ALVIN SEALE.

Part L— AVIFAUNA.

The Marianas or Ladrone Islands consist of twenty-one small
volcanic islands which extend on a north and south line for a space
of about 400 miles. They were discovered by Magalhaes, March 6,
1521. For the most part they present a bold rocky coast line with
high hills or low mountains rising in the interior. They are
densely wooded, except on top of the mountains, where it is
usually barren, or covered with tall grass.

My actual field work was confined to the island of Guam,
which is the largest and southernmost of the group, being thirty-
two miles long by twelve broad. This island is densely wooded,
except in the northwest, where there is a small range of low
mountains reaching to an elevation of 1800 feet. The general
height of the island is from fifty to seventy-five feet, with a few
small fresh water ponds and marshes, and perhaps eight or ten
small streams.

In this paper I have followed as near as possible the A. O. U.
code of nomenclature. The key, inserted for the convenience of
fellow-workers in Polynesian ornitholog}^ is chiefly compiled from
various works of worth bearing on the subject. The measurements
are all in inches, and like the color notes were taken from speci-
mens in the flesh. /. c., in all the Guam specimens. Unless a speci-
men is marked '' Immahirc^' an adult bird is to be understood.
The local names given in Vol. V., Nov. Zool., all have a curious
Japanese twist to them, and with one exception are all incorrecftly
spelled. The native names as herein given were all revised by
Lieutenant-Governor Safford of Guam, who is the best living
authorit}' on the Chamorro language.

o. p. B. p. B. M.— Vol. I., No. 3. (17)

KEY TO ORDERS.

a'. Toes four, all fully connected b_v web. Order SteganopodeS.
a-. Toes four, hind toe not conne<fted with front ones; bill with

cutting edge fringed or dentate Order Anseres.

a^. Toes four, all on the same level; bill short, strongly hooked,
and with a cere at the base of the upper mandible.

Order Raptores.
a*. Toes three, or if four the hind one not connected b}^ web with
the inner toe.

b'. Nostrils tube-shaped, feet webbed Order Tubinares.

b'. Nostrils not tubular, anterior toes webbed, tarsus shorter

than the tail Order I/Ongipennes.

bv Nostrils not tubular, anterior toes not broadly united by

web, the lower portion of the thighs naked, or else the

bill is lengthened and grooved along each side, outer

and middle toes separate.

C'. Hind toe long and on the same level as the front

toes, loral or orbital regions naked.

Order Herodioties.

C-. Hind toe short and on same level as front toes, or but

slightly elevated ; if long as lower mandible there

is a frontal shield present Order Paludicolse.

C\ Hind toe short and below the level of the front toes.

Order lyimicolse.

b-*. Nostrils not tubular, the lower portion of the thighs

feathered, or else the middle and outer toes are united

for at least half their length.

C^. Hind toe small and elevated, or else bill is without

a soft cere, bill not hooked, short and stout.

Order Gallinse.
C^. Hind toe well developed and on a level with the an-
terior toes, bill with a soft swollen cere at the base

of the upper mandible Order Columbse.

C''. Bill without soft swollen cere.

(IS)

Key to Orders. I9>

d'. Wing very long, about equal to the total length
of the bird, which does not exceed 4.50, pri-
maries ten, secondaries six.

Order Macrochires.

d'. Wing shorter, equal to about one-half the total
length of the bird, bill large, primaries nine.

Order Coccyges.

d^. Wings not very long, toes three in front and one
behind, the middle and outer toes not united
for half their length, lower part of thighs
feathered, the tarsus equal to or longer than
the lateral toes Order Passeres.

20 Direclor' s Anmial Report.

Order LONGIPENNES.— Long-winged Swimmers.

a'. Bill without cere, lower mandible not longer than upper,
tail feathers twelve, claws feeble or moderate. Family Larida",
Gulls and Terns.

b'. Tail even, hind toe perfectly developed but small, cul-
•nien more than two-thirds as long as tarsus. Genus Lams.
b". Tail graduated.

C'. Outer tail feathers broad and rounded at tip.

d'. Wing le.ss than 9.5, general color black,
wings lighter. Genus Hydrochclidon .

d'. Wings more than 9.5, general color, includ-
ing wings, a sooty black. Genus Anous.

Or . Outer tail feathers sharp, pointed, the next to the
outer pair the longest, general color pure white. Genus Gygis,
Wagler.

Genus ICARUS Lixn.^u.s.

I. I/arus vegae (Palmen). Pallas' Gull.

Mantle light gray or pearl gray ; no black spot on the bill of
the adult. lyCngth 26, wing 15. 15-18.30, culnien 1.90-2.20, tarsus
2.15-2.20. Hab. Pacific Ocean, probably accidental on the Mari-
anas, only one specimen having been taken there, which is now in
the Paris Museum.

Gems HYDROCHELIDON Boie

2. Hydrochelidon leucoptera (Temm.). White - winged

Black Tern.

General color black, silvery and white on wings ; young and
winter specimens with tail and under parts white. lyength 9.3,
culmen i.i, wing 8.2, tail 3.1, tarsus .75, mid-toe and claw i.
Hab. (Doubtful) Parts of the Australian and American coasts.

Genus ANOUS Le.\ch.

a'. Forehead alone is distinctly wdiitish. Anous stolidus.l^niw.
a,-. Entire top of head whitish, the white changing graduallx'
into a.shy on the hind neck. Anous Icucocapillus, Gould.

3. Anous leucocapillus Gould. Black - cheeked Noddj^

Lores jet black, cheeks dusky, upper and under parts nearl\-
black, tarsus and toes dark brown. Length 13, culmen 2, wing 9,
tail 5, tarsus .9, mid-toe and claw 1.4. Hab. Inter-tropical Atlantic,

Report of a M/ss/oii to (rua)ii. 21

Australia, and Pacific islands. Probabh- resident on the island ot
J^ai]x\n, Marianas.

4. Anous stolidus (I^inn.). Fahan. Noddy.

The Noddy, Cateshy, Nat. Hi.st. Carolina, 1737, I-' P- 81S.

Slciiui sMida, I.iiiii., Syst. Nat., 175S, ed. XI., p. 173; Kittl. Kupfcrtaf. III., p. 27.

.Annus iMiiiits. Gray, Gen. B., p. 100; Saunder.s, Cat. Brit. Mus. B., XX\'., p. 136; Wiglesw. Av.'

Polv. Ber. abh.'u. Mus. Dresden, iSgo-91, p. 76; Rothschild, Av. I.,ay.san, iSg^, I., p. 41;

Haftert. Nov. Zool., 1S9S, V., p. 6.S.
I lions s/o/i'iiits pilt'atiis (Scop.), Hartert, Nov. Zool.. VI.. p. g.

The natives tell me this bird is very abundant on the island of
Saipan. In Guam it is not very conimou ; a few were seen on the
cliffs near the entrance of the harbor of San Luis de Apra. The
five specimens secured were shot on the northeast end of the island,
where a small number were seen flying along the beach. These
specimens are much darker in color than those from L,aysan and
Oahu, H.I. The measurements were as follows: —

Mnsriini

Mid-lv,-

.\o.

IJaU:

Length .

Wing.

Tail.

V'arsns.

Culmrn.

and c.

.Sex

!)5.S!t

.luue 14

11.15

()..50

2.75

1.06

I.IS

1.62

iiu-d"

!tS90

.June 15

17.00

11.25

6.02

.95

1..53

1 ..55

?

9591

June 1(5

17.05

10.87

7.00

.90

1.59

1.64

d

9592

.Tune 23

17.05

11.16

6.00

1.00

1 .59

1.63

d

9o9X

June 23

17.00

11.00

6.45

1.00

1.63

1 ..55

9

One specimen, No. 9589, was a young male, the color of which
was not so dark as in the adults ; the gray coloring is restricted to
the forehead ; there is a white superciliary band extending from
posterior of the eye to the upper mandible. The chin has not yet
acquired the brown feathers of the adult, but is still covered with
a gray down. There is a dark wing bar on top of wings, //aly.
Tropical and juxta-tropical seas.

Genus GYGIS Wagler.
5. Gygis alba kittlit^i Hartert. Chung. White Tern.

Ovgis aiha kittliizi. Hart., Vogels. Mus. Senckenb., p. 237; Id. Nov. Zool., V., p. 67.

.Sti'iiia nii'ca. F. Bennett, Whaling Voy., 1840, I., p. 37.

Gygis Candida. Wagl., Isis, 1S32, p. 1223; Finsch, Ibis, 1880, pp. 330, 434: Tristr. Ibi.s, iSSi, p.

251 ; Saunders, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXV., p. 149.
Gygis alba. Licht., Noniencl. Av., 1854, p. 97 ; Finsch. Journ. Mus. Godef., 1S75, VIII., p. 43;

Roth. Avif. Laysan, I., p. 35 (pi. and eggs).

Chung, the White Tern, is an abundant bird on Guam and
undoubtedly nests on the island, although I did not succeed in
finding the eggs. The}' congregate in the breadfruit trees in the
midst of the jungle, and the beauty of their pure w^hite plumage
among the green leaves is very striking: —

'iisi'u >n

Mid-toe

.\o.

Dale.

Length .

]Ving.

Tail.

Ta

ISKS.

Culmen.

and c.

.Sex

9578

June 10

12.75

9..-)0

4.68

..56

1.60

1.15

d

9.5S0

June 16

12..50

9.50

4.68

..53

1.54

1.12

d

9.5.S1

June 16

12.25

9.50

4.. 50

..53

1..50

1.12

d

9.583

.June 16

12.75

9.50

4..50

.56

1..50

1.16

9

95N4

July 11

13.00

9.75

4.80

..50

1.60

1.15

,-f

9579

June 15

13.0U

9.75

4.75

..56

1.63

1,16

"j;

The spread of the wings is about 26, and the depth of the bill
at the nostrils is .31-. 33. The entire plumage of the adult is ivor^-

22 Dircnor' s Annual Rcporf.

white with the exception of a ver}^ narrow dusky ring around the
e5^e. The shafts of the primaries are gray ; the feet and tarsus are
blue with white webs, which are deeply incised ; the bill is blue,
darker at tip ; eyes brown. In the dry skins the color of the bill
becomes much darker, and the webs fade into a pale 3'ellowish,
but the toes retain their blue color and are never dark brown as
given by Saunders (Brit. Mus. Cat. B., XXV., p. 150), or black
as given by Rothschild (Avif. Laysan, I., p. 36). In this last
citation the length of the bill is given as 0.4-0.5! — doubtless a
printer's error. Two specimens of this tern, taken by H. C. Palmer
on Laysan Island June, 1891, give the following measurements:
Length (skins) 12.75, wing 9.75 and 9.60, tail 4.62 and 4.35, tar-
sus .50 and .52, mid-toe and claw 1.15 and i.ii, culmen 1.40 and
1.55, its depth at nostrils .30 and .31. Hah. Polynesia.

Order TUBINARES— Tube-nosed Swimmers.

a'. Wings large, over 19, upper mandible hooked, nostrils of
two di.stinct tubes. Family Diomedeida .

a^ Wings smaller, less than 19, nostrils united in one tube
with two barrels. Family Procellariidce.

Family DIOMBDBID^.— Albatrosses.

Genus DIOMBDBA Linn^us.

6. Diomedea nigripes, And. Black-footed Albatross.

General color uniformly dusky ; tail coverts, base of tail, and
forehead white ; bill dark brown ; feet black. Length 28-36,
wing 18.50-20, culmen 4-4.50, tarsus 3.50-3.70, mid-toe and claw
4.05-4.40. Hab. Pacific Ocean generally, south to the Line ; ac-
cidental in the Marianas. "One specimen in the Paris Mu.seum."

Family PROCBLI/ARIID^.— Petrels.

Genus PUFFINUS Brisson.

a'. Tarsus less than 1.65.

b'. Sides of neck and breast slaty, bill .90-1. Puffinus
tencbrosus.

b". Sides of neck mottled, breast and under neck white,
bill 1.50. Puffinus obscurus.

Report of a I\ fission to Guam. 23

7. Puffinus tenebrosus Pelz. Pel^eln's Shearwater.

Upper color sooty black, sides of ueck and breast slaty with
whitish margins to the feathers. Length 12, wing 7.20-7.80, tail
2.95-3.25, culmen 1-1.05, tarsus i. 40-1 .45, mid-toe and claw 1.50-
1.60. Hab. Coast of Australia.

8. Puffinus obscurus Gm. Dusky Petrel.

Probabl}' same as above. Length 12, wing 7.8, tail 3.2, bill
1.5, tarsus 1.5, mid-toe and claw 1.6 (Samoan Islands). Hab.
Tropical and sub-tropical seas.

Order STEGANOPODHS.— Totipalmated Swimmers.

a". Nostrils distinct, bill sharp-pointed without hook, chin
feathered, tail short, graduated, in the adults the two middle
feathers are greatly elongated. Famil}- Phaithontidcr.

a,-. Nostrils not distinct, head partly naked, bill stout but not
hooked, tail about half as long as wing. Famil}' Sulidir.

a^. Nostrils distinct, bill hooked at tip, lores feathered, upper
plumage black, tail forked, wing long. Family Fregatida:.

Family PHABTHONTID^.— Tropic Birds.
Genus PHABTHON Linn^us.

9. Phaethon candidus Temm. Boatswain Bird. Tropic

Bird.

General color pure white ; a black band bordering both sides
of the head, passes through the eye, and terminates in a crescent-
shaped mark at gap ; a black band on the wings. Length 30, cul-
men 1.8-2, wing 10-10.6, tail 1 7.3-21, tarsus .8-. 9. The young
are barred with black. Hab. Inter-tropical seas, except coast of
North America. "Resident on Agrigan, of the Marianas."

Family SUI/ID^.— Gannets.
Genus SITI/A Brisson.

a". Feet greenish or yellowish ; head, breast, neck and upper
]')arts brown. Sida sula.

a-. Feet always reddish, head and neck white, tinged with
buff : general color white. Sula piscator.

24 Dircflor' s Annual Rep07-t.

lo. Sula sula \^\m\. I^uau. Booby. Gannet.

PelecaiiHs si4la, I^iiiii., S. N., 1766, I., p. 218.

Sula fusca, Vieill., Gal. Ois., 1S25, II., p. 194, pi. 277; Swinh. Ibis, 1869, p. 347 (Formosa); Tris-
tram, Ibis, 1882, p. 144, Solomon I.slands.

Sula fiber, Cassin (aft. L.) U. S. Ex. Kxp. 1858, p. 363.

Stila leucogastra, Sclat. & Salv. P. Z. .S., 1873"; p. 651 ; Seebohm, B. of Jap., p. 12.

Sula Sula, Verr. & Des Murs. Rev. Mag. Zool., 1S60, p. 442 ; Ridg. Man. N. A. B.. p. 75 ; Roth.
Avif. Laj'.san, I., p. 29: Hartert. Nov. Zool., V., p. 69; Oust. II., p. 6^ ; Cat. B. Brit. Mus.,
XXVI., p. 436.

Only one specimen of the Booby was secured, although they
were not at all rare. This bird was taken July 23 and proved to
be an adult male. They were usually to be seen flying about the
cliffs near the entrance to the harbor of San L,uis de Apra. Ivength
30, spread of wing 4 ft. 10 in., wing 16, tail 7.75, tarsus 1.62, cul-
men 3.56, its depth at nostrils 1.36, mid-toe and claw 3.59. The
general upper coloring, including head, neck, and fore breast is a
fine uniform seal brown ; hind breast, belly, under tail coverts,
sides, flanks, thighs, axillaries, and under wing coverts of the sec-
ondaries, pure white ; shafts of the primaries black on the upper
surface, gray below ; bill flesh color, with grayish tint, bluish at
tip; feet and tarsus a livid light-green; iris a silvery grayish.
This specimen is much darker than the summer specimens from
Laysan Island. The posterior half of the primaries are especially
dark brown as compared with the Laysan birds, as is also the
head, neck and breast. Hab. Tropical and sub-tropical seas
throughout the world, except the Pacific coa.st of America.

II. Sula piscator Linn. Red-footed Booby.

The general plumage of this species is white ; feet always red ;
gular sac blackish ; bare skin in front of eye red ; tail white.
Total length 27-30, wing 15-16, culmen 3.50. Hab. Inter-tropical
seas, north to Florida and Lower California.

Family FRBGATID^.— Man-of-war Birds.
Genus FREGATA Cuvier.

a'. Wing more than 21.5, culmen not less than 4.15. Frcgata
aqnila, eill.

a^. Wing less than 21, culmen le.ss than 4.15. Frcgata arid,,
Gould.

13. Fregata aquila (Vieill.). Frigate Bird.

Man-of-war Bird, Edwards, Glean., i860, II., p. 209.
Pelrcanus aqiiilns, Linn., S. N., 1766, I., p. 216.

Tachypctes aquila, Vieill., N. Diet d'Hist. Nat , 1S17, XII., p. 146.

J-ye^ala aquila, d'Orb., Sagras Hist Cuba, 1839, p. 309; Rothschild, Avif. Laysan, 1893, I., p. 21;
Cat. Brit. Mus. B., XXVI., p. 443.

An adult male specimen of this bird was shot by a native
November, 1899, and brought in to Lieutenant-Governor Safford,
by whom it was identified. The skin was not saved, but the skele-
ton was presented to the Bi.shop Museum by Lieutenant Safford

Report of a Mission to CiKaiii. 25

(No. 9608). This is the first record of this species from Guam.
Hab. Tropical and sub-tropical seas.

13. Fregata ariel Gould. Australian Tropic Bird.

General color greenish black, a white patch on each flank.
Wing 19. 2-21, tail 15-17. culmen 2.8-3.3. The female is a little
larger, with breast and sides white, and a w^hite collar at the rear
of the neck. The young have the head and neck white ; a general
coloring of brown ; the middle of the abdomen and the flanks
white. Hab. Tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean.

Order ANSERES.— Lamellirostral Swimmers.

a'. Hind toe without membranous lobe or flap. Svib-family
Anatino' .

a". Hind toe with a broad membranous flap or lobe. Sub-
family Fiiligulincr .

Sub-family ANATIN^. — Fresh Water Ducks.

Genus ANAS L,inn^us.
14. Anas oustaleti Salvad. Ngang. I/adrone Duck.

Anas mistaleti, Salvad., Bui. Brit. Orn. Club, XX., p. i ; Id., Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXVII., p. 189;
Hartert, Nov. Zool., V., p. 66; Oust., II., p. 49.

This duck nests among the reedy swamps and streams of the
island, and is not uncommon all the year round. The specimens
secured were taken during the month of June. The general color
of the upper surface is dark browai, the feathers margined with
buff ; top of head dark brown wnth a slight greenish tint ; in some
specimens the crowm is slight!}' sprinkled with a few small buffy
feathers ; a pale hvAy stripe extending from base of upper man-
dible over the eye to back of head ; below this there is a dark
stripe extending from the base of the upper mandible through the
eye to the back of the head ; sides of the head, and neck, buffy
with streakings of brown ; the throat buff, not streaked ; under
parts not .so dark as the upper, the buffy tips of the feathers being
longer and wider, but not so bright ; wings a soft dark brown, the
secondaries more or less edged with buff ; .speculum blui.sh-purple,
green in some lights ; it is bordered by black, follow^ed front and
back by an indistinct white or buffy line, as in A. wyvilliana of
Hawaii ; the white markings, however, are not so prominent as in
the latter ; bill dusky above, with small black splotches ; the lower
mandible lighter (No. 9534 has bill entirely black); feet and tarsus
flesh color with a tint of pink ; eye light hazel. Length 19.50-20,

26 Dij^effor's Annual Report.

spread of wiugs 32, wing 10-10.50, tail 2.25-2.50, tarsus i. 63-1. 85,
culmeii 1. 75-1. 80, its depth at nostrils .68, mid-toe and claw 2.45-
2.50. Hab. Guam and Saipan, also probably others of the Mari-
anas. Two of the downy young were secured, the general upper
coloring of which is brown ; there is a buffy spot on each side of
the rump ; the throat, neck and general under coloring is buffy ;
a wide and distinct superciliary line of buff ; a black line from the
upper mandible through the eye ; there is a splotch of brown at the
nape and another on the sides of the head below the ear ; upper
mandible black, lower yellowish ; feet brownish.

Sub-family FUI/IGUI/IN^.— Sea Ducks.

Ge;nus FUI/IGUI/A Stephens.

15. Fuligula fuligula Linn. Tufted Duck.

General color black, abdomen white ; tail feathers normal, not
particularly stiff ; head with crest; speculum white. Wing 8, tail
2.5, culmen 1.75, tarsus 1.12. General color of young and females
brown. Hab. Palaearcftic regions from the Atlantic to the Pacific ;
winters in China, Japan and India ; accidental in Polynesia.

Order HERODIONES.-Herons, Storks, Bitterns, Etc.

a'. Bill sharp-pointed and nearly straight, inner side of middle
toe-nail pecftinate, loral space bare, powder-down tracts present.
Family Ardcida-, Herons.

b'. Tail feathers 10, bill with serrations, slightly notched.
C". Length about 21, yellowi.sh band down sides of
neck, culmen longer than tarsus. Genus Dupctor.

C-. Length about 14. tibio-tarsus feathered to heel.
Genus Ardctta.

b". Tail feathers 12 or more, bill without serrations, and
usually with a distinct notch, culmen longer than tarsus, length
about 22. Genus Demiegrctta .

Genus DUPBTOR Heine & Reichenbach.
16. Dupetor flavicollis Lath. Yellow-necked Bittern.

Aidra flaTHollis, I.ath., Ind. Orn., 1790, II., p. 701.

Ardi-a pini/ci. Kaffl., Trans. Linn. Soc, XIII., p. 326.

Ardca biliiirala, Ciiv., Mus. Paris.

Aidciralla Jiavicollis, Salva., Ucc. Born., 1S74, p. 353; Oates, Journ. Straits Branch As. Soc. B.

iggo. III., p. 231.
Dupetor JiavicoUis, Hein. &Reicheii., Nomencl. Mus. Hein., :8go (Sumatra), p. 30S ; Sharp, B.

B. O., Club, XXXI., p. 31 ; Id., Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXVI., p. 247.

Only one specimen of this large bittern was seen. This was
shot near the Agafia river June ii, 1900, and proved to l^e a full

Report of a Mission to Guam. 27

grown female (Bishop Museum No. 8986). Length 22.25, •'^prcad
of wings 28, wing 8.15, tail 2.92, tarsus 2.43, culmen 3.00, its depth
at nostrils .57, mid-toe and claw 2.86. General color of the upper
surface olive brown with a slight rufous tint, the under coloring
of feathers slate ; wings and tail slate ; sides of face and cheeks
black, mottled with rufous ; sides of neck with bands of bright
golden straw color ; chin and under throat yellowish, with a line
of dusky brown feathers extending down the center and broaden-
ing out to form the prettily variegated coloring of the under neck
and fore breast, which have a general coloring of rufous brown
with feathers edged with whitish black and buffy, giving the fore
breast a streaked appearance ; feathers of bell}" with under color-
ing of slate, but the outer half is brownish broadly edged with
yellowish, which gives to the under surface a dirt}" yellowish and
brownish appearance ; sides and rump slaty ; thighs and tibio-
tarsus rufous : bill dusky above, lighter below ; feet a dirty brown-
ish ; eyes yellowish. Hab. Philippine Islands, China, Burmah,
Java, Borneo, Celebes, Sumatra, Malay peninsula, India and
Ceylon. This is the first record of this species from Guam.

Genus ARDBTTA Gray.

17. Ardetta bryani,* spec. nov. Kakak. Bittern.

This little bittern is found in abundance along the streams and
in the reed}- marshes ; taro patches and rice paddies are also its
favorite feeding grounds. The native name of Kakak is a very
good imitation of the cr}- it makes as it fiys up when disturbed.
The coloring of this bird blends so well with its surroundings that
it takes very careful observation to see them, of which fact the birds
seem well aware and I'emain perfectly still until they are almost
stepped upon, when they fly up, calling out a loud "kaka-kakak".
Their food is chiefly insects and their larvae. Some of the speci-
mens examined had their stomachs filled wdth black crickets.
Eight specimens were secured, two adult males, two adult females,
and four immature: —

Museum Mid-toe

.Xo. Dali'. Length. Win,!;. Tail. Tarsus. Culmen. and c. Sex.

9600 .June ."> l:!..")0 5.25 l.GS 1.86 2.00 2.12 9

9601 ,]inie 7 U.l'."> 5.46 1.56 1.86 2.00 1.92 juv.cf

9602 .June 12 14.75 5.00 1.65 1.86 2.00 2.60 jliv.cf

9603 .rune 12 14.00 5..50 2.00 1.92 2.00 2.17 cf

9604 .June 11 14.00 5..50 2.00 1.92 2.00 2.17 juv. ?

9605 .Tune 11 14.00 5.12 1.80 1.88 2.00 2.25 cf

9606 .June 1:{ 14..50 .5.25 1.75 1.75 2.12 1.96 juv. ?

9607 .Jul.v :! 14.25 5.60 1.60 1.89 2.10 2.17 $

The spread of the wings from tip to tip is about 1 9 ; the depth
of the bill at nostril is .40. No. 9603 is type of species. The adult

*This is probably the Petit Heron. Quov & Gaim., Voy. Uranie, 1824, p. 35 (Guam). Also
the bird called Ardetta sinensis. Oust., Le."Nat., 1889. p. 261 (lies Mariannes); Hartert, Nov.
Z06I., v., p. 63 ; Sharp. Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXVI., p. 227.

28 DireHor's Anjiiial Report.

males have the mantle, scapulars, lesser wing coverts and tertials
a uniform reddish brown ; anterior of mantle slightly darker, with
a few feathers having dusky centers and rufous margins ; forehead
dusky with a slight mingling of rufous ; crown and occiput black,
the feathers forming a crest abovit three-quarters of an inch long ;
sides of head and neck rufous, the long frill-like feathers on the
sides of the lower neck with a slight vinous tint ; greater and
middle wing coverts a light buff ; primaries and secondaries slaty
black, their under surface grayish, lighter at tips, the outer web
of outer primary margined with buff ; axillaries and under wing
coverts pure white ; bastard primary black with huiiy outer web ;
primary coverts black ; edge of wing white ; tail feathers black,
the upper coverts grayish with a slight rufous tint, under tail
coverts buffy white ; throat, under part of neck, and pendant
feathers on under part of lower neck white with slight inter-
mingling of buff ; a buffy streak extending mesially down the chin
and throat ; sides of fore-breast with long dusky feathers having
reddish buff margins ; sides and belly white with a ver^- slight tint
of buff ; thighs a buffy white ; eyes golden yellow ; feet and tarsus
a yellowish green ; bill dusky above, light below.

The adult female has more red mixed with the black of the
crown and occiput, the lower feathers of the crest being entirely
rufous with vinous tint ; the feathers of the back with lighter
margins ; general upper surface a dark cinnamon color ; the wing
coverts are slightly darker than in the adult male, the median
streak on the chin is more pronounced, and there seems to be more
buffy coloring on the throat and under side of neck, the thighs
show more buffy. Otherwise the sexes are identical.

The immature birds are chara(5terized by the streaked appear-
ance of the crown, caused by the black feathers being margined
with red. The feathers of the mantle and rump are also a darker
reddish brown than in the adult bird ; the feathers of the wing-
coverts are brownish margined with buff, the inner webs being-
more or less gray, the outer web of the tertials showing a coloring
of vinous red ; the sides are a darker buff than in the adult and
the feathers of the under surface are colored in the centre with
reddish brown which gives the under neck, breast and bell}" a
more streaked appearance ; ej-e yellow ; bill dusk}' above, and
light below.

This species is closely allied to Ardctta sinensis (Gmel.), but
is easily distinguished by the uniform reddish brown coloring
of the upper surface, the yellowish green of the tarsus, the
rufous tint of the upper tail coverts, and the smaller size, the
shorter tarsus, and slightly longer culmen, as shown in the table
given above. Hab. Marianas. Named in honor of my esteemed
co-worker in the ornithology of Polynesia, W. A. Bryan, of the
Bishop Museum.

Report of a Mission to Gnaw. 29

Genus DEMIEGRETTA Blvtii.
18. Demiegretta sacra (Gm.). Chuchuku. Reef Heron.

Aidtit sacia. Gm.. S\st. Xat., I., p. 640: Finsch., Jour. Mus. Godef , VIII., p. 3^ ; Scl., Chal-

lenf^er Exp., II., B., p. 31 ; Tri.str., Ibis, 1882, p. 144 (Solomon Ids.).
Ardca jiigulaiis. Korst., Icon. ined. tab. 114; Hartl., J. f. O., 1853, p. 167 (Mariaiiiuv Id.s.);

Sharp, P. Z. S.. 1SS7, p. 516 (Chri.stma.s Id.).
Hr-iodiiii .i.Taiv, Gray, List. Grail. Brit. Mus., p. 80 (Aust.).
J)<'>/ii(X>f//a ffitivi. Gould. Hand. B. B. Aust., II., p. 309.
/)i>ni,xii'//a sacra. Wald., Ibis. 1S73, p. 318; Grant, P. Z. S., 188S, p. 333; Sharp, Ibis, 1S94, p.

245; Hart., Nov. Zool., V., p. 64; Cat. B. Brit. Mus.. XXVI., p. 137.

The Reef Herons are not verj- abundant on the island, and
they are extremely wild and difficult to approach. Three speci-
mens were secured, one adult male and two adult females: —

AfHseiim Mid-toe

No. Dati\ /.t'lii;///. Wing. Tail. Tarsus. Ciilnirii. and c. Sc.v.

9585 .Iniit- 10 2.").0(l n..oO 4.00 H.25 3.37 2.90 ^

9587 .June 11 • 24.0(1 11.00 3.35 3.50 3.12 2.60 ?

9588 Jul.v 14 24.00 11.00 3.68 3.0(t 3.30 2.86 ^

The spread of the wings is about 37.50, and the depth of the
bill at the nostrils is .56. Sexes colored similarly. The general
color of the adult is blackish slate ; feathers of the crest and short
back plumes tinged with gray in the fully adults ; a white streak
down the centre of throat, this streak in some specimens beginning
between the gonys and extending three inches or more down the
neck ; in others the white streak begins on a line with the anterior
of e3'e and is only about one inch in length. Specimens almost
adult have scattered feathers of a dirty buffy white among the slaty
plumage of the mantle, neck, and wing coverts ; bill dark above
and at the tip, under mandible dusky yellowish ; feet and tarsus
dusk}' 3-ellowish green with dark splotches on the front of the tar-
sus ; eye golden yellow. I/ad. Australia, Pacific islands, Burmah,
Malay peninsula, Korea, Bay of Bengal, Japan and China.

Order P.ALUDICOL.€.-Rails, Coots, Etc.

Hind toe above the level of the others, toes long and slender,
wings less than 10. Famil)' Rallidcr, Rails.
a'. Without frontal .shield.

b'. Length about 11, barred with black and white on the
under surface, wing more than 3.9. Genus Hypotccnidia .

b-. Length about 7, under surface gray, not barred, wing
3.39 or less. Genus Poliolimnws.
a". With a frontal shield.

b'. Middle toe longer than the tarsus, no webs or lobes on
the toes, wing 6.92 or less. Genus Gallinula .

b". Toes with lobes on the sides, wing 7.70- S. 30.
Genus Fnlica .

30 Direclor' s A)i)iual Report.

Genus HYPOT^NID^ RkichExNbach.

19. Hypotsenidia oustini Oustalet. Koko. Oustalet's

Rail.

Hvpii/tDiidia marchri, K. Ovistalet, Arch. Mus. Paris (3), 1896, VIII., pp. 32-34.

General color above olivaceous brown ; no white spots on
mantle or back. In No. 9540 the ends of the feathers on the back
of the neck are so worn that they give the appearance of yellowish
markings to this region ; rump brown ; greater wing coverts uniform
with the coloring of the mantle ; lesser and median wing coverts
barred with black and white ; primaries, secondaries and tail
feathers barred with black and white. This marking on the tail
feathers, however, varies considerably. In No. 9536 the tail
feathers are almost uniform ochraceous brown with but a few white
dots on the webs ; top and sides of head uniform with coloring of
the mantle ; bvit in No. 9531, however, the}- are a shade darker
than the mantle. A sharply defined superciliary stripe of ashy
gray extending from near the base of bill to the sides of nape, the
anterior part of this stripe narrow and white. With the exception
of this stripe the coloring of the sides of head and neck are uniform
with mantle. Beginning sharply on a line with the gape and ex-
tending to the shoulders is the plumbous gray of the under neck
and breast, merging into white on the chin. Two of the specimens,
Nos. 9537 and 9540, show a slight trace of rufous in this plumbous
gra}'- of the fore breast. Beginning at the fore breast and extend-
ing over the entire under surface of the bod3^ including flanks and
under tail coverts, the bird is barred with black and white, these
bars especially large and distinct on the flanks, while on the belly
they are narrow and not so marked ; bill dusky ; feet grayish with
brownish cast ; iris an Indian red. I find no diflerence in the color-
ing of the se;xes. No. 9538, a fledgling three inches in length, is
covered with a uniform sooty black down ; bill and feet dusk}' ;
eyes dark brown. This bird is closely allied, if not identical with
R. philippinas. It seems, however, to be a little larger, and with-
out the rufous coloring on the flanks. Hab. Marianas.

'11. scum

.\rid-toc

.\o.

Date.

Length.

Wiiijy.

Tail.

Taisus.

Cidnwii .

and r.

.Se.r

o.^ye

.Tune 24

11.. -)0

4.4.S

L'.Ofi

2.N4

\.-xi

1.S4

?

9537

.Iiine L'8

1:100

.5. IS

2.19

2.Sii

l.(i2

2.12

d

953U

.Inl.v 9

11.00

1.6S

1.95

1 .50

l..-)5

¥

9540

.July 15

11.50

4..50

2.00

2.00

1..50

2.10

?

Genus POI^IOLIMMAS Sharp.
20. Poliolitnmas cinereus Veill. Gray Rail.

Pi/rphyrio cinereus, Veill., Nouv. Diet., 1819, XXVIII., p. 29.
Poliulimmas cinetea, Sharp, Bui. Brit. Orn. Club, 1S93, V., p. 2S.

The natives call this bird the Koko, the same name they give
to the big Oustins Rail, and they regard it as the young of the

Report of a Mission to (i it a in. 31

latter, which is not at all the case, as the specimen I secured of
P. cine fills was a fully adult female, with eggs almost ready for
laying. These birds are ([uite rare, and the only specimen I secured
was a female which had been snared by some native boys in a sweet
potatti patch near the Agaila river. General color above olive
brown ; on top of head the middle of feathers black, with the edges
olive brown ; a slight intermingling of ash gray showing on the
sides of the crown ; back of neck olivaceous green ; feathers of
back with broad black centres and edges of light buffy brown ;
lores and a small spot at base of gonys black ; cheeks, sides of neck,
and under neck ash gray merging into white on the chin ; a narrow
white superciliary stripe which broadens to the base of the U])per
mandible ; a white stripe on the upper edge of cheek extending
from chin to ear coverts ; cheeks, ear coverts, sides of throat, fore
neck, breast, and sides of body ash gray; flanks a buffy brown ;
belly white ; under tail coverts buff ; upper tail coverts dusky ;
under wing coverts and under side of quills ash ; axillaries dusky ;
bastard wing, primary coverts, and quills a light brown ; ash
below ; first primary wnth outer web whitish ; feet yellowish with
tint of greenish ; eye carmine ; bill dusky above, lighter below,
wnth a tint of greenish yellow on the tip of both mandibles. L,ength
6.50, wing 3.60, extent of wing 11, tarsus 1.30, culmen .75, its
depth at nostrils .25, mid-toe and claw 1.83. Hab. Guam.

Genus GALI/INULA Brisson.
21. Gallinula chloropus Lath. Pulatel. Gallinule.

The Water Hen or Moor Hen, Albiii, Xat. Hist. B., 1738, II., p. 66, pi. 72.
Fiilica r///nropiis. Linn., Sy.st. Nar., 1766, I., p. 258.

GallhiuUi clilonipm. Lath'., Ind. Orn., II., p. 773; Steere, Li.st of :\Ianini. and B. I'hilip., i ^9*^,
p. 258; Hartert, Nov. Zool., V., p. 62.

This bird is abundant in the marshy grounds and taro patches
all over the island ; it is highly prized by the natives for food.
General color a bluish slate, with mantle, rump, wdng coverts and
upper tail coverts a beautiful olive brown ; scapulars like the
mantle ; primar}' and secondary quills blackish brown ; outer pri-
mary and ba,stard wing feathers externally edged with white ; tail
feathers blackish ; crown and face blackish with a slight blueish
tint, which fades into a lighter slaty blue on the neck and fore
brea.st, and extends over the entire under surface of the body; pos-
terior part of belly with a still lighter grayish tint, while in some
specimens this part is almost pure white (immaturity). A few
white feathers on the sides and flanks ; under tail coverts white,
with the feathers of the vent and the long median tail coverts black ;
frontal shield and two-thirds of the bill a deep lake red, anterior
third a bright greenish yellow ; tarsus lemon ^-ellow ; garter of rich
lake red followed by a band of lemon yellow just above the knee ;
joint of the tarsus greenish ; toes du-sk}- with a slight tint of yel-
lowish ; iris reddish. No. 9595, an immature male, has the feathers

32 DireRor's Annual Report.

of the back of a decided brownish cast ; wings and tail dusky ; top
of head and back of neck brown, more or less mixed with gray on
sides of head, face, and neck ; chin, throat, lower third of cheeks,
and the bell}' white ; the remaining under parts a mingling of white
and pale slaty blue ; shield much restricfted and dusky in color ;
iipper mandible dusk}^ ; lower mandible, and tip of upper, with a
slight shade of 3'ellowish ; legs and feet without the red coloring,
but the front scales colored a bright lemon yellow. Quite a lot of
grass and remains of inserts and larvae were found in the stomachs
of these specimens. Hab. Europe, Africa, Asia, and man}- Pacific
islands. Guam.

Musemn

Mid-toe

No.

Dale.

Length.

Wing.

Tail.

Tarsus.

Ciilmen.

and c.

.S'^.i-

959.5

.June 7

11.31

5.55

2.12

1.K6

1.18

2.75

juv.cT

9594

.Tune 5

12.25

(i.31

2.50

2.00

1.62

2.50

9

9596

June 9

11.75

(>..")0

2.77

l.SO

l..-)0

2.6.S

?

9597

June 11

12 50

(;.37

2.26

2.00

1.6S

2.75

9

959S

June 13

12.50

6.92

3.00

1 ..S6

1.6K

:!.00

?

9599

June 13

12.50

6.92

3.00

].S6

1.6S

3.00

d

The spread of the wings from tip to tip is about 18.50, and the
depth of the bill at the base is about .37.

Genus FUIylCA Lixx.-eus.

22. Fulica atra Linn. Buropean Coot.

General color slaty, bill and frontal shield whitish, edge of
wing and edge of first quill whitish. Length 16, wing 7.70-8.80,
culmen 1.70-2, tarsus 2.25-2.35, mid-toe and claw 2.85-3.15. //ad.
Europe and Asia, ranging south to the Philippines and Pacific
islands ; accidental on Guam.

Order LIMICOL.€.- Shore Birds.

a'. Tarsus transversely scutellate, culmen longer than middle
toe without claw. Family Scolopacidcc, Snipes, Sandpipers.

a-. Tarsus with small hexagonal or irregular scales in front,
bill shorter than tarsus, nasal openings reaching beyond the basal
fourth of the bill. Family C]iaradriida\ Plovers.

a^. Tarsus slightly longer than culmen, lower back and rump
white with a black band. Family ApJinzidcr, Surf Birds and Turn-
stones.

F.\MiLv SCOLOPACID^.— Snipes

a'. No hind toe. Genus Ca/idris.
a-. Hind toe present.

b'. Culmen thickened at tip, thighs naked, tarsus not so
long as mid-toe and claw. Genus (la/iinago.

Report of a Missio)i to Ciitaiii. 33

b'. Culmeu longer than mid -toe and claw, tip of bill not
decurved, under primary coverts white, toes cleft to the base.
Genus Trhiga.

b\ Culmen longer than tarsus, lower parts white, chest
streaked or spotted with dusky, tail barred with grayish or dusky.
Genus Tot an us.

b^. Wing 6.5 or more.

C'. Wing about 8, bill decidedly arched or decurved.
Genus Xiimcnius.

C". Wing about 6, tarsus equal to the hind toe and
claw, axillars grayish, no web between inner and middle toes at base,
bill grooved for at least half its length. Genus Hetcraditis.

Q=. Wing 7 or more, terminal part of bill smooth and
hard, culmen 3 or more, no white on wings. Genus Limosa.

Genus GAI,I,INAG0 Leach.

23. Gallinago megala Swinh. Snipe.

General color above blackish striped with sand)^ isabelline,
breast and abdomen white, a red subterminal band on the tail, tail
feathers 20. Length 9.5, culmen 2.3, wing 5.4, tail 2.15, tarsus
1.35. Hab. Eastern Siberia, wintering in the Philippines, Borneo
and the Moluccas ; in the Marianas during migrations.

Genus TRINGA Linn^us.

24. Tringa acuminata (Horsf.). Sharp-tailed Sandpiper.

Legs and feet pale, wings from the carpal joint more than 4.76,
the shafts of the quills for a portion of their length are white ; top
of head is rust}', with streakings and fleckings of dusk)' ; fore neck
and chest buff broadly streaked and splotched with dusky ; rest of
the lower parts white. Length 7.50-8. wing 4.90-5.50, culmen
.95-1.05, tarsus 1.10-1.25. Hab. West coa.st of America, islands
of the Pacific from Australia to Alaska ; Guam during migrations.

Genus CAIylDRIS Cuvier.

25. Calidris arenaria Linn. Sanderling.

General under color white, above light rusty (to ash gray in
winter), greater wing coverts broadly tipped with white. Length
7-8.50, wing 4.70-5, culmen .95-1, tarsus .95-1.05, mid-toe and
claw .55-. 60. Hab. Circumpolar ; breeds on all coasts of the Ar(ftic
ocean, south in winter to Malay archipelago, and Pacific islands ;
Guam during migrations.

(). p. B. p. B. M.— Vol. I., No. .-v

34 Dircclor's Animal Report.

Genus I^IMOSA Brissox.

26. I/imosa lapponica baueri (Xaum). Pacific Godwit.

General color of the hind neck and the lower parts plain cin-
namon, back and scapulars varied with blackish, whitish and
rusty ; in winter head, neck and lower parts whitish ; the head and
neck streaked, the breast and sides slightly barred with grayish
browMi. Length 14.60-16, wing 8.25-9.15, culmen 3.15-4.70, tarsus
2-2.45, mid-toe and claw i.io-i. 33 Hab. Coa.sts of western A.sia
and Alaska, south in winter to Australia ; Guam during migrations.

Genus TOTANUS Bechstein.

a'. Wing under 6, central ui)per tail coverts white. Totauus
glarcola .

a". Wing under 6, no white on rump or upper tail coverts.
Tot anus liypolcucus.

27. Totanus hypoleucus Linn. Common Sandpiper.

General color a bronzy brown, the feathers with arrow-shaped
markings of black : under parts white, with dusky streaks on the
throat. Length 8, culmen i.i, wing 4.1, tail 2, tarsus .89-. 96.
Female smaller and not quite so well marked. Hab. Europe and
Asia ; Guam during migrations.

28. Totanus glareola Temm. Wood Sandpiper.

General color above bronze brown, with light ash bronze mar-
gins to the feathers ; belly white. Length 8.5, culmen 1.15, wing
4.6, tail 1.85, tarsus i. Hab. Europe, Africa, China, Burmah,
Malay archipelago ; Guam in migrations.

Genus NUMBNIUS Brisson.

a'. Length about 15, bill less than 4, lower back and rump
mottled with bars and spots of brown. Nunioiiiis pluropus varic-
Qat?(s.

a.-. Length about 22, l)ill more than 4, tarsus more than 3.
Xninrnins cranopns.

29. Numenius phaeopus variegatus vScop. Oriental

WhimbreL

Adult bird has a pure white lower back, but the immature
birds are streaked with dusky ; the crown is a plain brown with a
pale mesial streak ; lower back much paler than the mantle.
Length 15, culmen 3, wing 8, tarsus 2.15. Hab. Asia. In migra-
tions it is common in China, Japan, Burmah, Ceylon and Pacific
islands ; Guam during migrations.

Ncf^orf of a Mission to (iuaiii. 35

30. Nuttienius cyanopus \ieill. Australian Curlew.

General color brown, much streaked and blotched; coloring of
the rump uniform with the back. Length 21-24, bill 6.8-7.2, wing
II. 9-12. 5, tail 4-4.6, tarsus 3.2-3.5. Hab. Breeds in Siberia;
winters in Australia, Borneo, Tasmania, and Malay peninsula.

Gknus HETBRACTITIS vStkjxegkk.

31. Heteractitis brevipes \'ieill. Asiatic Wandering

Tattler.

Hetciactitis birviprs, Vieill., N. Diet. d'Hist. Xat., iSi6, VI.. p. 410.

Tofauiii polyiii'sia'. Peale, Zool. U. S. Kxp. F.xped., 1S3S, B. p. 237.

To/iD/iis iiuaiiiis />ir7'i/>rs, Seeb. Geog. Uist. of Charad., p. 361.

Tolaiiiis iiirai/iis. Wilson, Aves Hawaiienses, p. i.si : Hartert, Nov. Zool.. V., p. 65; Oust.. II.,

p. 41.
IMeiactitis bicviprs. Grant, Cat. B. 15rit. Mus,, XXIV., p. 449.

Specimens of the Wandering Tattler were shot during the
months of June and July. They were ver}- scarce and wild, and
consequently hard to take. Their notes and habits seemed identi-
cal with the American form. The upper coloring of the male is a
uniform ashy gray ; the rump and tail coverts a shade lighter gray,
the latter with indications of cross markings near the tips ; pri-
mary quills dusk}', secondaries gray ; tail feathers uniform gray;,
crown brown, with whitish superciliary stripe which extends to;
and around the ba.se of the upper mandible ; lores dusky ; cheeks
grayish ; throat white. In specimen No. 9524 the sides, under
neck and breast are grayish, without cross markings of any kind ;
the belty, under tail coverts, and flanks are pure white ; sides
grayish. In No. 9525 the under neck, breast, sides, flanks and
lower belly is profusely spotted and barred with dusky gray.
Length 10-10.50, wing 6-6.20, tail 2.73-2.75, tarsus 1.16-1.17,
culmen i. 43-1. 45, mid-toe and claw 1.16. Hab. From eastern^
vSiberia and Kamchatka, through Japan and China to Malayan,
archipelago, Papuan Islands, Marianas and Australia.

Family CHARADRIID^.— Plovers.

a'. Wings less than 8, plumage without metallic tint, head
without crest. Genus Charadrius.

b'. Axillars black. Charadrius sqiiataro/a .

b". Axillars smoky gray, or ash gra 3'. Charadrius fiilvus.

b\ Axillars white, length 7. Charadrius iinniooliciis.

Ghxus charadrius Linn

32. Charadrius squatarola (Linn. ). Black-bellied Plover.

General color black, upper parts irregularly spotted witli dusky
and whitish, except on the forehead and a line which is pure white
to the sides of the breast ; in winter the lower parts are white.

36 Direclor s Annual Report.

Length 10.50-12, bill i.io, wing 7.50, tarsus 1.95, mid -toe and
claw 1. 1 5. Hab. Northern parts of the northern hemisphere, south
in winter to the Pacific islands.

33. Charadrius fulvus Gm. Dululi. Asiatic Golden Plover.

Charadiins fiil-cin. Gnielin, Svst. Nat., 17SS, I., p. 6S7 ; Seebohm, Geog. Dist. of Charad., p. 99 ;

Roth.schild, Avifauna Lav'san, I., p. 11 ; Hartert, Nov. Zool., V., 66; Ou.st. II., p. 46.
Ckamdr/its dowhu'riis/iih'Hs, RafH., Trans. Linn. Soc, XIII., p. 328 ; Ridge. Pro. U. S. Nat.

Mus., 18S0, p. 19S.
Charadrius domirihus. Sharp, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV., p. 191.

The Asiatic Golden Plover was common, both in the inland
vallej-s and along the sea shore, all during the summer months.
Man}^ of the specimens were fine adults, with organs in erotic state ;
the greater number, however, were immature birds. I was in-
formed b}' a resident sportsman that these birds arrived in great
flocks during the fall and spring months. A fine series w^as secured.
Seven specimens with plumage graduating from adult to immature,
but apparentlv full grown birds, give the following measurements :

Museum

Mid-toe

.\o.

Dale.

Length .

Wing.

Tail.

Tarsus.

Cuiiiien.

and c.

.S>.i-

9517

.June 9

9..")0

6.25

2.42

1.75

.91)

1.26

d"

951.S

.Tul.v 2

9.50

6.60

2.35

1.60

1.00

1.25

cf

95111

July 2

9..J0

6.31

2..S7

1.57

.9S

1.21

d"

9520

July 2

9.p()

6.11

2.31

1.59

.95

1.27

cf

9521

July 2

9.40

6.85

2.31

1.70

.95

1.27

d

9522

July 2

9.50

6.27

2.35

1.63

.95

1.25

d

952S

July 15

10.25

6.:«

2.56

1.75

.92

1.26

<S

General color above (adult males) mottled with black, golden
buff and whitish ; primaries and secondaries dusky, the shafts of
the primaries brown followed b}^ white near the end and tipped
with dusk}' ; a frontal band and a distinct eyebrow of w^hite, this
white line extending down the sides of the neck to the white on the
sides of the body ; general under color black, with a few feathers
showing buffy or white ; axillaries smok}- brown ; bill and feet
dark; tarsus a dusky gray ; eye dark brown. Hab. (Seebohm)
"Breeds on the tundras of eastern Siberia, from the valley of the
Yenisei to the Pacific. It passes through Japan, South Siberia,
and Mongolia on migrations, and winters in India, Burmah, China,
islands of the Mala}- archipelago, Au.stralia, and the islands of the
Pacific, east to New Zealand, west to Heligoland."

34. Charadrius mongolicus Pall. Mongolian Sand

Dotterel.

Charadrius mongolicus, Palla.s, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat., 1826, II., p. 136; Seebohm, Geog. Dist. of

charad., p. 147 ; Hartert, Nov. Zool., V,, p, 66; Ou.st., II., p. 48.
..-Egiatitis mongolicus (Pall.). Swinhoe, Ibis, 1S70, p. 360.
Ochthodromns mongolus, Sharp, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XXIV., p. 223 ; Hall, Key to B. Aust., 1S99,

p. 82.

This bird w^as ver}^ scarce on Guam during the months of my
stay (Ma)' and August). Only one specimen was seen, which
proved to be an adult female. No. 9526. The general color above

Report of a I\ fission to Ciiiam . 37

is a worn light brown with a slight trace of olive green ; there is
but a slight trace of the rufous color on the fore breast ; under
parts white ; lores dusky ; tarsus dark grayish ; bill dark ; eye
dark hazel. Length 7, spread of wings 15, wing 5.06, tail 2.C0,
tarsus 1.25, mid-toe and claw .95, culnien .63, the terminal vault .33.
Hab. (Seeb.) "The Mongolian vSand Plover breeds in Asia from
eastern Turkestan to the valley of the Anioor, and winters on the
coasts from the mouth of the Red Sea to the islands of the Malay
archipelago and Australia. Guam.

Family APHRI^ID^.— Surf Birds and Turn-
stones.

Genus ARENARIA Brisson.

35. Arenaria interpres (Linn.). Black Turnstone.

General color dusky, upper parts varied with rufous or white,
throat white, head chiefly white, chest black. Length 9-9.90,
wing 6, culmen .80-. 90. Hab. Cosmopolitan, Pacific islands in
winter: accidental on Guam.

Order GALLIN.4:— Gallinaceous Birds.

a'. Hind toe elevated, nostrils never hidden by feathers, tarsi
partially or entirely naked. Family Phasianidcr.

b'. Tail feathers 8, tarsi without spurs. Genus Excal-
facioria .

b". Tail feathers 14-16, a comb and spurs present. Genus
Ga///(s.

a'. Hind toe on a level with the others, oil glands nude, upper
tail coverts not reaching to the end of the tail feathers. Famil}-
Mcgapodiidcc .

C'. No white on the basal part of the primaries, head
French gra}'. Genus Megapodiiis.

Genus BXCAI^FACTORIA Bonaparte.

36. Bxcalfactoria sinensis (Gm.). Bing-bing. Pigmy

Quail.

These little birds were introduced from Manila in 1894 by
Captain Pedro Duarty, of the Spanish Army, and .are now very

-^8 Dircclors Aim /ml Report.

generally distributed over the island. Their favorite feeding
grounds' seem to be the dry rice paddies and the grassy places on
the hill sides. Two specimens, a male and a female, and one set
of seven eggs were secured. The size of this little quail is as fol-
lows : Totlt length 5, wing 2.75, tail i.oo, tarsus .80. culmen .43,
mid-toe and claw .78. The eggs (Fig. i, ^.) are of an enormous
size for so small a bird, measuring i X .80 ; they are shaped like the

BERNICF ^ ' "■ ^""OP r^USEUM.

i ' I

5 6

v^m

t^

FIG. I.
(7. Kxcalfactoria sinensis (Gni.). /'. Aplonis kittlitzi, F. P. H.

eggs of the common quail of the eastern United States, and are of
a brownish color deeply sprinkled over the entire surface b)' fine
deeper brown dots. Hab. Philippines, Palawan, Borneo, Java,
Sumatra, Australia and Guam.

Genus GAI,I,US Linn.
37. Gallus bankiva (Temm.). Jungle Fowl.

General under color black glossed wnth green ; mantle orange ;
scapulars, median wing coverts and lower back a dark maroon red ;
■comb emarginate ; a wattle on each side of the throat. Length 29,
wing 9.5, tail 14, tarsus 3.1. Hab. Marianas, Philippines, Palawan,
Celebes Lslands ; also in India, China, vSiam, Java, and Malay
peninsula.

Kcj'^oii of a Mission to (iiiain. 39

CxKxrs MEGAPODIUS Qi-ov ^\: (^aimard.

38. Megapodius laperousi Ouoy ^: (raim. Megapode.

Head French g'ra>", mantle and under parts grayish l)lack
shading into a dark olive brown on the wings, bill and legs yellow,
naked skin on head red. Length 9.5, wing 7, tail 2.3, tarsus 2.
Hub. Marianas and Pelew Islands.

Order COLIMIIH-Piireons.

a'. Tarsus feathered for more than half its length, general color
green, wings less than 5.19. F'amily Trcroiiidcc, Fruit Pigeons.

b'. Forehead and a spot at the base of the lower mandible
purple-red. Genus Ptiliiiopiis.

a-. Tarsus not feathered more than half its length, wing more
than 5.19, general color brown or gray. Family Pcristcrida\
Ground Pigeons.

C'. General color brown or olive bronze, length of tail
4 or less. Genus Phlogiviias.

Or . General color gray, length of the tail more than 5.

Genus Turtttr.

Genus PTII^INOPUS Elliot.

39. Ptilinopus roseicapillus (Less.). Totot. Rose-
crowned Fruit Pigeon.

Coluiiibu I iiicicapilia. Less.. Tr. d'Orn., iS^i, p. 472.

Colntiiba pnrpnratu Kittl. (nee. Gm.), Kiipfertaf, 1833, Haft. III., p. 25, t. XXXIII., f. 2.

Ftiloftits losricapillns. Ost., Le Natural, iSSg, p. 261; Wiglesw., Ibis, 1SS9, p. 5S4 ; Id. Aves

I'olvnes., 1891, p. 4S.
PfiliiKi'pKS rosricapilli'i. Hartert, Nov. Zool.. 1S98, V., p. 60; Salvadori, Cat. B. Urit. Mus., XII..

p. loSi.

The Totot, as the natives call this beautifully colored fruit
pigeon, is common on the island, and its loud peculiar notes can
be heard at almost an}' time of day from the tall trees along the
roadside or in the forest, beginning in a low tone and slow,
gradually increasing in volume and rapidity-, and then dying away
again, like tot — tot—-tot--tot-tot-tot-tot-tot—tot—-tot — tot, and like
most of the birds probably gets its nati^'e name from the sound it
makes. In making this sound they bend the head down so that
the bill touches the lower breast, and the top of the neck has the
appearance of being puffed up. One kept in a cage .some time fre-

40

Dircclors Ainuial Report.

Report of a Mission to Citiam. 41

queiitly made this sound at night. These l)irds are much hunted
by the natives for food, and one would think that they would be
very easily seen because of their bright coloring. Such, however,
is not the case, for when among the green leaves of the breadfruit
trees, which seem to be their favorite haunts, their coloring har-
monizes so well with the leaves that they are ver}' difficult to see.
Their food consists of wild berries and fruits, all the stomachs con-
taining seeds of the Linovia trifoliata. The general color above is
a bright green ; crown, forehead, and spot at the base of the lower
mandible purple-red, margined behind with 3-ellowish ; primaries
and secondaries green with a glossy reflection, the inner webs
purplish, the secondaries margined with a slight line of yellowish ;
wing coverts green, the greater coverts margined with yellowish ;
scapulars purplish, margined with yellowish green ; chin and
throat a yellowish white ; sides of head and neck grayish green ;
breast greenish, with the feathers tipped with pearly gray ; a bright
purple patch on the middle of lower breast, surrounded by a zone
of greenish and orange ; bell}' orange, greenish along the sides ;
vent and tip of feathers on thigh j^ellowish ; under tail coverts yel-
lowish orange ; upper tail feathers green, wnth a broad yellowish
gray distal band margined narrowly with yellow ; under coloring
of wings and tail gray, the tail feathers showing white markings
on the inner webs near the end ; under wing coverts gra}' with a
slight mingling of green ; bill a pea green ; feet and tarsus a dark
gray with a tint of purplish ; iris gold yellow. I find no difference
in the coloring of the sexes. Six .specimens selected at random
give the following measurements: —

Museum

Mid-toe

No.

Date.

Length .

Wing.

Tail.

Tarsus.

Culmeti.

and c.

Sex.

948S

May 29

9.00

.-).00

2.94

1.00

..55

1.19

d

94S9

.Tune 1

9.00

.■).14

:i.00

.96

.m

1.14

?

9495

.hil.v 11

9.O.")

4.92

H.OO

1.03

.50

1.06

d"

9496

.Tiilv 11

9.00

4.90

:!.00

1.00

.50

1.15

d

9497

.July 20

.S.9.")

.5.00

.•{.00

1.03

.50

1.16

9

949s

.Inly 20

4.00

2.90

1.00

.T.")

.57

1.16

fledg-l.

The spread of the wdngs from tip to tip is about 15.25, and the
depth of the bill at the nostrils is about .17. The immature, No.
9498, has no red on the head or crown ; general upper coloring
green with the feathers edged with yellowish ; no dark spot on the
breast ; feathers of the belly yellowish ; bill grayish ; feet fle.sh color
with a tint of pink ; eye light hazel.

Two nests, each containing one egg, were found. These
were crude flat .strucflures, construdled of twigs about the size of
a knitting needle, very loosely put together and placed on the top
of a small branch of the Triphasia aiirantiola, eight or ten feet
from the ground, and how the egg is kept from rolling out when
the wind blows is more than I can understand. (See Fig. 2.) The
eggs are pure white and look like the eggs of the domestic pigeon.
Their size was i .31 X .85 and i .12X .80. Hab. Guam, Saipan, Rota.

,2 Dircclor s Annual Report.

This bird is somewhat similar to P. ponapcnsis, from Pouape,
but the latter has more lilac on the crown and no red at the base of
the lower mandible ; it is also lighter gray on the neck, and the
band on the tail is yellowish in Ponape specimens.

Genus PHI/OGOENAS Reichenbach.

40. Phlogoenas xanthonura (Temm). Poloman kanau.
White-headed Pigeon.

Cvluinba pumpnsaii. Ouov 6t Gaim., Voy. Uraii. Zool., 1S24, p. 121, pi. 30.

Coliuiiba XiUitliiDiura. Teniin., PI. Col. 190 (liv. 32, 1S23).

Peiiitera iTvlliroptcrci (part), Cass., U. S. Exp. Ex. Birds, 1853, p. 277.

Phli'fcoenas'panipusa)i . Cat. Brit. Mus., 1893, XX., p. 602; Wiglesw., Aves. Polynes., p. 53.

Plilegooias xauthovHia, Hartert, Nov. Zool., 189S, V., p. 60.

These pigeons are common all over the island. Sixteen speci-
mens were secured, — 6 adult males, i immature male, 8 females,
and I fledgling. The adult males have the forehead, cheeks,
superciliary region, throat and brea.st pure white ; crown, back of
neck and ear coverts a ru.sty rufous. In fully adult breeding birds
there is a slight wash of buff on the nape, as in No. 951 1 ; remain-
der of upper parts olive bronze ; anterior part of mantle and the
wing coverts with a rich lUvStre of purple-violet ; primaries brown ;
quills dark ; mid-tail feathers brown, the lateral one grayish black
with a broad sub-terminal band of black ; belly and under tail
coverts brown, with some of the feathers slightly tipped with rufous ;
feet brown, wdth a slight pinkish tint ; bill dark ; eye dark hazel.
The adult female (type of Coliunba pampiisan) has no white color-
ing at all, the entire body being a uniform rufous brown with a
distinct olive lustre on the back ; forehead, crown and nape cin-
namon ; feathers of wing coverts and belly edged with rufous ; tail
rufous, with a broad sub-apical black band which is not so dis-
tinct on the two central feathers ; feet brown ; eye dark hazel ; bill
a brownish flesh color. The immature males have a number of
dirty white feathers appearing on the breast and throat ; sides, top
of head and neck deep brown, with an intermingling of a few
rufous feathers ; the lesser and middle wing coverts with the splen-
did purple- violet coloring of the adult male. No. 9505 ; the feathers
of the middle wing coverts are tipped with rufous ; bill dusky,
with a slight greenish cast ; feet brown, with a pinkish tint ; eyes
dark hazel.

These pigeons seem to prefer the deep jungle, from whence
their deep low moan, like the sound of a man dying in great dis-
tress, comes with a wierd uncanny effect, heightened bv the gloom
and darkness of the unknown forest. This sound, which always
seems to come from a long distance, is very misleading, and one is
considerably surprised to find he is perhaps within a few feet of the
bird. Their food consists chiefly of the fruit of the lyemonceti
{Triphasia ati7'antiola) and a small berry, called by the natives

Report of a Missio)i to (i/(aiii. 43

Tintan-china, one of the Ink-berries, a species of Privet. Both
of these are found in abundance all over the island. vSix typical
specimens give the following measurements: —

A/iii,inii

Mnl-/o,-

.\i>.

7^,ih:

J.rii,Kili.

irni,-:.

■/'ail.

7'cirs/is.

( ii/iiirii .

amir. .SVm

!t50H

.luiic 4

11.110

(>.00

4.00

1 .•-'.">

.".'>

1.«-' d

;)50.-)

.luiie 11

KI.Md

:■>.■);")

■>.7.">

1 .:i(>

.IIS

1..5U juv.cf

!)50«;

Jiliio 1:!

11.1)0

:").!».')

:!.so

l..">0

.7.")

1.2.-. V

Sola

.luiic l:!

10.0.")

r>.(i2

.■'..'.Mi

1 .2."i

.71

1.23 r<

!I50S

.Tune 1:!

!».".")

.■).:«)

:!..")0

1 .4:!

.li:.'

1.2.-. in v.?

ICIO

.Turn' 1.")

'.t.7.">

.-i.T.l

:',..")0

1 .iTi

.ti.")

1.:;7 V

It will be seen by this that the female is slightly smaller than
the male. Hab. Marianas.

Genus TURTUR Selby.

41. Turtur dussumieri (Temm.). Paloman halum-tano.

Pigeon.

Oiliiniha dusiinii/t'ii. Temin., PI. Col. iSS (liv. 32, 1^23), Manila.
Ciilombe i/iissuiiiit'i; Quoy & Gaiiii., Voy. Uran. Zool., 1S24, I., p. 35.

Turtxiv diisiumifii. Salvadori, Cat. Brit. Mus. B., XXI.. p. 423: Wiglcsw.. Aves Pol., p. 34;
Hartert, Nov. Zool., V., p. 60.

These birds were probably introduced at an earl)- date from
Manila, and they are now (June, 1900) the most abundant Cohunbcr
on the island. They are esteemed b^' the natives as an article
of food, and are consequently hunted a great deal. Hab. N. E.
Borneo, Philippines, Marianas. Three specimens were secured, —
one male and two females. Their measurements were as follows:

Mid-toe

ihiicii. and c. Sex.

.70 1.4.S cf

.70 1..S7 ?

.K\-l 1.80 cf

Order RAPTOKES.- Birds of Prey.

a' . Without facial disk of radiating feathers, toes not feathered,
plumage compact. Family Falcouido'.

a-. With a facial disk of radiating feathers surrounding the
eye, toes feathered, cere more or less hidden by bristles, plumage
soft and fluffy. Family Bubonidcc .

Family FALCONID.i^.— Hawks, Falcons, Etc.

a'. Culmen greater than half the length of the middle toe
without claw. Genus Astiir.

a.-. Culmen measured from margin of cere le.ss than half the
length of the middle toe without claw. Genus Accipiter.

Miisni III

No.

Dale.

Length .

Wing.

Tail.

Tl

Mill

9499

June .s

12.00

6. HO

.->.(;o

]

1.00

9.500

.lune .s

11.2.-.

fi.OO

(i.OO

]

1.00

9.".01

.Jnne 14

12.00

().:w

.-..12

]

1.00

44 Dircclor s Annual Report.

Genus ASTUR Lacep.

42. Astur sharpi Oust. Sharp's Hawk.

One specimen of this species was brought back by the Astro-
labe expedition, but it may not have been from the Marianas. I
made special efforts to find this hawk, but without success. It prob-
ably is not found on Guam. Hab. Marianas(?).

Genus ACCIPITBR Brisson.

43. Accipiter nisoides Blyth. Variegated Hawk.

One specimen of this species was taken on Guam by Mr. Ous-
ton's Japanese colle(ftors. No rufous collar, ear coverts gra}', no
white spot on the central tail feathers, breast rufous. Length 1 1 ,
culmen .75, wing 6.6, tail 5.1, tarsus 1.9. Female is slightly larger.
Hab. Eastern Asia, Indo-Malayan sub-region, Northern China,
Papuan Islands ; incidentally on Guam.

Family BUBONID^.— Horned Owls.

Wings more than 10, cere equal to the chord of the culmen,
ear openings very large. Genus Asio.

Genus ASIO Brisson.

44. Asio accipitrinus (Pall.). Short-eared Owl.

It is very doubtful if there has ever been an owl taken on the
Marianas. It is not found on Guam. (See Nov. ZooL, V., p. 51.)

Order COCCYGES.— Kingfishers, Etc.

a'. Bill with rounded or slightly flattened culmen, third toe
united with the fourth for more than half its length, the second
united to the third for its basal third, bill not .serrated, caeca none.
Family Alccdinidcr.

b'. Tail longer than bill, with a more or less distinct
groove along the sides of the culmen, bill compressed. Genus
Halcyon .

C'. Head white, flanks pure white, a band of green
behind the eye and around nape. Halcyon albicilla.

C-. Head cinnamon, the colorings of the under surface
also cinnamon, except in the female, which has white on the under
parts. Halcyon cinnamominus.

Report of a Mission to (iiiam. 45

Genus HALCYON Swains.

45. Halcyon albicilla Dumont.

General color above a bright blue ; under surface, whole of
head and neck white ; from behind the eye above the ear coverts
runs a streak of blue. Length 11, culmen 2.3, wing 4.9, tail 3.1,
tarsus .07. Female similar in color. Hab. New Guinea, vSolomon
Islands, Louisiades, Saipan ; not on Guam.

46. Halcyon cinnamominus vSwains. Sehig.

Dacelo nificeps, Cuv., Gal. du Mus., Less. d'Orn., 1831, p. 247.

Alcedo nijiceps, Cuv., Pucher, kev. & Mag. Zool., 1853, p. 387. (Mariana.s ; gli'idi china »:i,})iniu

Swains.)
Halcyon cinnamomiiius, Kitisch., Jour. Mus. Godff., 1S76, XII., p. 20; Sharp, Brit. Mus. Cat. B.,

XVII., p. 259.
Halcyjn rnfigularis. Sharp, Brit. Mus. Cat., XVII., p. 260.

These birds are very common near the native ranch houses
and the villages. Thej^ are especially noticeable becau.se of the
loud and disagreeable noise which they are constantly making,
both night and da}'. Thej- are especially abundant near the city of
Agaiia, and their noisy kaa-kaa-kaa-kaa frequenth' aroused me
from sleep at the unconventional hours of two and three o'clock in
the morning. I was informed that Governor L,eary was so ex-
asperated by these disturbers of the night that he ordered a squad
of native soldiers out to kill off all near the palace, but judging
from the noise still to be heard the attempt was not an entire suc-
cess. The birds make this noise ju-st as they fly up, seeming
to think it an essential part of the proceedings. Even if the dis-
tance to fly is only two feet it must be proclaimed by this jangling
kaa-kaa, w^hich is almost as unpleasant a sound as the braying of
an a.ss. Sehig, as the natives call this bird, has a bad reputation
as a chicken thief. I rather doubted his ability' in this line until
one da}' I acftualh' saw him attack a brood of small chicks quite
near me, and he would have undoubtedly secured one had not the
mother hen rushed to the rescue. The chief food of this species
seems to be, however, lizards and grasshoppers. I have seen them
catch a lizard and then, fl3'ing into a tree, by a dexterous shake of
their big bill hammer the victim against the limb of the tree until
its life was extinct, after which they would proceed very leisurely
to devour it, and then go to sleep. After eating, these birds are
very loath to fly, and will allow one to approach within a step or
two of them. The breadfruit tree is their favorite resting place.
Six specimens were secured, three adult males and three adult
females. The adult males have the mantle greenish blue ; rump
and upper tail coverts a slight degree lighter than the mantle ;
wings bluer than mantle, the quills blackish, more or less blue on
the outer webs, the first primary with only a faint trace of bluish ;

46 DircHor' s Annual Rcpori .

tail feathers blue ; head, hind neck and entire tinder surface of
bod}- a uniform cinnamon ; ear coverts are long tufts of dusky
feathers with a tint of greenish blue ; a dusky band extending from
ear coverts entirely around the back of the head, forming a nuchal
band ; eye dark hazel ; bill a dark horn, except posterior third of
lower mandible which is light. The adult female (type of Halcyon
rufi^iilaris. Sharp) is similarly colored, but has only the throat,
head, chest and thighs, cinnamon ; the breast, belly, sides of body,
under wing coverts and under tail coverts white. In some speci-
mens there is a slight mixture of cinnamon on the upper tail coverts,
and also a faint buffy tint on the sides. The cinnamon color of the
females is not quite so bright as on the males. The measurements
of the specimens taken were as follows: —

Afiisr2i»i

M id -toe

A'o.

Pal.

L,-ngt/i .

Wmg.

Tail.

Tarsn^.

Cidnifii .

iuidc.

Sex

'.m5

M a.v

:iO

it. 00

4.:!0

:!.00

.75

1.07

1.00

d

!l.54(;

May

:!U

10.00

4.00

■a:i\

.75

1.07

1.00

d

;i.-.47

Mnv

30

9.75

.■).00

■IMW

.07

1.."lS

1.70

d

'.t.-|4.s

Mav

.■!(l

10.00

r..i.s

.'i.L'.")

.00

l.M

l.HO

9

'.li-,4!l

May

:{0

10.."iO

4.00

:!.L's

.0:.'

l.()7

1.60

2

'.l.-..",(J

.llllic

4

10.00

4.00

:!.oo

.07

1 . .")7

1.00

9

The extent of the wing is about 14.50 ; the depth of the bill at
the no.strils is about .57. //ad. I.sland of Guam.

Order MACK0CHIR1:S.-Swifts, Goatsuckers, Etc.

a'. Tarsi and toes naked, tail slightly forked, color dusky.
Family Cypsdidcc .

b". vShafts of the rec5lrices ordinary and without spinous
points. Genus Collocalia , Gray.

47. Collocalia fuciphaga (Thunb.). Jajaguag. Swift.

HniDidd Tciiiii-oivi/iis, yuoy & Gaiin., Voy. A.strolabe, Zool.. 1S30, I., p. 206.

Collocalia funphaira. Cat. B. Brit. M\i.s.,' XVI., p. 499; Ou.st.,' I., p. 187; Hartt-rt, Nov. Zool.

v., p. .53.

The.se birds are quite common, especially over the grassy hills,
where they could be coiLstantly seen hawking about for insedls.
I never have seen them alight. Many caves on the island were
searched in the hope of finding the nests and eggs, but I was un-
successful, although the birds doubtless ne.st on the island in large
numbers. The upper surface is a sooty brown with a slight glo.ss ;
the head is uniform with the coloring of the mantle, with a little
deeper gloss ; the wings and tail are darker ; the under surface is

Rtpoit of a Mission fo (iiiaiii. ^7

brownish gray ; there is a small spot of grayish in front of the eye ;
bill and feet dusky ; eyes dark hazel. The four specimens secured
measured as follows: —

Mi,.s.i,

;//

Ml, !-/«,■

.\,K

Dalr.

/.,

niMt/i

ll'iiiK-

Tail.

r.

Ill s Hi.

Ciihiiiii.

and r.

.Vm-

!t52!)

.June 1

4.17

4. is

•-'.Oil

.4:!

.17

.:ll

-r

!tr):HI

.hi no (i

4.00

4.1'.->

I'.Od

.:!l

.17

.-S

9

Slf):!!

.liilv 10

l.lL'

4.:!(;

L'.OO

.41'

.IS

iinri'J

.Inly 17

1,(1(1

4.:i:!

L'.Oil

.41'

.IS

The spread of the wing is about lo, and the depth of the bill
at nostrils is .06. Hab. The islands of the Malay Archipelago,
north to the Philippines, Western Himalayas to the Nilgherries,
Ceylon and the Seychelles in the west, islands of Santa Cruz and
Duke of York, vSumatra, Borneo and Marianas.

Order P.ASSERES.-Perchina Birds.

a'. Bill broadened, fiat, with reclal bristles at ba.se. Family
Mtiscicapidcc , Fly-catchers .

b'. Tail longer than wings. Genus Rhipidura .
b'. Wings longer than tail, bill equal to hind toe without
claw. Genus Myiagra.

a'. Bill like that of a thrush, wings rounded and short — not
more than 3.30, general color an olive brown. Family Timeliidce,
Babbling Thrushes.

C'. Tail of 12 feathers, the outside one le.ss than .25
shorter than the longest, a minute bastard primarw Genus Acro-
irphalus.

a\ Bill moderate, or very slightly hooked at tip.

d". Nasal feathers erect or inclined backward,
bill conical and elongate, hind claw stronger than claw of middle
toe. Family Sturiiidcc, Starlings.

e'. Color black, length about 9.50, immature
streaked with yellowish. Genus Aplonis.

d". Nasal feathers directed forward, bill .strong
and curved, wing more than 4. Family Corvidcr, Crows.

e-. Black, length about 15. Genus Corviis.
d^. Nasal openings in long soft grooves, tongue
brush tipped. Family Meliphagido', Honey-eaters.

e\ General color red. Q,&\\\\.'A MyzoDula .
e^. General color yellow.

f '. Eye with white ring. Genus Zosiorops.
f-. Eye without ring. Genus ClcpfoDiis _

^8 DireHof s Annual Report.

Genus RHIPIDURA Vigors & Horsford.

a'. "Bases of all the tail feathers, rump and upper tail coverts
rufous, length 4.94." Rhipidura saipanensis.

a^ Bases of the tail feathers, rump and upper tail coverts a
bright rufous, length 5.50-6.25. Rhipidura uranicc.

48. Rhipidura saipanensis Hart.

Mr. Hartert, in Nov. Zool., 1898, V., p. 54, describes the
Rhipidura from the island of Saipan as a new species. I have no
specimens from Saipan, but in description they are charadterized
as having the base of recftrices rufous ; rump and upper tail coverts
rufous ; sides of abdomen rufous; ear coverts, line under eye, and
lores black ; all of which is most certainly true of the R. uranice,
which I now have before me. These were taken on the island
of Guam during the months of June, July and August, 1900.
The measurement of R. saipane7isis is given as (male): "Length
151mm., wing 69mm., tail 80mm., bill 8mm., tarsus 19mm.
Hab. Island of vSaipan, Marianas."

49. Rhipidura uranise Oust. Chirita. Fan-tailed Fly-
catcher.

Rhipidura uianicr, Oustalet, Bui. Soc. Philoin de Paris, V., p. 75 : Wiglesw., Aves Polynes.,
1891, p. 20.

This is one of the most interesting little birds on the island,
and they were so abundant that it was quite unusual to walk half
a mile along the road without seeing at least a pair of them, or
hearing their sweet little song which consists of about six low
musical notes. It also makes a peculiar charring sound to warn
people away from its nest. The following account was written in
the field as I watched the bird and is copied from my field notes
of June 28 :

"vSeated in the brush waiting to hear the warble of Ga-kalison,
'The Dweller among the Reeds' {A. lucinia)^ I have a good oppor-
tunity to watch and compare the notes and habits of the two Guam
fiy-catchers, R. tiranice and M. freycineti, which are now feeding
within six feet of me. Ur-anicE is extremely adtive, and as com-
pared to it the movements of Firycineti are very slow and clums}'.
I'ranicc has the most astonishing way of whirling around and
alighting just the other end on from what one expects. In this
instance it was as polite as a Spaniard, and always faced towards
me, spreading its beautiful fan-like tail and making a low chirping
note. Not so the Freycincti , who looked me over critically, elevated
his head crest, and giving his tail an odd little twerk, proceeded to
hop deliberately up the limb like a sap-sucker, bus}- at work look-

Report of a Mission to (iitaiii. 49

int;- tor breakfast. However, I saw him catch a few inse(5ls 011 the
wiiii;-, his wide curious looking bill closing with a loud snap.
I'rauiir caught most of his breakfast on the wing, darting about
the ])u.shes in a way that made me suspect he was showing off, and
putting the more clumsv Freycincti in as bad a light as possible.
I was not fooled, however, for with such a fine rudder as his tail
makes it is but natural that he should be able to change his course
rapidly. Sometimes he .seemed to whirl about merely for the fun
of whirling."

Three adult males, three adult females, a young bird about
readv to flv, and a nest were taken. The adults mea.sured as follows:

M lis,- mil

Mid-toe

\,>.

l\itc.

Lenath .

/r/;/s,'.

Tail.

Tars/ts.

C/i/ii/rii.

and c.

Se.x

1147(1

.\Iav :!0

%:lh

:.'.(>s

:i.si

.NT

.4:1

..")0

d

!t471

May 30

(i.OO

L'.Sl

3.00

..s:!

.4:1

. ■">•>

d

•.)4-2

.Tune 1

X^M

:3..")0

2.75

..su

.41

..511

?

!I47:^

.Tune «

.'i.HO

•.'.»;■-'

2..S2

.84

.41'

.50

d

9474

•Tnl.v (!

5..50

L'.(!5

2.75

.80

.8>.l

.5(i

f»47.")

.Tuly il

5.50

•i..m

2.75

.SO

.45

..">()

?

The spread of the wings is about 7.75, the depth of the bill at
no.strils is about .12. The adult birds on the upper surface are an
ochraceous brown, becoming a bright rufous on the rump ; upper
tail coverts and bases of redlrices are a bright rufous ; the tail
feathers, which are exceptional!}' wide and long for such a small
bird, are a shining du.sky brown, almost black ; primaries and
secondaries are a soft brown, slightly darker than the mantle — the
outer webs are slightly fringed with red ; under surface of wing a
lighter brown. No. 9472 has the greater and middle wing coverts
tipped with rufous, thus forming two rufous bands on the wings ;
but in the other specimens these bands are very indistinct, or en-
tirely worn off ; forehead a bright rufous, slightly dusky around
base of upper mandible ; the bright rufous of the forehead merging
into the ochraceous brown on the crown ; the feathers of the crown
with dusky centres. In my series the females do not .show the
dusky centres to these crown feathers, although the bases of the
feathers are dusk}- as in the male. I doubt, however, if this differ-
ence would hold good in a large series, and apart from this slight
point I find the sexes identical. Throat and under neck black, the
feathers assuming white tips on the breast ; hind brea,st and belly
white, with rufous tint ; sides, flanks, thighs and under tail coverts
rufous ; chin grayish white, with a whitish irregular line extend-
ing from the base of the gonys down the sides of the throat ; other-
wise, cheeks, lores and ear coverts dusky ; eye dark hazel ; feet
dark brown ; bill dusky, except on the gonys, which are grayish.
The nestliTig secured has the upper surface thickly covered with
filmy feathers of a soft rufous brown ; under parts grayish with
rufous tint. Hab. Island of Guam.

The ne.st is very interesting, neatly and very compactly woven
in and out with fine vegetable fibre ; the outside is covered with

O. p. B. p. B. M.— Vol. I., No. ?,.

50

Dircclor s Annual RcpOTt .

a fine padding of material resembling the paper fibre made by
wasps. The nest has a very curious projection of fibres extend-
ing from the bottom. This pretty little structure is usually built
in'^the Mapuna tree, where a number of branches converge some
ten or twenty feet from the ground. Inside the nest measures
1. 53X1.50, while its depth is .85 ; outside it measures i. 83X1.85,
with a depth of 2.50. ( Fig. 3. )

FIG.

KHII'IDURA URANIA, OU.ST.

Genus MYIAGRA \'ig()RS <S: Horsfield.

50. Myiagra freycineti Oust. Chigunguan. De Frey-
cinet's Fly-catcher.

Mxiiiiiia ft eye i net i. Oust.. lUil. Soc. I'hilom., iS8i (7), V., p. 73; Id.. Naturaliste, 1889. p. 260;
Wigle.sw.. Aves Polvnts.. ]j. 24 ; Harttrt. On the Bird.s of the Mariana I.slaiids, Nov. Zool.,
v., p. 54.

The little De Freycinet's Fly-catcher is connnon in all parts of
the island. Upon first hearing the notes of this bird I thought
surelv a Bush-tit, l>y some strange accident, had arrived on the

Report of a Mission to (.in a in. 51

island, the clear- whistled call of Peter-Peter-Peter seemed so un-
mistakable. Sometimes he varies this call by whistling three
Here- Here- Here, followed l)y the first call. They have a habit of
erecting the beautiful metallic-blue feathers of the head as a crest
when they are alarmed. The general color above is a blue-purple,
with a bluish sheen, head with a deeper, more metallic reflection of
bluish, this color extending over cheeks, ear coverts, nape and
sides of neck, meeting the white under coloring of the chin and
throat in a sharp line from gape to shoulders ; a slight tint of buffy
on the lower throat and fore breast ; remainder of under parts
white ; primaries, secondaries, and tail feathers gra>', with a bluish
tint, lighter below ; upper wing coverts and upper tail coverts
uniform with coloring of the mantle ; all the tail feathers minutely
tipped with white (this marking is worn off in some of the speci-
mens before me); bill dark blue; feet and tarsus dark, with a
bluish cast ; eyes dark hazel ; thighs bluish gray ; flanks and sides
of body bluish gra}', with the feathers tipped with white. So far
as shown by my series of ten specimens the adult males and females
are exac?th' alike, with a possible exception of a little more of the
rufous coloring on the throat and fore breast of the female. In
No. 9484, an adult male, this coloring is confined to a faint trace of
buffy on the lower throat and fore breast, while in No. 9486, a breed-
ing female, the coloring of the fore breast and throat is a bright
rufous as in the immature of both sexes. No. 9485, a male with
the testes fully developed and erotic, has the usual purple-blue
upper coloring of the adult males, while the entire throat, sides of
neck and breast are a bright rufous ; there is also a slight mixture
of rufous among the white feathers of the abdomen. Thus the
specimen is a typical adult above, and immature below. Six speci-
mens, selected at random, give the following measurements: —

Museum

.Mid-toe

Xo.

Date.

Length

11 his.

Tail.

Taisui.

Culiiieii.

and c.

Ser.

947S

May 29

.-..50

2.49

2.31

.81

.55

.51

im.ff

9482

.June 9

.^.25

2.7.5

2.25

.75

.56

.55

?

948.3

.June 26

.5.50

2.68

2..31

.75

.55

.60

9

94S4

June 26

h.oO

2.81

2.37

J4

..52

.(i2

_f

948.0

.Tune 26

.-).65

2.68

2.37

.75

..56

.60

d-(Note

9480

.July 20

.■>.70

2.75

2.36

.75

..56

..55

?

The spread of the wings is about 8.50, while the depth of the
bill at the nostrils is .15.

The immature are easily di.stingv.ished by the ochraceous
brown coloring of the mantle, and by the greater extent of the
bright rufous of the under parts, which with the exception of a
small white space on the middle of the belly and the white under tail
coverts is entirely rufous, brightest on the sides of the fore breast,
paler on the chin and sides ; there is a slight rufous coloring on the
forehead and on the upper tail coverts. The color of the crown is
not such a bright metallic blue as in the adult ; the wing and tail
feathers are a brown on the upper surface, lighter below ; the

52

Direclor s Annual Report.

edges of the webs are more or less rufous or buffy, according to the
age of the specimen ; wing coverts brown, more or less edged with
rufous ; bill and feet dark, with bluish cast.

The nest and ^%% of this species were secured for me by a
Chamorro lad. This particular nest is quite interesting from the
fact it has a ring of wax, from the breadfruit tree, around the top,
by which means the boy had endeavored to take the old bird. The

FIG. 4. MVIACxRA FRP:YCIXETI, OUST.

inside measurements are 1.35X 1.75 and .75 in depth ; outside 2X2
and depth 1.75. (Fig. 4.) It contained two eggs, brownish cream
in color, zoned near the larger end with cinereous spots and small
irregular blotches ; size.70X.50. Hab. Guam.

Genus ACROCEPHAI^US Naumann.

a'. Tail feathers without dusky cross bars, upper surface uni-
'form brown. Acrocepha/us svr/n.v.

Br. Tail feathers with diisky cross bars, upper coloring olive
■brown. Acroccplialus lucinia.

Report of a Mission to Guam. 53

51. Acrocephalus syrinx KittI,

Mr. March found this species 011 Pagan Island, where it was"
probably accidental. General color above uniform ruddy brown,
under surface }ellowisli white. Length 6.8, wing 3, tail 2.50,
cuhnen .95-1, tarsus 1.05. I/ab. Isle of Ponape, Carolines.

52. Acrocephalus luscinia (Quoy & Gaim.). Ga-kaliso.

Reed Warbler.

'J'/nyot/ioi IIS iiisrimis. Qiioy 6t Gaim., Voy. A.strolabe, 1830, I., p. 202.
AcniCi'phaliis »iaiian>iir, Tri.st., Ibis, 1S83, p. 45.

7'aliiiY /iisiiiiu!, Ou.st., Nouv. Arch. Mus. Ili.st. Nat., Ser. III.. Vol. VIII., p. 209.
.ti lorr/i/m/iis luscinia, Hartert, Nov. Zool., V.. p. 57.

This bird is now quite scarce, and I predict will soon become
extinct on the island of Guam. It lives exclusively among the
reedy swamps, and these swamps are now being drained to make
room for the Chinamen's rice paddies. Ga-kaliso, "The Dweller
Among the Reeds," as this name signifies, is the most beautiful
singer in all the islands. Pearly in the morning usually, from
among the tall reeds his liquid sweet song can be heard, the notes
rising and falling in happy cadence, reminding one very much of
the Mocking Bird of the .southern United States. These birds are
very hard to distinguish in the field as they are so nearly the color
of the reeds, the only way to locate them being by their melodious
voices. This made the shooting of them a hard task, for to kill a
bird w'ith so sweet a voice made one feel as if he were committing a
great crime. Four specimens were taken. Their stomachs con-
tained the remains of a great many insecfts and larvae. I frequently
watched them feeding among the reeds. Three of these birds were
males, and one female. Their measurements are as follows: —

''iiseum

]\ruUor

Ao.

Date.

L

ength .

Wing.

Tail.

r

aisHS.

L

11 line II.

and c.

Sex

9.541

June 1

8.50

:j.2:5

3.00

1.19

1.2.5

1 .00

d

9.542

June 2t>

8.12

:i.:57

3.00

1.20

1.25

1.(15

cf

9o4:!

July 9

8.. 50

:i.:w

2.62

1.1.5

l.ls

i.ot;

9

9.544

July 9

X.20

:J.1N

2.tjS

l.is

I.IN

1.U3

The spread of the wings is about 10.25, the depth of the bill at
the nostrils is about .18. The general coloring above is a uniform
olive brown, with a slight rufous tint ; the primaries are a darker
brown than the mantle. In No. 9542, an adult male in fine breed-
ing plumage, the tail being darker than the mantle ; wdiile in the
other specimens it is not. The tail and wing feathers, if held in a
certain light, show slight cross bands ; rump more or less yellowish,
much brighter in the females and young males ; a yellow super-
ciliary line and lores ; the entire under surface is yellowish ; thighs
rufous ; sides of body and flanks rufous and gra}' ; bill brown above,
yellowish below ; feet and tarsus brownish gra}' ; eye dark hazel.
The females and the young are colored almost alike and are char-
acterized by the more rufous coloring in general ; the rufous outer
webs to the primaries and the very dark color of the inner second-

54 Dhrclors Annual Report.

ary ; this latter charadler much more distinct in the female than in
the young males ; the feathers of the thighs are also much brighter
rufous in the females. The general under coloring of the feathers
in this species is a dark gray, so that the outer coloring of the
feathers depends largely upon how much of the brownish or yellow-
ish tip is worn off. This is well illustrated by No. 9541, an old
male with the plumage so worn as to give the bird the appearance
of being gray, with rufous tint. Hah. Guam, Saipan.

53. Aplonis kittlitzi F. & Har. Sali. Starling.

Cah)i iiii kittUIzi, Fiuscli. & Hartl., Fauna Central I'olvn., 1S67, p. 109.
Aploiiii, kiltlilzi. Cat. B. Brit. Mus., XIII., p. 1.^6.

This bird is common on the island of Guam. In color and
actions they very much resemble the blackbird of the eastern
United States. They are noisy and quarrelsome, especially when
there are any of the young birds about. Their food seems to con-
sist chiefly of the fruit of the wild papaya. They build their nests
in the hollow of a tree, usually choosing the dead trunk of a coco-
nut for this purpose, and laying four, sometimes three eggs.
Fourteen specimens of this species were taken. The immature
bird, with its streaked breast, might be easily mistaken for a dis-
tinct species. The adult bird, both the male and female, is a
uniform black all over the body, with a slight greenish sheen to
the feathers ; bill, feet and tarsus black ; the shafts of the wing
feathers and the recftrices are black on the upper surface, white on
the sides, and brownish below ; this is especially noticeable on the
tail feathers and the secondary wing feathers ; under surface of
wings and tail dusky, but not quite so dark as the body; eyes golden
3'ellow. Length 9.25-9.75, wing 4.56-5.00, tail 3.17-3.60, tarsus
1. 25-1. 37, culnien .93-. 87, mid-toe and claw 1.19-1.20 Hab. Guam.

Jiaruni

A fid-toe

.\o.

Date.

Loigt/i .

u;„.s-.

Tail.

Tanm.

CiiiDieii.

and c.

Sex

•■Mn

May 24

9.. 50

5.00

8.:!7

1.H7

.9H

1.25

d

!»r)53

May 24

9.00

4..5fi

H.60

1.25

.9H

1.19

?

9554

May .-W

9.7.5

5.00

H.HI

1.27

.SI

1.19

d"

0555

May HO

9.50

4.67

H.17

l.HO

.S7

1.20

?

5)5.56

May HO

9.25

4.62

H.25

1.25

,Wi

1.14

?

9557

May .-SO

9.50

4.50

2..S5

1.17

.!S7

1.17

juv.?

955.S

Julv :;

S..50

4.60

2.. 50

1.17

.85

1.26

juv. cf

9559

.July n

9.50

4.75

H.25

1.25

.86

l.HO

juv.cT

95(i(»

.Inly 11

9.00

4.62

2.6H

1.12

.86

1.30

juv. 9

9.5(11

.Inly 11

9.00

4..50

H.OO

1.25

.S6

1.10

juv. 9

The immature of this bird has the upper surface dusky, but
not so dark as in the adult ; there is also a greenish sheen to the
feathers on the upper surface ; the upper sides of the rump have
more or less of a mingling of bright buffy ; the entire under surface
has a streaked appearance, caused by the feathers having dusky
greenish centres, with margins of buffy white ; this streaking is
very fine on the chin and throat, broader on the breast and belly.
Still younger specimens have le.ss of buffy on the breast and throat ;
bill and feet dusky ; eye yellow. No. 9562, a big nestling, almost

Report of a J//ss/oj/ to (it(aiii. 55

ready for flight, has the u]iper surface black without the greeuish
sheen ; the leathers of the throat are dusky without the buff color-
ing ; the breast is a dirt.\- buff and dusky ; the belly is chiefly a
dirty buff; bill dark, with a little lighter shade on the lower man-
dible ; feet, wings and tail dark ; eyes brownish. No. 9563, w^hicli
is just assuming the first plumage, has fine black feathers emerg-
ing from their sheaths, the back has acquired a fair degree of
plumage, but the brea.st and belly are still bare, with a fringe of
dirty buffy feathers along the sides. When first hatched the young
are entirely naked. The eggs (Fig. i,/'.) are pale green, with
brown irregular spots about .15 in diameter scattered sparsely over
the entire egg, being most abundant on the larger end. These eggs
measured 1 .27-r.i5X .95-. <S5. Hab. Marianas.

54. Corvus kubaryi Rchw. Aga. Kubary's Crow.

CoiTits solilaints, Kittl., Reise. 1.S5S, II., p. [43.

Coroiw philippiua, Wiglesw., Aves Polynes., p. 46.

Corvus kiibarvi, Rchw., Journ. f. Orn.,"i885, p. no; Hartert, Nov. Zool., V., p. .sg.

This species is common in the jungles, where they soon attract
attention by their noise. They are not at all wild, so I was able to
approach quite near, and ob.serve them carefully. I did not discover
any new tricks — they pulled up the newly planted corn of the native
in the same old way and with apparent satisfaction. They have the
reputation of plundering the ne.sts of the smaller birds in order to eat
the eggs and young, and they do not seem to sound the .same
straightforward Caw, Caw of our American crow, for they have a
sort of Polynesian twist to their tongue which makes them very
hard to understand, and sounds like Qu a a Ou a a. Five specimens
were .secured, but owing to an accident four of them were destroyed.
The remaining specimen, No. 9487, an adult female, is a deep
black all over, including bill, feet and tarsus. There is a fine
bluish black .sheen or gloss to the feathers of the mantle, wings and
tail : head a .shiny black without a noticeable blue gloss ; under
parts a dead black color ; the under color of the feathers all over
the body is white or light gray ; so if the outer half or two-thirds
of the feathers were worn off we would have a white crow. Length
15.00, .spread of wings 26.00, wing 9.50, tail 6.12, tarsus 2.00, cul-
men 1.80, mid-toe and claw 2. Eye dark hazel. Hab. Guam.

GENU.S MY^OMEI/A FiNSCH.
55, My^omela rubratra (Less.). Egigi. Red Honey-eater.

Ciuiivrts rubratr)-. Less., Vov. Coq. Zool., 1S26, p. 67S.

Myz'omela rubratra. Finsch.'jourti. Godeffrov Mus., XII., p. 26: Oust., I., p. 197; Hartert. Nov.
Zool., v., p. 55; Id.. VI., p. 2; Gadow, Cat. B. Brit. Mus., IX.. p. 129.

The beautiful little red and black Egigi, as the natives call
this Honey-eater, is probably the most abundant bird on Guam.
They are quite fearless and are frequently to be seen in the gardens
of the villages, the tall coconut palms being, however, their favor-

56

DircHof s Annual Report.

Report of a Mission to liuani. 57

ite resorts, where they can always be seen feeding among the
blossoms, doubtless attracted by the insedls as well as by the honey
and pollen. Their .stomachs were filled with insects, many also
containing traces of the coconut honey and pollen. Their size,
color and adtions remind one ver\' much of the Apapane ( Himationc
sanguinea) of Hawaii. They have a sweet little song of some
eight or ten notes, usually to be heard about sunrise. A series of
twenty-one specimens was secured, also a number of nests and eggs.
The adult female of this bird is well described by Mr. Hartert in
Nov. Zool., v., p. 55, but in Id., VI., he makes the statement,
"The adult female differs from the male only in the smaller size,"
which is probably an error, as No. 9551 (Bishop Museum), a sex-
ually adult female, as shown by the organs (See carcass No. 1502),
is much lighter in color, as well as smaller in size. However, they
may breed before they are fully adult. The juvenile males are
usually darker than the adult females. Six specimens selected at
random give the following measurements: —

J\/llSl'U III

Mid-toe

Xo.

Date.

Length.

JVing.

Tail.

Tarsus.

Ciihnrn.

and c.

Sex

94.51

May 24

0.00

2.50

l.fix

.70

.04

.62

9

94.i9

May 28

h.m

2.75

2.00

.NO

.04

.70

im.cf

i>45(>

.lune .5

5.7.5

2.90

2.12

.S4

.OS

.70

d"

'.t4.57

.June 7

5..50

2..SS

2.0«

.Nt!

.OS

.75

J

9461

June 27

5.50

2.75

2.00

.Si

.OS

.70

im.cT

9467

July 19

5.00

2.75

l.NO

.7s

.02

.70

?

The adult male has the head, neck, breast, back, rump, upper
tail coverts, sides and the anterior part of the belly scarlet ; wings,
wing coverts, tail, under tail coverts, lower belly, flanks, thighs,
.shoulders and under wing coverts blackish brown ; lores dusky.
The under coloring of the feathers is dark gray, almost black where
it meets the scarlet outer tip of the feather ; feet and tarsus dark ;
ej-e dark hazel. The sexually adult female has the shoulders, wings,
tail, belly, sides and thighs olive brown. The scarlet coloring on the
remainder of the body, head and neck is not so bright or so thick
as in the adult male. They are smaller in size than the adult
males. The immature males are very much like the females, but
are usually a little darker in color and larger in size. The young,
Nos. 9466 and 9467, are olive brown above, yellowi.sh on under
parts, washed with red on the sides of the fore breast and back ; bill
dark, yellowish on the base of lower mandible ; feet and iris dark.

The nests were neat little cup-like structures of small rootlets,
fibre of plants, and wild cotton. ( Fig. 5. ) The internal size, 2 X i .95
and 1.25 deep; external, 2X3 and 2 deep. They were usually
placed among the outer branches of the wild orange, or Kaman-
cheti trees, eight to fifteen feet from the ground. There are usu-
ally two eggs in each ne.st. These eggs are white, marked with
brownish dots and splotches which are especially thick on the
larger end of the &^^. Size .75X.57. Hah. Caroline Islands,
Pelew and Marianas Islands.

\

58 Direclor's Annual Report.

Gexus ^OSTEROPS \'igors & Horsfield.

a'. General color abo\e a dull >ello\vish olive, length 3.8.
Zostcrops scmpcri .

a.-. General color above olive green, length 4.25. Zostciops
conspicillata .

56. ^osterops semperi Hartl. & Finsch. ^osterops.

General color above dull yellowish olive, scarcely brighter on
the rump and upper tail coverts ; crown like the back ; in front of
eye a du.sky spot, and below the eye a line of dusky. Length 3.8,
wing 2.2, culmen .45, tail 1.33, tarsus .7. Hab. Pelew Islands,
ea.st and central Carolines. Rota, according to Oustalet.

57. ^osterops conspicillata Gray. Nossac.

Dicffuni roHipHillalio}!. Kittl., Kupf. Vov.. 1S32, PI. 19, Fig i.

Zostnops co)iipicillu/a. Gray. Gen. B. I.', 1848, p. 198: Gray, Cat. B. Trop. I.sl. Pacific O.. 1S59.
p. 16: Gadow. Cat. B. Brit. JIus., 1SS4. IX.. p. iS.^.

The little Nossacs are one of the common species of birds on
Guam. They seem to be of a social nature and are usually seen in
flocks of from ten to twenty. Their favorite feeding grounds seem
to be the small Lemonceti bu.shes {Linovia trifoliata) that grow by
the roadside, and in fact in the wa.ste places all over the island.
They hop about on the branches, fir.st on one side and then on the
other, keenly on the lookout for insecfts, which form the principal
part of their food. In habits and flight they remind one very much
of the goldfinch, but their note, .sounded iisuall}^ as they fly, is
something like that of the English sparrow, bitt not so loud or un-
pleasant. Twelve specimens were taken, all but one of which were
females. One nestling and three nests and eggs were .secured.
The measurements of half the specimens, selected at random, are
given below: —

Mmi'iim

Mid-toe

Nu.

Date.

Length .

Wing.

Tail.

Ta.

isn.^.

Cut men.

and c.

Sex.

!).56(i

Ma.v 24

4..50

2.19

1..52

.si

.44

.62

5

9.571

June 7

4.2.5

2.1K

1.5(>

.Ml

.47

..5s

5

!).-)70

June 1

4.25

2.:!0

1 ..5(1

.'.IN

.47

.5s

d"

SI574

June 28

4.21

2.12

1..5(l

.78

.4N

..59

?

9.57.5

June 19

4.25

2.1.5

1..5(i

.SO

.44

.62

?

9.57fi

July 21

n.dO

1..51)

..5(;

.SI)

.S5

.<i2

juv.-

The spread of wing is about 6.75, and the depth of the bill at
nostrils is about .13. The general color above is olive green vary-
ing to dull grayi.sh olive, as in No. 9567 ; eyes with a ring of white,
bordered below b}- a narrow dusky line which merges into the
brownish gray of the hind cheeks and ear coverts ; there is ahso a
line of white extending from this eye ring to the base and around
the upper mandible ; throat and fore neck yellowish white, becom-
ing a brighter yellowi.sh on the breast and bellj- ; hind cheeks, ear
coverts and sides of neck grayish, with a slight shade of olive

Report of a Mission to (iiiaiii.

59

6o Direclor s Animal Report.

green ; sides of body yellowish, with a tint of olive green ; under
tail coverts ranging from bright yellow to buffy ; wing coverts
uniform with the coloring of the mantle ; under w'mg coverts and
edge of inner webs of secondaries white ; primaries brown, with
the edge of outer webs olive green, except in the first primary,
which is a dark brown; tail feathers olive green above, grayish
below ; upper tail coverts a shade brighter olive green than the
mantle. The under color of the feathers all over the body is gray,
so the shade of coloring on the bird depends largely upon how
much of the outer tips of the feathers is worn off ; bill is dusky
above, light below ; eye a light hazel ; feet are grayish with a very
slight tint of greenish. Length 4.21-4.50, wing 2.12-2.30, tail
1. 50-1. 56, tarsus .78-. 81, culmen .44-. 48, mid-toe and claw .58-. 62,
the depth of the bill at nostrils is about .12, and the spread of wings
is about 6.50. The immature, No. 9576, just able to fly, with beak
still soft, and total length of body but three inches, has the coloring
uniform with the adult. The bill, however, is yellownsh, and the
feet and tarsi are a raw umber tint, the eyes are light hazel. The
coloring of the belly is even a shade brighter yellow than in the
adult. The nestlings, not yet able to fly, show the olive green
coloring on the back, and buffy on the under parts ; quills bluish ;
bill and feet yellowish.

The nests are beautiful little strucftures, usually built in the
Ingadulus tree and well hidden among the leaves. Its size inter-
nally is 1.90X 1.65 and i in depth, while externally it is 2.95X2.19
and 1.75 in depth. It is constrvufted of fine fibres and grass, the
outside being covered with green moss, which renders it almOvSt
indistinguishable from below. The nest is usually placed far out
where several branches come together some distance from the
ground. The eggs (Fig. 6), of which there are usually two in
each nest, are white with a slight tint of blue, and shaped like the
eggs of a robin, measuring about .63X.50. Hab. Guam.

Genus CLEPTORNIS Oustalet.
58. Cleptornis marchei Oust. Yellow Honey-eater.

General color a deep golden yellow ; back, rump, wings and
tail olive yellow. Length of wing, as given by Hartert ( Nov. Zool.,
v., p. 56), 76-80 mm.; bill ochraceous ; iris burnt umber ; feet and
legs orange ochraceous. Hab. Island of Saipan, Marianas.

Report of a Mission to Giiavi. 6 1

Part II.— FISHES.

P'lSii forms a very important part of the food of the people of
Guam. There are no fish markets, however, the entire catch being
divided up among those who take part in the fishing. The natives
have quite a large number of pens, traps and nets. Several large
seines of moderate mesh were .seen in use. But the favorite way
of fishing seemed to be with the small circular net, which is thrown
by the fisherman as he walks along the beach.

It is recorded' that in former times "the natives caught and
dried great quantities of fish," a grand fishing fiesta being held at
certain seasons of the year. The method employed on these occa-
sions being the poisoning of the fishes by using the juice of a native
tree {Barringtonia speciosa) . The Spanish authorities, however,
finding that this was depleting the waters, by killing young as well
as old, abolished this method in 1894. When the Americans took
possession the law was considered obsolete. By chance I was pres-
ent at the first of these fishing fiestas that had taken place for seven
years. Fully seven hundred people took part in the fishing. An
immense deep pool, several hundred feet across, a short distance
inside the reef, was surrounded by a line of seines. At low tide
about one barrel of this poisonous juice was poured into the pool.
The effect was almost instantaneous ; hundreds of fishes came
gasping and .struggling to the top of the water where they were
captured and killed by the natives. No ill effect seemed to follow
the eating of these poisoned fi.sh. Thousands of small fishes were
killed, and it is to be hoped our Government will put a stop to this
wholesale destruction of fishes.

In the arrangement and measurement of species in the follow-
ing paper I have followed Jordan & Evermann, in their work on
"The Fishes of North and Middle America." I wish to express
my obligations to Prof. Wm. T. Brigham, Direcftor of the Bernice
Pauahi Bishop Museum, for many valuable suggestions and kindly
assistance. Many thanks are also due Dr. David Starr Jordan for
looking over and supplying corrections to ni}' MS.

' Government Archives. Guam.

62 Direclor s Aiinual Report.

Family OPHICHTHYDID^.— Snake Eels.

Genus OPKICTHUS Thunbekg & Ahl.

43. Ophicthus colubrinus (Ahl).

Head 9 into distance ironi snout to vent ; cleft of mouth of
median width ; lips fringed. Teeth in jaws and on vomer obtuse,
with rounded crowns, in 2 rows ; dorsal fin commencing in front of
gill openings; pectorals rudimentary. Color in spirits : Grayish,
with about 35 brownish rings over back and sides ; the older speci-
mens have round spots in the interspaces between the rings, or the
rings mav become more or less broken up into roundish spots.
Two specimens 6-13 inches. Guam, June 2, 1900. Hab. Red Sea,
Andaman to Malay Archipelago, Marianas.

Family MUR^NID^.— ^Iorays.

Genus MTJR.^NA (Aktedi) Linn.^jus.

44. Mursena nigra Day.

Head about 4.50 into the distance from tip of snout to anal
opening. Body elongate ; the trunk and tail of about equal length ;
Teeth biserial ; mandible with about 20 teeth on each side ; dorsal
and anal moderately developed. Color in spirits: Uniform black, no
light edge to fins. One specimen in poor condition. Length 8.50
inches. Guam, July 14, 1900. Hab. Andamans, Western Pacific,
Marianas.

45. Mursena tile Ham.

Young: Hefid about 6 times from tip of snout to anal opening;
the tail and trunk of about equal length. Body elongate. Teeth
pointed ; eye 2 into snout. Color in spirits : Brownish yellow,
slightl\' lighter below. Two specimens. Length about 4 inches.
Guam, June 2, 1900. Hab. Seas of Bengal to Malay Archipelago,
Marianas.

Genus ECHIDNA Forstek.

46-48. Bchidna uniformis sp. nov.

Head, from gill openings to tip of snout, 3.20 into length an-
terior of vent ; snout 5.20 into head. Body elongate, cylindrical;
branchial openings small ; tail much longer than trunk ; nostrils
lateral. Teeth blunt, in double rows in jaws and on the palate ;
dorsal beginning about the length of head posterior of the gill
openings ; the anal beginning just posterior of vent. Color in life:
A uniform yellowish white, with a slight tint of pea green. Speci-

Report of a Mission to (iiiai)i. 63

mens fade but little in sinrits. Three sjieciniens. Length 6-S
inches. (Uiani, June 2, 1900. //oIk (iuani. No. 47, B.P.B.M.,
is the type of species.

Family BI/OPID^.— T.\rpons.

GexLS MEGAIyOPS I.ACEPEDK.

49. Megalops cyprinoides (Brouss).

Head 3.66; depth 4.50: eye 3; interorbital 5; maxillary
1.66, equal in length to mandibles; D. 11 18; A. 11 22; P. 15;
scales 5-35-5, maxillary extending to posterior of eye ; branchi-
ostegals 25 ; tubes of lateral line branched. Body oblong and com-
pressed ; mouth oblique, lower jaw prominent ; a thin plate of bone
attached to symphysis of the mandible of lower jaw and extending
back between rami. Teeth villiform in jaws, on tongue, vomer,
palatine and pterygoid bones. Fins : One dorsal fin with the pos-
terior ray greatly elongate — greater than length of head ; the dorsal
situated above the ventrals, which are abdominal ; base of dorsal
1.50 into base of anal; caudal well forked; peclorals very low,
their length 1.33 into head. Color in spirits: Silvery, darker
above, with slight wash of bluish green ; margins of fins more or
less dusky. One specimen. Length 8 inches. Guam, July 14,
1900. Hab. China, Polynesia, vSeas of India, Ceylon, Marianas.

Family SYNODONTID^.— Lizard-fishes.

Genus SYNODUS (Gronow) Block & Schneider.

50. Synodus variegatus (Ouoy&Gaim.)

Head 3.50; depth 5.50; eye 7; interorbital about equal to
eye; mandible 1.33 into head; snout 4; D. 12; A. 9; scales about
65 in lateral line. A small adipose fin without rays. Body sub-
cylindrical, slightly elongate ; interorbital space concave; gill open-
ings very wide. Teeth sharp, direcfted back, numerous in jaws,
tongue, palatine — those on palatine in a single row. Fins: Caudal,
forked ; dorsal fin slightly longer than high ; tip of ventrals on a
line with posterior base of dorsal ; pecflorals very short, 2.50 into
head ; the series of scales on the tail are not keeled. Color in
spirits: Grayish above, white below ; about 10 wide greenish bands
over the back down on sides to below the axis ; vertical fins with
brown dots forming streaks ; head more or less mottled with green-
ish, with 3 or 4 greenish splotches along sides of jaws, and 3 spots
on under rami of jaws. One specimen. Length 5 inches. Guam,
July 13, 1900. Hah. Indian and Pacific oceans, Marianas.

64 Director's Annual Report.

Family BSOCID^.— Needle-fishes.

Genus TYI^OSURUS Cocco.

51. Tylosurus annulatus Cuv. & Val. Gar-fishes.

Head 2.50; D. 23; A. 21; V. 6; eye 2 into postorbital length
of head. Teeth rather strong, none on the vomer ; scales thin and
small ; lateral line forming a keel along the free portion of tail.
Color in spirits: Back and upper part of head green, with slight
wash of steel blue ; sides and belly silvery white ; dorsal dusky;
caudal with a dusky centre; remaining fins whitish; pedlorals with
an indistinct blotch at base. One specimen. Length 14 inches.
Guam, July 14, 1900. Hab. Red Sea, Seas of India, Malay Archi-
pelago, China, Marianas, North Australia.

Family HBMIRAMPHID^.— Balaos.

Genus HEMIRAMPHUS Cuvier.

52. Hemiramphus limbatus Cuv. & Val.

Head 3 or a little less ; depth 3.50 into head ; eye 4.50 ; snout
3.50; D. 14; A. 12; scales 54. Teeth minute and in several rows
in both jaws ; upper jaw short, wider than long. Fins: Caudal,
lobed ; the lower lobe the longest ; dorsal beginning slightly in
advance of anal ; ventrals equal to orbit ; pectorals 3 into head.
Color in spirits : Silvery, bluish above ; a distinct silvery band
which posteriorh' is equal to one scale ; tip of dorsal and anal dusky.
Five specimens. Length 7-10 inches. Guam, June 14, igoo.
Hah. Seas of India, China, Western Pacific, Marianas.

Family FISTUI/ARIID^.— Cornet-fishes.

Genus FISTUI/ARIA Linn^us.

53-55- Fistularia depressa Linn. Trumpet-fish. Bagag.

Head 2.66; depth 3.20; eye 11; interorbital 14.5; D. 15; A. 14;
no scales, body nearly smooth ; the upper lateral edges of snout
sharply serrated ; the 2 middle ridges on upper surface of snout
well separated, being nearest together mesiall}'. Color in spirits :
Dirty brownish, lighter below ; the young with a few scattered blue
spots. Four specimens. Length 8-29 inches. Guam, June 14,
1900. Hab. East Indies, Au.stralia, China, Panama, Lower Cali-
fornia, Hawaiian Islands, Marianas.

Report of a Mission to Guam. 65

Family PRISTOPOMATID^.

Genus SCOI^OPSIS Cuvikk & Valenciennes.

56-59. Scolopsis lineatus' Quoy & Gaim. Sihig-.

Head 3.20; depth 3; eye 3; snout 3.20; mandible equal to eye;
iuterorbital 3; D.xg; A. iii 7; P. 16; V. i 5. Scales 3-44-12. Teeth
minute, no canines. Inferior orbital with a spine direcfled back-
wards under the pupil — usually 2 or 3 smaller spines below it.
Posterior margins of the opercles toothed. Bod}^ oblong, slightly
compressed. Branchiostegals 5. Pseudobranchiae developed. Gill-
rakers short and blunt, 8 on lower limb. Fins : Caudal forked, the
upper lobe the longest. Ventrals and pedlorals of about equal
length, 1 .20 into head. Base of anal 3.50 into base of dorsal. About
14 rows of scales in front of dorsal fin. Color in spirits : Grayish
above ( in life the upper coloring is greenish ) , whitish below the axis.
A more or less indistinct white line from snout to first dorsal spine.
Two distinct white lines from above the orbit to sixth and seventh
rays of soft dorsal. A third white line wider anteriorly, and more
or less broken, extends from upper third of eye to just posterior of
the hind margin of the dorsal fin. A fourth line forms the low'er
boundary to the gray coloring along the median line from eye to
caudal. The upper half of pedlorals has a duskj- blotch, and there
ma}' be a dusky blotch, in some specimens, on the sides half way
between the axis of body and the belly. Fins: All yellowish white,
the spines with a bluish wash ; no dark spot between first and third
dorsal .spines. Four specimens. Length 6-7.50 inches. Guam,
June 14, 1900. Hab. Andamans, Malay Archipelago, Marianas.

Family MUGII,ID^.— Mullets.

Genus MUGII/ (Artedi) Linn^us.

60. Mugil waigiensis Quoy & Gaim.

Head 4; depth 4.50; eye 4.20; i into snout; interorbital 1.66;
D. IV, 7; A. HI 8; P. 14; V. i 5. Scales 28. No adipose eyelid.
Width of mouth is 2.66 Lips rather narrow^ the upper lip one-
half width of pupil. Body oblong, compressed, and covered with
large scales. There are 16 series of scales between tip of snout and
fir.st dorsal spine. No lateral line. No true teeth in jaws. Fins:
Caudal slightly emarginate. Pecft orals equal to distance from pos-
terior of head to anterior nostril. In the specimen before me the
pecftorals do not reach quite to the vertical of the origin of dorsal,
but to the vertical of the next anterior row of scales. Ventrals and
soft dorsal about equal in length, i .50 into head. Spinous dorsal

2 I have carefully compared this fish with Quoy & Gaiiuard's description and figure (Quoy
& Gaim. Voy. Freyc! Poiss., p. 322, pi. 60. fig. 3) and am convinced the species should stand as
5'. liiieatus, Quoy & Gaim.

O. P. B. P. B. M.— Vo:.. I., No. 3-

66 DireHor' s Annual Report.

1.66 into head. Color iu spirits: Silvery, with slight yellowish
wash, slightly darker above. Pe(5torals dusky, with their lower
margin yellowish. Anterior of anal dusky. Caudal, dorsals and
ventrals yellowish white ; iris yellow. One specimen. Length 13
inches. Guam, June 14, 1900. Hab. Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Poly-
nesia, Marianas.

61. Mugil axillaris Bleek.

Head 3.50; depth 3.66; eye 3.50; interorbital 2.50; D. iv, 8;
A. Ill 9. Scales 44. No adipose eyelid. No teeth in jaws. Pec-
torals reach to vertical base of dorsal, the tip of pecftorals being on
the 13 series of scales from the back of the head. The preorbital
is indistinctly denticulate. Maxillary hidden. Snout shorter than
orbit. Twenty-one series of scales between tip of snout and origin
of dorsal. Caudal is slightly emarginate. Dorsal fins are of
about equal length, the first dorsal spine is eqvtal distance between
tip of snout and base of caudal. Pectorals are equal in length
to the distance from posterior edge of opercle to anterior nostril.
An elongated scale in axis of pedtorals. The origin of soft dorsal
is very little behind origin of anal. Color in spirits : Silvery, with
bluish wash, deeper blue on back. Ventrals white. Pecftorals, dor-
sals, anal and caudal fins slightly dusky. One specimen. I^ength
3 inches. Guam, July 12, 1900. Hab. East Indian Archipelago,
Marianas, Samoa.

(i2,-^\, Mugil planiceps Cuv. & Val. Agoas.

Head 4; depth 4; eye with adipose lid developed on fore and
back of eye, but not extending on pupil. The clear part of eye 4.66
into head ; interorbital 2.20. Scales 36 ; 19 series of scales from
snout to first dorsal spine; D. iv, 18; A. iii 9. There are 20 series
of scales between origin of dorsal and tip of .snout. The anterior
margin of vSpinous dorsal is exacftly midway between tip of snout
and base of caudal fin. A lance-like scale above axes of pecftorals.
Lips thin. The ped-toral fin barely reaches the vertical of base of
dorsal, ending on the eighth scale of a lateral series. The soft dorsal
has its origin above the third soft anal ray. Caudal rather deeply
emarginate. Color in spirits : Silver}^ with wash of 3'ellowish,
slightly darker above ; more or less golden reflecftion behind eye.
Peiftorals white, the former with an indistinct dusky blotch at ba.se.
Caudal, dorsals and anal with more or less indistinct dusky wash.
Three specimens. Length 3-6 inches. Guam, May 26, 1900. Hab.
Coasts of Ceylon, Bengal, Hindostan, China, Marianas.

Genus SPHYR^NA (Artedi) Block & Schneider.

65. Sphyrsena obtusata Cuv. & Val.

Head 3; depth 8.50; eye 5.33: maxillae 2.30; mandible 1.50;
interorbital equal to eye ; snout 2.20 into head ; D. v, 19; A. 18.
Scales 92, extending over opercles and cheeks. Body rather elon-

Kcpoii of a Missicvi to Guam. 67

gate, sub-cylindrical. Gape of mouth deep, the lower jaw the long-
est. Teeth sharp-pointed in jaws and palatines, none on vomer.
Fins : Interspaces between the two dorsal fins equal to one-half
length of head. Caudal forked. Ventrals equal to distance from
hind margin of opercle to eye. Color in spirits : Grayish green
above, yellowish white below. The gray descends in a festooned
edge along the lateral line, giving the appearance of about 12 dusky
splotches along the sides — this is more distinct in young. The
young also show indistinct dusky bands over the back. Three
specimens. Length 3-5.50 inches. Guam, July, igoo. Hab.
Seas of India to Malay Archipelago, Marianas.

Family POLYNBMBD^.— Thread-fishes.

Genus P0I,YDACTYLUS Lacepedk.

66. Polydactylus sexfilis Cuv. & Val. Bocadulce.

Head 3.5; depth 3.45; eye 4.50, more or less covered by adi-
pose membrane ; interorbital 3.66 ; premaxillary 2.20 ; mandible
2.20; D. VIII, I 2; A. Ill 12; P. 14 ; V. I 5. Scales 46; lateral line
continuous; 5 free articulated appendages below each pe(5toral fin;
two separate dorsal fins. Body oblong, compressed. Muciferous
system of head well developed. End of snout projecfting beyond
the mouth. Teeth setiform, several bands on premaxillary, vomer
and palatines. Vertical margin of the preopercle strongly denticu-
late. Fins : Caudal deeply forked, the longest ra^^ one-third longer
than head. Short middle ray 2.50 into head. Pedtoral 1.20 into
head. Longest ray of soft dorsal equal to head. Color in spirits:
vSihery white, slightly darker above, a dusky splotch at base of
caudal. Pectorals and anals dusky. Tips of dorsals dusky. One
specimen. Length 13.5 inches. Guam, June 28, 1900. Hab.
Seas of India, Polynesia, Marianas.

Family HOLOCBNTRID^.— Squirrel-fishes.

Gknus MYRIPRISTIS Cuvier.
67-68. Myripristis murdjan (Forsk). Sagamolang.

Head 3 ; depth 2.50 ; eye 2.20 ; snout 2 into eye ; interorbital
equal to snout; D. x, i 14; A. iv 12; P. 15; V. i 7. Scales 3-34-6.
Body oblong, slightly elevated and compressed. Teeth villiform.
Mouth oblique, lower jaw projecting, with a rough nipple-like pro-
jection on each side of symphysis. Maxillary reaches to beneath
last third of orbit. Preopercle serrated its whole extent. Opercle
with moderately strong spine, all the posterior margin below the
spine and a little way above it finely serrated. Upper surface of
head roughened by about four raised lines which branch posteriorly
and end in small spines. Color in life : Roseate, gill openings and

68 Dircflor' s Anmial Report.

axillae of peclorals black. Fins whitish, except a dusky blotch on
tip of soft dorsal. Three specimens. Length 2-7 inches. Agana,
Guam, June 14, 1900. Hab. Red Sea, east coast of Africa, Seas
of India to Malay Archipelago, Marianas, Hawaiian Islands.

Genus HOI/OCENTRUS (Gronow) Scopou.

69. Holocentrus diadema Lacep.

Head 3.20; depth 3; eye 2.50; interorbital equal to snout, 4.20
into head. Maxillary 3 into head and reaching to a line beneath
the anterior margin of pupil. The upper processes of intermax-
illaries end scarcely posterior of anterior margin of eye. D. xi 13;
A. IV 9; P. 15; V. I 7. Scales 3-48-8; a single vertical row of 9 scales
on the opercle. Orbital, opercular and preopercular bones serrated.
The preorbitals have a large spine anteriorly; two opercular spines,
the upper of which is much the stronger. The preopercular spine is
2.66 into vertical margin of preopercle and 2 into e} e. Fins: Caudal
well forked ; the third, fourth and fifth dorsal spines the longest,
about equal to longest ray of soft dorsal; third spine of anal much
the longest, 1.20 into head, about equal in length to ventral fin.
The scales on the sides of anal fin are much elongated and serrated.
Color in life: Red, with lighter longitudinal lines. Color in spirits:
Silver}' grayish, darker above, with about 10 lighter longitudinal
lines. Dorsal fin black, with a white longitudinal line through the
middle, also an indication of light coloring on margin of fin. The
web between third and fourth anal spine is black, otherwise all
the fins are uniform j-ellowish white. Three specimens. Length
2.50-5.50 inches. Guam, July 28, 1900. Hab. Red Sea, Ceylon,
Chinese vSea, Indian Archipelago, Marianas.

70. Holocentrus operculare Cuv. & \ al.

"I'oHiig-: Head 3.20; depth 3; eye 2.50; maxillary equal to eye;
interorbital 3.50 into head; D. xi 13; A. iv 10. Scales 37. Opercles
and preopercles serrated, the preopercle spine equal to diameter of
eye, and much smaller than the two spines of the opercles. Color,
red; in spirits, a silvery grayish, slightly darker above. All the fins
yellowish white, except the spinous dorsal which is black with
white lines between the spines. One specimen, very young.
Length 2 inches. Guam, July 23, 1900. Hab. Sea of New Ireland,
Banda, Marianas.

71. Holocentrus binolatum Quoy & Gaim. Cholog.

Head 3 ; depth 2.66 ; eye 2.50 ; snout about equal to inter-
orbital; D. XI 14; A. IV 9; P. 14; V. I 7. Scales 4-46-8. Opercles,
preopercles, and orbitals with posterior and lower margins serrated.
Maxillary reaching the posterior margin of pupil 2.20 into head.
Mandible i .66 into head. Preopercular spine long and strong, about

Report of a Mission lo Guam . 69

twice as long as the two opercular spines. Preor])ital with a strong
spine anteriorly, and another not quite so strong under the anterior
third of pupil. Fins : The third, fourth and fifth dorsal spines are
longest, but are only two-thirds as long as third anal spine, and are
rather shorter than the soft dorsal. Caudal well forked, the lobes
equal. Pe(5lorals slightly longer than ventrals, 1.25 into head.
Color in spirits : Silvery whitish, with wash of yellowish. About
1 2 indistin(5lly darker stripes on body. Fins 3'ellowish white, with a
slightly darker splotch between the two anterior spines at base.
The original description of this fish gives the dorsal fin as xi 14,
and the figure in Voy. Astrol. Poiss., Pi. 14, Fig. 4, gives the
stripes on the body, especially on lower half, as darker red than
the ground color, which is very true of the specimen before me.
One specimen. Length 5.50 inches. Guam, July 14, 1900. Hab.
New Guinea, Guam, Marianas.

72. Holocentrus unipunctatum Gunth. I^esiog.

Head 2.66 ; depth 2.50 ; eye 3 ; interorbital 2 into eye ; snout
3.20; maxillary 2.50; D. xl 15; A. iv 10; P. 14; V. i 7. Scales
3-45-8. Opercles, preopercles and orbitals serrated. The preopercle
spine, measured from scales, 1.66 into vertical limb of the pre-
opercle, and about equal to eye ; the two opercular spines of equal
size and less than one-half the length of preopercular spine. Fins:
The third, fourth and fifth dorsal spines the longest. Ventrals and
pectorals of about equal length. Caudal well forked, lobes equal,
the third anal spine the longest — 2.66 into head. Color in life:
Red, with about 12 slightly darker red lines. In spirits the fi.sh
becomes a dull grayish white, with very indistinct darker lines, the
fins being a uniform 3'ellowish white, except a small blotch of black
between the first and second dorsal spines, near the base. One
specimen. Length 5 inches. Guam, June 14, 1900. Hab. Poly-
nesia, Marianas.

73-74. Holocentrus fuscostriatus sp. nov. Chalak.

Head 3; depth 3.50; eye 2.66; interorbital 4; snout 3.50; max-
illary equal to distance from posterior of orbit to posterior edge of
opercle; mandible 1.66; low^er jaw projecting; D. x, i 12; A. iv 8;
V. I 7; P. 14; C. 18, with 6 spines on each side. Scales 3-40-8; about
27 scales on preopercle, each scale with a brown spot at base. Pos-
terior margins of opercles and preopercles denticulate, except the
oblique lower half of sub-opercle. The opercle has a single vertical
row of 8 scales on its anterior margin. Opercle with two spines from
posterior margin, their exposed length 2 into pupil, a minute spine
just above these two ; lower margin of interopercle finely toothed;
lower angle of preopercle with flat spine, its exposed length from
scales 2 into orbit, 2.50 into horizontal length of preopercle. Pre-
orbitals and sub-orbitals strongly denticulate. Mouth protracted.

yo DireHor' s Annual Report.

Groove for the posterior processes of the intermaxillaries reaches to
a Hue with the anterior margin of the pupil. No spine on snout.
Teeth: Bands of villiform teeth on jaws, vomer and palatines. On
top of head just posterior of eyes about 8 raised lines form a fan-
shaped area on each side. Fins: The second dorsal spine is the
longest, equal to distance from base of anterior dorsal spine to base
of sixth dorsal spine. The first dorsal spine 2 into head, the last
2.50 into orbit. Third anal spine the longest, 1.33 into head. Soft
dorsal and pectorals of about equal length, i .66 into head. Ventrals
1 .50 into head. Color in life: General color silvery, slightly darker
above, with a wash of purplish red and gold, the scales with a
splendid opalescent refledlion, each side with 10 very distinct dusky
lines which have a wash of purple madder. The lateral line, which
is slightly the widest, is a brighter red with less of dvisky. Top of
head deep red. Spinous dorsal reddish with a big black splotch
between the 4 anterior spines. A row of triangular white spots be-
tween the spines near base, and a marginal line of white. Soft dorsal
yellow, with the two anterior rays red. Four outer rays on each
margin of caudal red, the inner part yellow. Anal yellow, the fourth
spine and first ray red. Pectorals pinkish. Belly and ventral fin
white. Twenty-five specimens. Length 2-7 inches. Guam, July,
1900. The young are similar in color, with the lines not quite so
distinct, and with two dusky blotches over each eye. Type speci-
men No. 73, B. P. B. M. Hab. Marianas.

75-76. Holocentrus microstoma^ Gunth.

Head 3.20 ; depth 3.50 ; eye 2.66; snout one-third less than
eye; maxillary equal to eye ; mandible 2 into head ; D. xi i 10;
A. IV 9; P. 16; V.I 8. Scales 3-54-8; 8 series of scales in front of
dorsal. Preopercles scaled. Opercle with a single vertical row of 8
scales which are deeply toothed pOvSteriorly. Gill-rakers moderate,
12 including rudiments on lower limb. Hind margins of all the
opercles, preopercles, the post, sub and preorbitals strongly ser-
rated on their posterior or lower margins. Lower edge of pre-
opercle with a prominent spine, the free portion from the scales
measuring 2.20 into vertical limb of the preopercle, from lower
margin of spine. Two prominent opercular spines, the upper much
the largest. A prominent spine at the anterior end of preorbitals.
Mouth projedtile, lower mandible slightly the longest. Grooves
for the posterior processes of the intermaxillaries ends anterior of a
line with front of pupil. The turbinal bones end in prominent pro-
cesses. Teeth villiform. Fins: Caudal well forked, with six small
spines at base of each margin. Third anal spine the longest, equal
to depth of the fish. Fourth and fifth dorsal spines the longest, 155
into head ; the first dorsal spine is about equal to eye, and the last
is equal to pupil. PecStorals 1.50 into head. Anterior rays of the

^Specimens from Guam show that //. biiinlulitiii and H. niicidiloiiia are distinct species.

Report of a Mission to Guam. 71

soft dorsal are the longest, being equal in length to the fourth
dorsal spine ; the anterior rays of soft anal are also the longest,
being ecjual to length of pe(5lorals. Color in life: Red, with about
12 Avhitish longitudinal lines, most distinct on upper surface.
Color in spirits: Silvery gray, with lighter longitudinal lines ; fins
all uniform yellowish white, except spinous dorsal, which has a
rather narrow white margin and an intermarginal line of black,
below which is another line of white. Two specimens. Guam,
July 14, 1900. Hab. Polynesia, Marianas.

Family MUI/I/ID^. — Surmullets.

Genus MUI,I,0IDES Bleeker.

77. Mulloides flavolineatus Lacep. Salmoneti.

Head 3.50; depth 4; eye 4; interorbital 3.50; width of max-
illary at end 1.66 into eye; D. vii, 9; A. 11 6. Scales 2-37-6 Body
oblong, slightly compressed. Villiform teeth in both jaws, no teeth
on vomer or palatines. Interorbital space flat. Barbules thick,
reaching to angle of preopercle. Opercular spine small. Fins:
Pectorals 1.50 into head. The longest dorsal spine r.30 into head;
the longest dorsal ray 2.20, equal in length to longest anal ray;
5 rows of scales between the two dorsal fins. Color in spirits:
Back dusky, with slight wash of reddish ; sides and belly with
wash of yellowish, and indication of a yellowish line along sides.
One specimen, length 11. 5 inches; 14 young, length 3 inches. In
some of these young the yellow baud from head to caudal shows
very distincftly. Guam, June 2, 1900. Hab. Red Sea, through
India to Malay Archipelago and beyond, Marianas.

78. Mulloides samoensis Gunth.

Head 3.50; depth 3.50; eye 3; interorbital 3.66; mandible 3.50
into head; D. vii, 9; A. 11 6. Scales 2-40-7. Villiform teeth in jaws
in several series, no teeth on vomer or palatines. Fins: Pedlorals
1 .50 into head, equal in length to the longest dorsal spine. lyongest
dorsal ray 2 into head. Ventrals 1.30 into head. Barbules reach-
ing to angle of preopercle. Color in spirits: Silvery white, a bluish
wash above, a small dusky splotch on sides just below the ninth
and tenth scale of the lateral line — the tips of the pe(5toral fins
reach to the centre of this spot. An indistinct dusky blotch on inter-
orbital region. One specimen. Length 4.50 inches (color much,
faded). Guam, June 2, 1900. Hab. Samoa, Marianas.

Genus UPBNEUS Cuvier.
79. Upeneus multifasciatus Quoy & Gaim.

Head 3.20; depth 3.20; eye 5.50; interorbital 3.50; maxillary
2.20, its width at end greater than eye; D. ix, 9; A. 7. Scales 2-30-6.
Barbules long, reaching within two rows of scales from base of ven-

72 DireHor' s Annual Report,

trals; two rows of scales between the two dorsal fins. Body oblong,
compressed, the upper profile quite convex. Teeth in a single row
in jaws, no teeth on vomer or palatines. A small opercular spine.
Fins: Posterior rays of soft dorsal prolonged, i .66 into head. Third
dorsal spine the longest, i .50 into head. The pedlorals and ventrals
are about equal in length. Color in spirits: Upper color brownish,
with indication of purple. A brown line down snout through eye.
A broad saddle of black on the caudal peduncle ; another broad
black band descends from the anterior half of soft dorsal. There
are also indications of two or three more or less amalgamated broad
black bands in front of this. Under surface yellowish white. Spin-
ous dorsal dusky. Inner half of soft dorsal black, outer half marked
with two or three longitudinal pale bluish lines. Pe(5torals cadmium
yellow. Ventrals with external rays bluish, inner ones yellow. Anal
bluish with 4 or 5 lighter longitudinal lines. Caudal dusky. One
specimen. Length 8 inches. Guam, July 19, igoo. Hab. Seas
of India, Malay Archipelago, Polynesia, Marianas.

80. Upeneus saffordi^ sp. nov. Salmoneti.

Head 3; depth 3.25; ej'e 5.66; interorbital 4; maxillar}' 2.50,
its width at end equal to eye. Scales 2-30-7; D. viii, i 8; V. i 5.
Barbules long, reaching to base of ventral fins. Body oblong,
compressed, the upper profile quite concave. Snout rather sharp-
pointed. The distance from the anterior margin of orbit to tip of
snout 1.86 into head. Teeth in a single row in each jaw, no teeth
on vomer or palatine. Three series of scales between the two dor-
sal fins. A small preopercular spine. Fins: Spinous dorsal and
ventrals of about equal length, 1.25 into head. Second ray of soft
dorsal 2 into head, equal in length to base of fin. Base of anal 2.50.
Pecftorals 1.60 into head, their base equal to shortest ray, their tip
reaching to a line with the tenth scale of lateral line. Caudal well
forked, the longest ray 1.25 into head. The posterior rays of the
anal or dorsal are not prolonged. Color in life: Uniform cadmium
3'ellow, with a saddle of bright yellow extending over the upper
part of caudal peduncle and down to the lateral line, with two dis-
tinct bluish lines from eye, two-thirds of the distance down sides
of snout. Color in spirits: Uniform yellowish white, a whitish
saddle over top of caudal peduncle down to lateral line, a dusky
reddish splotch covering sides of snout. Fins all uniform light
chrome; iris bright yellow. The young are similarly colored, but
without the yellow marking on caudal peduncle so distinct. Two
specimens. Length 6.50-3.00 Agaiia, Guam, July 14, 1900.

81. Upeneus trifasciatus Lacep.

Head 3.20; depth 3.20; eye 4.50; maxillary 3.66 into head.
Scales 2-30-6; D. viii, 9; A. 7; snout blunt. Teeth in a single row

4Nained in honor of Ijeutenant-Goveriior W. E. Safford, V. S. N., of Guam, in recognition
of his interest and work in Polynesian natural history.

Report oj a Mission to iinaiu. 73

ill jaws, none on vomer or palatines. Barbiiles reaching about to
angle of preopercle. Fins: Spinous dorsal i .50 into head. Longest
ray of soft dorsal 2 into head. Two rows of scales l)etweeii soft and
spinous dorsal. Color in spirits: Scales of upper surface more or
less edged with brownish, below yellowish white. A brown line from
end of snout through eye to below soft dorsal fin; back of the head
this brown line is accompanied on each side by a yellow line of
almo.st equal width. A dusky saddle over free portion of tail, with
a yellowish spot between it and the soft dorsal. A more or less
dusky line down po,sterior margin of preopercle. Base of opercular
spine dusk}-. One specimen. Length 8 inches. Guam, May 26,
1900. Hah. Indian Ocean, Polynesia, Marianas.

Family CARANGID^.— Pompanos.

Genus CARANX LacepEde.

82. Caranx ascensionis (Forst.). Tarakita.

Head 3.33; depth 2.66; eye 5.33, 2 into snout; interorbital 4;
D. IX, I, 22; A. II, I 19; V. I 5. Scales about 58 to the beginning
of the plate-like scales which arm the posterior half of the lateral
line; there are 48 of the plate-like scales which begin on a line of
the fifth dorsal ray. Body oblong, compressed. Mouth protradtile,
the lower jaw slightly the longer. Maxillar}- broad, almost as
wide as eye. Preopercle not serrate. Branchiostegals 7. Pseudo-
branchiae present. Teeth: The teeth in the upper jaw in villiform
band, with an outer series of stronger ones; those of the lower in a
single series; minute teeth also on palate and tongue. Fins: The
dorsal consists of a recumbent spine followed by seven rather weak
spines, all connedled, the longest being 2.75 into head; following
these and scarcely connecfted with them is a short strong spine about
midway between the spinous dorsal proper and soft dorsal. The soft
dorsal is about equal in length to anal and similar in form; the
longest ray is contained 1.33 into head, being a little longer than
the first ra}^ of anal; there are no detached rays. The pecftorals are
long and falcate, their length greater than head, 3 into total length.
Ventrals short, 2.50 into head. Caudal well forked, lobes equal,
4 into total length. The bod}- is finely scaled, there being no bare
area in front of ventrals. Lateral line strongly cur\-ed, the curved
portion 1.50 into straight. Color in spirits: Silvery with a slight
wash of 3-ellowish. Pectorals yellow. Dorsal and anal bluish. The
outer raj'S of caudal seem to have more or less yellowish wa.sh.
One specimen — length 13 inches — and 13 young 2.50-4.50 inches,
were taken near the reef. Guam, July 9, 1900. The 3'oung are
uiLstriped and have more bluish on the back, and the fins with less
color. Hah. Gilbert Islands, Marianas.

74 DireHor' s Aruiual Report.

83. Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaim.

Head 3.33; depth 2.50; eye 3.50, i intosuout; interorbital 3.66;
D. VIII, I, I 21; A. II, I 19. Scales numerous, plates 33. L,ateral
line strongly curved, the curve 1.66 into .straight portion. lyower
jaw slightly longer than upper. Breast scaly. Teeth of upper jaw
form a villiform band, an outer series of larger ones also present,
a single row in lower jaw, small teeth on palate. Color: Silvery,
bluish above, with about seven dusky vertical bands about equal to
width of eye and narrower than interspace. An indistinct opercular
spot. P'ins yellow. Two specimens, length 4.50 inches, were taken
at Agafia, Guam, Jul}- 9, 1900. Hab. Western Pacific, Marianas.

Genus I^EIOGNATHUS I^AciCPiSDE.
84-86. I/eiognathus obscura sp. nov.

Head 3.33; depth 1.66; eye 2.80, i into snout; interorbital 3;
D. VIII, 17; A. Ill 15; V. I 5. Scales small, deciduous, cycloid,
no scales on chest. I^ateral line unarmed and but slightly curved.
Body elevated and strongly compressed. Mouth protra(5lile, upper
jaw rather overhanging. Teeth minute, of equal size in jaws. Pre-
opercle and supraorbital serrate. Two short spines on upper anterior
part of orbit, the distance between two outer spines 2.50 into head.
Branchiostegals 5. Pseudobranchiae present. Gill-rakers short but
wide, with many small teeth. Fins: Second dorsal spine 3.80 into
length, the third dorsal spine equal in length to .second anal spine,
1 .50 into head. Pecftorals and second dorsal spine of equal length.
Ventrals small, 2 into head. Caudal well forked, lobes of equal
length; caudal peduncle 4 into head. The pores of lateral line are
slightly enlarged anteriorly. Color: Silvery white, bluish above.
An irregular dusky splotch about the size of eye a little below the
axis, above anterior anal spine. The inner bases of pecftorals are
black. A dusk}' splotch at upper edge of opercle, another at upper
margin of orbit — this invades the upper part of iris, which other-
wise is yellow. Snout more or less dusky with a short black line
down each side from nostrils to upper lip. A dusky splotch on
upper part of caudal peduncle. Fins white, a wash of yellow on
caudal. Three specimens, length 3-5.50 inches, taken at Agaiia,
Guam, May 26, igoo. No. of type 84*6. P. B. M. Hab. Marianas.

Family PBMPHBRID^.

Genus PBMPHERIS Cuvier & Vaeenciennes.
87-90. Pempheris otaitensis (Cuv. & Val.). Sapi sapi.

Head (from bony margin of opercle to tip of snout) 4; depth
2.50; eye 2.25; maxillary 1.60; mandibles 1.50; interorbital 1.50
into eye; from anterior margin of orbit to tip of snout is one-half
the diameter of eye; D. vi, 9; A. iii 41; V. i 5; P. 19. Scales about

Report of a MissioJi to (lUani. 75

68-70 in lateral line. Mouth oblique. Setiform teeth on jaws,
vomer and palatines. Snout blunt, liranchiostegals 7. Fins : Anal
long, its base twice into length of fish. It is placed at an angle of
about 40° to the axis. The rays are short, the longest being eciual
to the diameter of eye. The base of dorsal is 1.66 into head, its
longest XQ.y being about equal to head. Caudal emarginate. Pec-
torals about equal to length of head. Color in spirits: Silvery,
with a wash of reddish, each scale having a silvery margin with a
sub-marginal brownish red area of about equal extent; darker
above. Axis and base of pe(5torals black, a darker area along base
of anal. Dorsal spines and tip of anterior dorsal rays black. Caudal
dusk}- on edges, lighter in centre. Anal, pectorals and ventrals yel-
lowish white. A more or less distinct splotch of gold just posterior
of ej-e on opercle. Iris yellow. Five specimens. I^ength 3-7 inches.
Guam, July 14, igoo. Hab. Western Pacific, Marianas.

Family KUHI^IID^.

Genus KUHI^IA Gill.

91-93. Kuhlia rupestris (Lacep.).

Head 3; depth 2.66; eye 4; maxillary 2.33, no supplemental
bone; mandible 1.66; interorbital 3.50; D. x 11; A. iii 10; V. i 5;
P. 13. Scales large, 5-44-9, lateral line complete. Body oblong,
slightly compressed. Mouth large, protradlile. Teeth: Bands of
villiform teeth on jaws, vomer, palatines, entopterygoid and ecto-
pterygoid bones. Tongue smooth. Gill-rakers about 16, rather
short on lower limb. Branchiostegals 6. Pseudobranchiae well
developed. Opercle with two spines. Preorbital and preopercle
finely denticulate, gill membranes separate. Fins: The caudal is
emarginate, the lobes rounded. Fifth dorsal spine is 2.50 into head;
tenth dorsal spine is much longer than ninth, its length 3 into head.
Ventrals and pe(ftorals of about equal length. Anal longer than its
distance from caudal. Color in spirits: Dark silvery, blui.sh above,
most of the .scales with a blackish spot at tip or base. Caudal, anal
and dorsal dusk}^ with a wide whitish space at tip. Ventrals white.
Pecftorals whitish, upper ray black. Three fine specimens, length
6-g inches, were presented to the Museum by Lieutenant-Governor
W. E. Safford, U. S. N. These were taken in fresh water at the
head of the Agafia river, Guam, 1900. This is a valued food fi.sh.
Hab. Fre-sh water streams and lakes of Polynesia, Marianas.

Family CHBlIyODIPTBRID^.— Cardinal-fishes.

Gkxus APOGON Lacepede.

94. Apogon fasciatus Quoy & Gaim. I^ansi.

Head 2.86; depth 3; eye 2.50; snout 50 into eye; interorbital
about equal to snout ; maxillary reaching beyond pupil 1.23 into

^6 Dircclor' s Annual Report.

head; D. vi, i 9; A. 11 8. Scales 1-28-4. Teeth villiform in jaws,
vomer and palate. Body oblong, slightly compressed and elevated.
Branchiostegals 7. The preopercle has a double edge, the outer
one of which is serrated. Gill-rakers rather long and slender, 12
on lower limb. Fins: Caudal emarginate. Pe(5lorals and ventrals
of about equal length, i .50 into head. The spinous and .soft dor-
sals separate, the soft dorsal the longest. Base of anal slightly less
than base of soft dorsal. Color in spirits: Yellowish white with
wash of red. Four lateral longitudinal black bands on each side
from head to caudal, the second and fovirth lines form an arch on
the base of caudal fin. A black band on base of anal, also a black
band on base of soft dorsal. Other fins yellowish. Lower jaw
more or less dusky. Twenty specimens. Length 1-3 inches.
Guam, June 14, 1900. Hah. Seas of India, Malay Archipelago,
Marianas.

95. Apogon auritus Cuv. & Val.

Head 2.50; depth 2.86; eye 3.50; D. vii, 9; A. 11 7; inter-
orbital 2 into eye; maxillar\' 2 into head. Scales 23. Teeth villi-
form in jaws, vomer and palatines. No canines. Bones of the
head not serrated. Caudal rounded. Color in spirits: Yellowish
brown, with darker spots over bod}-. A black spot half as large as
eye and margined with white on the opercle. One specimen.
Length 2.25 inches. Guam, July 12, 1900. Hab. Red Sea, Seas
of India to Malay Peninsula, Marianas.

96-98. Apogon savayensis Gunth.

Head 2.66 (without flap); depth 2.66; eye 2.55; snout 1.66
into ej^e ; maxillar}- 1.66; mandible 1.50; D. vii, 19; A. i 8.
Scales 2-27-5. Body oblong, compressed. Preopercle w4th a double
edge. Teeth villiform in jaws, vomer and palatines. Fins: Caudal
slightly emarginate. Length of spinous dorsal 1.66 into head.
Base of anal equal to eye. Pectorals slightly longer than the ven-
trals. Color in spirits: Olive, a dusky saddle over free portion of
caudal peduncle. A dusk}- oblique line from lower posterior edge
of orbit to lower posterior edge of opercle. There are slight indis-
tinct indications of four other dusky bands descending from the
dorsal fins to belly. Ventrals white. All the remaining fins more
or less dusk3^ Seven specimens. Length 2-4.50 inches. Guam,
June 14, 1900. Hab. Coasts of Africa, Seas of India, Marianas.

Family SBRRANID^.— Sea Basses.

Genus BPINEPHBI/US Block.

99. Bpinephelus dsemetii Gunth.

Head 2.66; depth 3.66; eye 4.66; width of maxillary at distal
end 2.50 into eye; mandible 1.50 into head; interorbital 2 intoe3'e;
D. XI, 16; A. Ill, 8; V. I 5; P. 17. Scales small, about 85 in lat-

Report of a Mission to duani. 77

eral line. Teeth in narrow ])an(ls in 2 series on the sides of the
niantlibles. Canines strong. \'illilorni teeth also on palatine bones
and vomer. Branchiostegals 7. Pseudobranchite present. Max-
illary reaching pa.st vertical of posterior of eye, lower jaw project-
ing. Border of preopercle ronnded and serrate, the serrse slightly
larger at angle. Gill-rakers short, 13 on lower arm, with villiform
teeth. Fins: Candal rounded, its length about 2 into head. Soft
anal slightly longer than soft dorsal. Third anal spine the longest,
2.50 into head. Fifth dorsal spine Lhe longest, 2.66 into head.
Pectorals rounded, 1.50 into head, their base about equal to orbit.
Ventrals not reaching to anus. Color in spirits: Brownish, with
mottlings and narrow lighter more or less hexagonal lines, white
below, the body with about six indistinct slightly oblique bands
about as wide as interspaces. The dorsal parts of these bands are
very black and distinct, less distinct on sides; the fir.st is on the
shoulders, second from 2-5 dorsal spine, third from 7-10 dorsal
spine, fourth from 2-6 dorsal ray, fifth from 12-14 dorsal, and the
sixth forms a black saddle ou caudal peduncle. All of these bands
extend a little obliquely down to the ventral surface of body. The
thorax has 9 round brown spots half as large as eye. The caudal
is brown with small white spots and a narrow white margin. The
pectorals a 3'ellowish without distinct markings. Anterior of ven-
trals dusky, remainder of fin white with about 9 browm spots. Tip
of anal black. The general coloring of both the anal and dorsal is
brown with lighter lines reticulating through them. One specimen.
Length 6.5 inches. Guam, July 12, 1900. This species is well
figured in Boul. Cat. Fishes, 2 ed., p. 223, PI. VII. Hab. West-
ern Pacific, Marianas.

100-103. Bpinephelus hexagonatus (Bl.). Gadua.

Head 2.66; depth 3.20; eye 5; distal width of maxillary reaches
to below hind edge of orbit 2.50 into eye; mandible 1.50 into head;
interorbital 1.33 into eye; D. xi 16; A. iii 8; V. i 5; P. 16. Scales
small ctenoid, about 108 in lateral line. Upper tw'O-thirds of hind
margin of preopercle finely serrated, lower third coarsely so. Hind
margin of opercle with three spines equidistant apart, the middle
one the largest, its length about 2 into orbit. F'ins: The caudal is
rounded, its length about 2 into head. Pecftorals rounded, their
length 1.66 into head, their base about equal to orbit. The soft
dorsal and soft anal are about equal in length, 2.50 into head.
Color in spirits: Brown, with light reticulations covering the body,
giving the appearance of hexagonal, sometimes rounded, or more
or less confluent spots. These spots not only cover the entire body
but all the fins also. On the pe(5lorals, however, the spots are
smaller and more nearly in rows. Four specimens. Length 4-8
inches. Agaiia, Guam, July 12, 1900. Hab. Western Pacific,
Poh'nesia, Marianas.

yS Dircflor' s Annual Report.

Family LUTIANID^.— Snappers.
Genus I^UTIANUS Block.
104-106. lyUtianus fulvus (Bl.). Kakaka.
Head with flap 2.60; depth 3; eye 3.66; interorbital less than
eye; snout 3; D. x 14; A. in, 8. Scales 52, which are oblique
above lateral line, horizontal below. Maxillary equal to length of
snout. Interopercular knob well developed. The vertical limb of
the preopercle with a deep emarginatiou and a produced rounded
angle; above the notch the limb is serrated. Branchiostegals 7.
Pseudobranchiae developed. Body oblong, compressed. Fins:
Caudal fin emarginate. Length of peclorals equal to di.stance from
posterior margin of opercle to anterior nostril. Base of anal about
4 into base of dorsal. Ventrals 1.66 into head. Color in spirits:
Uniform yellowish, with slight wash of reddish. A dusky splotch
in axis and on base of pe(5f;orals. The upper third of dorsal black,
with a narrow white margin. Caudal more or less dusky, with a
narrow white margin. An indistinct dusky mark near middle of
anal. Pecflorals and ventrals yellow. Three specimens. L,ength
6-8 inches. Guam, June, 1900. Hab. Andamans, Polynesia,
Marianas.

107. I/Utianus bengalensis (Block.).

Head 2.50, including opercle flap; depth 3; eye 4; interorbital
2.33 into snout; D. x 15; A. in 9; V. i 5; P. 15. Scales 64. Max-
illary 2.66 into head. Vertical limb of the preopercle with a notch
above its rounded angle. Interopercular knob distinct. Teeth
villiform on vomer and palatines, small-sized canines in premax-
illary with a row of small curved conical teeth in each jaw. Gill-
rakers of moderate size, 13 on lower limb. Fins: Caudal forked.
Pecftorals equal to distance from tip of opercular flap to hind nostril.
Ventrals about 2 into head. Base of anal 3.86 into base of dorsal.
Color in spirits: Yellowish white, a slight wash of bluish above.
Four blue, brown-edged stripes, one-half as wide as pupil, along
sides of body; first from interorbital to eighth dorsal spine, second
from upper posterior margin of orbit to 4-6 dorsal ray, third from
upper anterior margin of opercle on a line wdth middle of orbit to
behind the last dorsal ray, fourth from sides of snout below orbit
across opercles to middle of caudal fin. Fins: Yellowish white.
Dorsal with dusky tip. One specimen. I^ength 7 inches. Guam,
June 14, 1900. Hab. Red Sea, seas of India, Malay Archipelago,
Marianas.

108. I/Utianus erythropterus Bl.

Young-.- Head 2.50; depth 2.66; eye 3.20; interorbital 6 into
head; snout equal to eye; maxillary reaches to below the pupil;
D. X, 13 ; A. Ill 8. Scales 55. Body oblong, compressed, and
slightly elevated. Color in spirits: Yellowish white, with a slight

Report of a Mission to Guam. 79

Avash of reddish brown. Fins: Yellowish white, the dorsal with
a fine black margin. Twenty-seven small specimens. Length
about I inch. Guam, June i, 1900. Hab. Red Sea, coast of
Africa, seas of India to Malay Archipelago, Marianas.

109-110. I/Utianus bonhamensis Gunth. Mafuti.

Head 3; depth 3; eye 3.66; interorbital 3.18; snout 2; max-
illary 2.50 into head, not reaching to orbit; mandible 2.20; D. x 9;
A. Ill 8; P. 14; V. I 5. Scales 6-48-15. Body oblong, compressed.
Brachiostegals 6. Teeth villiform in anterior portion of jaws, with
4 canines in front of them; the teeth in hind part of jaws rounded
molars, 8 on each side behind the canines, the 4 anterior of these
rather sharply pointed. Fins: Caudal emarginate. Pedlorals about
the length of head. Ventrals reaching to anal opening, 1.50 into
head. Base of anal 2.66 into base of dorsal, the third, fourth and
fifth dorsal spines the longest — about one-third the depth of body.
Color in spirits: Grayish, wdtli a wa.sh of olive; more or less indis-
tinct dusky mottlings on back and sides; sometimes a large black
splotch on middle of sides. Axis of peAorals bluish. Fins yellow-
ish white. Two specimens. Length 8-10 inches. Guam, June
14, 1900. Hab. Marshall Islands, Marianas.

III. I^utianus monostigtna (Cuv. &Val.). Buah.

Head 2.50; depth 2.50; eye 4; interorbital 5; snout about equal
to eye; maxillary 2.33; D. x 13; A. iii 8. Scales 50. Body oblong,
somewhat compressed. Maxillary reaching to below hind third
of eye. Color in spirits: Whitish, with a slight wash of reddish
brown. A distinct black spot on the lateral line under the anterior
soft dorsal ray. Fins yellowish white. Tw^o specimens. Length
2 inches. Guam, May 26, 1900. Hab. Polynesia, Marianas.

Family CIRRHITID^.— Cirrhitoid-fishes.

Genus PARACIRRHITES Steindachner.

113. Paracirrhites arcatus (Perkins).

Head 3; depth 2.50; eye 4; interorbital 2 into snout; D. x 11;
A. Ill 6. Scales 5-42-10. Maxillary 2.30. Body oblong and com-
pressed. Branchiostegals 6. Preopercle denticulate. Teeth villi-
form in both jaws, with a few small canines; villiform teeth on
vomer. Fins: Seven simple rays in the pecftorals. Caudal square.
Anterior rays of soft dorsal elongate. Base of anal 3.25 into base
of dorsal. Color in spirits: Reddish brown, a wide white line above
the lateral line from below fifth dorsal spine to the upper half of
caudal. A white, brown-edged semicircular ring obliquely behind
eye. Three narrow oblique whitish lines on sub-opercle. One
specimen. Length 4.5 inches. Guam, June 2, 1900. Hab. From
Mauritius to Pacific, Marianas.

8o Dii'cclor's Amuial Report.

Family GARRID^.— Mojarras.

Genus GARRES Cuvier.

113. Garres argyeus Cuv. & Val.

Head 3.33; depth 3; eye 3.50; mandible 2.20; interorbital 3;
D. IX 10; A. Ill, 8; P. 16; V. I 5. Scales 45. Body slightly ele-
vated, oblong and compressed. Snout very protracftile. Branchi-
ostegals 6. Psendobranchiae well developed. The groove for the
processes of the intermaxillary bones does not extend to the vertical
from the centre of the eye. Teeth setiform, lower pharyngeal
bones firmly united by a suture. Fins: Caudal well forked, scaled.
Pecftorals longer than head. The first dorsal spine is contained
1.50 into head. The dorsal fin has a scaly sheath into which the
fin is received. Color in spirits: Uniform silvery, tip of dorsal
dusky, a dusky line from dorsal to forehead, and an indistinct dusk}'
blotch on tip of snout. One specimen. L,ength 15 inches. Guam,
July 12, 1900. Hab. Red Sea, Australia, Marianas.

Family POMACBNTRID^.— Demoiselles.

Genus POMACENTRUS Lacepede.

114. Pottiacentrus punctatus Quoy & Gaim.

Head 3; depth 1.66; eye 2.50; snout equal to eye; D. xii 15;
A. II 13. Scales 24 in the lateral line, which terminates under
posterior half of soft dorsal. Body short and compressed. Branchi-
ostegals 5. Gill-rakers small, length less than pupil of eye. Teeth
small setiform. Preopercle serrated. Fins: Caudal emarginate.
Ventral fins somewhat produced, the longest ray greater than length
of head. L,ength of pectorals slightly less than head. The soft
anal slightly longer than soft dorsal. Color in spirits: White, with
a slight wash of grayish brown. Each scale with a small blue dot,
larger dots on sides of head, and a lighter wash on preorbitals.
A black spot on base of posterior. Three soft dorsal rays and a
black spot in axil of pedloral fins. All the fins yellowish white, a
slight wash of dusk 5^ on ventrals and anal. Two specimens. Length
2 inches. Guam, July i, 1900. Hab. Red Sea, Andamans, Malay
Archipelago, Marianas.

115. Pomacentrus trimaculatus Cuv. & Val.

Head 3; depth 2; eye 3; snout slightly longer than diameter
of eye, 2.66 into head; D. xii 15; A. 11, 16; interorbital equal to
eye. Scales 20 (with tubules). Body short and compressed. Sub-
orbital arid posterior edge of preopercle serrated. Teeth small.
Fins: Ventrals with first rays rather elongate, equal to length of
head. Pedlorals 1.20 into head. Caudal emarginate. Color in
spirits: Almost uniform greenish, a dusky splotch on posterior part

Rcporf oj a J//ss/o// to Ciiiain. 8i

of dorsal fin, some bluish spots on opercles and cheeks. Two nar-
row blue lines go from one orbit to the other. A row of bluish dots
more or less connected direclly below the eye. A narrow blue line
from front of orbit to snout. One specimen. Length 2.5 inches.
Guam. June i, 1900. Hab. Andanians to Malay Archipelago,
Marianas.

116. Pomacentrus littoralis Knhl.

Head 3.20; depth 2; eye 3.50: snout and interorbital equal to
eye; I), xiii 14; A. 11 14. vScales 19 in lateral line proper, which
ends under middle of soft dorsal. Teeth in single row in both jaw\s.
Sub-orbital and vertical limb of preopercle serrated. Body short
and compressed, the chin and forehead equally convex. Greatest
depth of preorbital about one-half diameter of eye. Fins: Caudal
emarginate. Ventrals longer than head. Pecftorals equal to head.
Base of anal 2.20 times into base of dorsal, the longest soft dorsal
rays about equal to longest soft anal rays. Color in spirits: Brown-
ish olive, either uniform or with some indistinct darker spots. A
black spot at base of pe(5lorals. An indication of bluish markings
oil sides of head, i.e., on sub-orbital. Five specimens. Length
2-4 inches. Guam, June i. 1900. Hab. Andamans, Malay Archi-
pelago, Australia, Marianas.

117. Pomacentrus bankanensis Bleek.

Head 3.50; depth 2; eye 3: snout and interorbital equal, and
each slightly less than the eye; D. xiii 14; A. 11 15. Scales 17 to
where line terminates. Sub-orbital and preopercle serrated. Body
short and compressed. Branchiostegals 5. Fins: \'entrals slightly
longer than head. Pectorals equal to head. Base of anal 2 into
base of dorsal. Caudal emarginate. Color in spirits: Brownish,
each scale with a blue dot. Two narrow blue lines on forehead,
converging on snout and extending on to back. A deep blue, almost
black spot on upper opercle; another margined with bluish white
on bases of the eleventh, twelfth and thirteenth soft dorsal rays.
Pectorals and caudal yellowish white. \'entrals, anal and dorsal
more or less dusky. Three specimens. Length 1.50-3.50 inches.
Guam, June 2, 1900. Hab. Andamans, Malay Archipelago, Mari-
anas.

Genus AMPHIPRION Block

118. Amphiprion ephippium Bl. Gadudog.

Head 3.25; depth .75; eye 4 into head; profile rounded and
blunt; D. x, 16; A. 11, 14. Scales 7-40-18. Color: Brownish blacky
lighter anteriorly with a white band. Blue in life. One and one-
half times as wide as eye, extending from the neck to eye, and
down along the opercle and preopercle, ending in an acute angle

O. p. B. p. B. M.— Vol.. I., No. -V

82 Direclor' s Annual Repoii.

on the sub-opercle. Fius: \"eutrals and anal black. Pedlorals,
caudal peduncle and fin yellow. The spinous dorsal is dusky, the
soft dorsal is light yellow. The posterior of caudal and anal is
rounded; the posterior of dorsal forms an acute angle. The inter-
orbital space is about twice as wide as eye. The opercles are all
distincflly toothed and ridged on their posterior parts. Fovir speci-
mens, 3-4.50 inches in length, were secured inside the reef, Agafia,
Guam, June 14, 1900. Hob. vSea of Amboyna, Polynesia, Mari-
anas.

119. Amphyprion bicinctus Riipp.

Head 3.50; depth 2; eye 3 into length of head and less than
length of snout; D. x, 16; A. 11, 14. Scales about 7-44-20. Color:
Blackish brown, with two china-white cross bands — blue in life;
the first is of equal width with ej-e and extends over the neck verti-
cally down to lower edge of opercle, the other extends vertically
down from the eighth -ninth dorsal spine to the anal opening.
Anterior part of head, thorax and fins orange. Fins: Posterior of
anal and dorsal fins form acute angles. The caudal is emarginate,
the upper lobe produced. Pectorals long, reaching to second white
band. Teeth: In single series, small, conical. Opercle and pre-
orbital armed with teeth, those on the opercle and sub-opercle being
almost as long as width of pupil. One specimen secured at Agaiia,
Guam, July 14, 1900. Length 3 inches. Hah. Red Sea, Poly-
nesia. Marianas.

Genus ABUDEFDUF Forskal.
120. Abudefduf septemfasciatus Cuv. & Val.

Head 3.20; depth 1.86; eye 3.86; interorbital 2.50; D. xiii 12;
A. II 11; V.I 5. Scales 3-22-11. Body oblong, compres.sed and
elevated. Snout 2.50 into head. A small e3^elid on upper anterior
part of eye. Preoperculum not denticulate. Teeth fixed, com-
pressed, in a single series. Fins: Vertical fins scaled. The cau-
dal well forked, the upper lobe the longest. Length of longest
dorsal ra}' 1.20 into head, length of longest dorsal spine 1.66 into
head. Pedlorals equal to length of ventrals, slightly longer than
head. Anal rounded, the longest ray equal to longest ray of dorsal;
the base is 2.66 times into base of dorsal. A small flat spine from
posterior margin of opercle. Color in spirits: Ground color of
silvery gra3'ish , with seven brownish cross bands which are broader
than the interspaces; first, rather indistinct from occiput to pre-
operculum; second, from nape and anterior base of dorsal to pec-
toral; third, fourth, fifth and sixth extend from the dorsal fin; the
seven